融资约束与公司负债期限结构——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

基于中国上市公司1998-2004年面板数据对企业负债期限结构的影响因素,以及融资约束对负债期限结构的影响进行的实证分析结果表明:公司质量、公司规模、资产期限与负债期限正相关;财务杠杆、市账比、边际税率与负债期限相关性不显著;融资约束是影响公司负债期限的一个重要因素,融资约束与负债期限高度负相关;随着融资约束程度的增加,财务杠杆、资产期限与公司负债期限的相关性会受到影响.     

我国上市公司债权融资结构的实证研究——以医药、生物制品行业为例

本文以医药、生物制品行业为例 ,对我国上市公司的债权融资结构做了实证研究 ,得出以下结论 :(1 )实证结果与国外的理论假说存在显著差别 ;(2 )负债类型单一化 ,应积极发展租赁等融资渠道 ;(3)负债期限结构倾向于短期融资 ,应鼓励发行中长期公司债券 ;(4)负债优先结构偏重于第三方保证融资 ,应降低债务违约风险。     

内部治理与债务水平:基于上市公司的实证分析

本文在理论分析基础上,选取中国沪深股市2013年2389家A股上市公司作为样本,对内部治理与债务水平的关系进行实证研究.结果表明:董事会规模、独立董事规模、独立董事占比对上市公司债务水平的影响存在不确定性,但是系数符号差异能反映出董事会内部的制衡机制;监事会规模越大和董事长兼任总经理的内部结构在公司正常运营过程会导致公司债务水平提高;股东大会次数越多,上市公司的负债水平越高;监事会会议次数越多,越有利于降低上市公司的负债水平,更好地保护上市公司对债权人的权益.     

我国民营与国有上市公司投资价值的比较研究

鉴于学界在民营与国有上市公司的绩效、治理结构和投资价值上存在较大的争议,本文对2000年底前上市的1 026个公司在2001-2003年间的数据进行了全面的比较分析,发现:(1)民营上市公司的投资收益和账面值-市值比显著小于国有上市公司,因此具有较低的投资价值.(2)与国有上市公司相比,民营上市公司的盈利能力、发展潜力、资本运营能力和尝债能力均较低,但其股权结构较为分散,而且其经理层激励方式与国有上市公司差别不大.(3)民营上市公司投资价值较差的根源在于其盈利能力、发展潜力和资产运营能力较低.(4)与杨兴君、苏启林及张俊喜和张华的实证结果不同,民营与国有上市公司在股权结构、经理层激励、企业规模及地理位置上的差别无法解释两者投资价值的差异.在上述实证结果的基础上,本文提出了相关的政策建议.     

所有权性质与商业信用融资探讨——基于中国上市公司的经验征据

本文基于我国特殊的制度环境,以国内上市公司2004-2010年的数据为样本,从获取和提供商业信用两个角度,实证检验了所有权性质对企业商业信用使用情况的影响.结果表明非国有企业相比国有企业能获得更多的商业信用,验证了上市公司面临的“金融歧视”现象.此外从企业提供商业信用的角度来看,非国有企业也提供了更多的商业信用.     

我国电力行业上市公司资本结构影响因素分析

对资本结构影响因素的研究,一直是资本结构研究的热点问题.本文针对我国电力行业上市公司资本结构特征,利用该行业2001-2005年30家上市公司的平衡面板数据,建立面板数据模型,对我国电力行业上市公司资本结构影响因素进行了实证研究.本文研究发现:资本成本、流动比率、非负债税盾与资本结构显著负相关;公司规模、盈利能力、成长性、资产结构与资本结构显著正相关.     

农业上市公司融资结构对股权代理成本的影响

上市公司不同的融资结构对股权代理成本会产生不同的影响.本文利用我国农业上市公司2004—2013年的面板数据,实证分析了农业上市公司的融资结构对股权代理成本的影响.研究结果表明,农业上市公司的股权集中度越高、股权制衡度越低,越有利于降低股权代理成本;而国有控股公司比非国有控股公司的股权代理成本更高.同时,笔者还发现,农业上市公司负债比例的提高,有利于降低股权代理成本;而公司负债期限的缩短,对于降低股权代理成本不显著.     

管理层权力制衡强度、债务约束与企业创新投资

企业创新是国家经济可持续增长的关键，受到管理层意愿的影响，因而需要对内部经营者的权力进行制衡。以2010-2018年我国A股上市公司为研究样本，实证检验管理层权力制衡强度对企业创新投资的影响，以及不同债务约束情境下高商业信用配置、高负债水平的调节效应，此外，还考察了产权性质的差异化影响。研究表明，管理层权力制衡强度越大，企业创新投资水平越高；高商业信用强化了该促进作用，而高负债水平弱化了该促进作用。进一步研究发现，管理层权力制衡强度与企业创新投资的关系在民企中更显著；国企能够更好地获得和运用商业信用，使其高商业信用对该关系的强化效应更显著；民企具有更强的债务约束，其高负债水平对该关系的弱化效应更明显。     

企业投融资决策内生机制的实证研究:税收利益与破产成本的视角

笔者以2001年～2009年708家中国上市公司为样本,从税收利益与破产成本的视角实证研究了企业投融资决策之间的内生机制.实证结果发现:受税收利益的作用,负债融资会显著地增加企业的投资支出,这种正向作用在高负债水平下将交得不再显著;为了利用负债利息税盾的价值促进作用,投资会增加企业的负债融资,但是受高负债水平下高破产成本的影响,这种促进作用变得不再显著;考虑到折旧的税盾替代效应,折旧将会弱化投资对负债融资的促进作用,并最终导致高折旧企业投资支出与负债融资负相关的关系.     

行业特征、负债来源与 企业投资支出关系研究——以批发零售和机械、设备、仪表制造业为例

本文以我国批发零售业和机械、设备、仪表制造业上市公司为研究对象,考察负债及负债来源对企业投资支出的影响。实证结果表明,两个行业都不存在过度投资行为,但负债比例越高,企业投资支出越少,负债对企业投资支出的抑制作用明显;债务来源方面,机械、设备、仪表制造业商业信用对投资支出的抑制作用强于银行借款;批发零售业银行借款对投资支出的抑制作用强于商业信用。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.