基本财务信息、盈利质量与可持续发展能力——我国制造业上市公司的经验证据

上市公司的盈利质量和可持续发展能力是社会各界普遍关注的热点问题。从上市公司的基本财务信息能揭示盈利质量、盈利质量能反映可持续发展能力视角，运用实证方法进行研究，结果发现：上市公司的综合杠杆、营业毛利率、每股经营活动现金净流量、总资产周转率对公司盈利质量有显著解释力；上市公司可持续发展能力的强弱受风险水平、盈利能力、现金能力和营运能力的影响，并可以通过盈利质量来衡量上市公司的可持续发展能力。     

上市公司盈利质量与可持续发展能力研究

通过对我国上市公司基本财务信息所能揭示的盈利质量与可持续发展能力的实证研究可以发现:我国上市公司的综合杠杆、营业毛利率、每股经营活动现金净流量、总资产周转率对公司盈利质量有显著解释力;上市公司可持续发展能力的强弱受风险水平、盈利能力、现金能力和营运能力的影响,并可通过盈利质量来衡量上市公司的可持续发展能力.     

会计变更、盈余管理与企业财务特征——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文研究了2003年中国上市公司的会计变更行为，发现会计政策变更倾向于调高利润．而会计估计变更和会计差错更正则更多体现为调低利润．同时．3种会计变更公司的财务特征体现出了一定的差异．尤其会计估计变更和会计差错更正公司的负债比率较高．短期偿债能力较差。另外．盈利能力和现金流量情况均较差。3种会计变更公司的盈余管理行为与其财务特征具有一定的关系。总体说来．公司的盈利能力越大．会有更多的同方向盈余管理(高估的应计项目)。公司的经营活动现金净流量等解释了反向的盈余管理．说明盈利的公司和现金流量较好的公司也会进行较多的盈余管理．甚至还采用了会计变更的方法．这些都是中国上市公司与西方上市公司不同的特征。     

上市公司会计信息和股价变动相关性研究

文章以近三年的沪深能源类上市公司的财务数据为样本,将财务指标分为三类,运用皮尔逊相关性系数分析了上市公司财务指标与其股价的关系。结果发现：上市公司财务指标对股价的解释力呈减弱的趋势;每股收益和总资产报酬率是影响股价的主要因素;公司偿债能力与股价呈负相关,对股价变动不具有统计意义上的相关性;公司盈利能力是影响上市公司股价的主要因素。     

制造业企业财务危机预警研究——以京津冀上市公司为例

文章以京津冀经济圈的制造业上市公司为研究对象,选取了34家发生财务危机的公司和34家财务正常的公司为样本,以财务危机发生前三年财务指标为基础,运用正态性检验、T检验以及非参数检验筛选出预警能力较强的财务指标,然后运用主成分分析方法构建了财务危机预警模型,并进行了回代检验和测试样本检验。最后,通过独立样本T检验,对比2008年两组样本之间在指标上的差异,发现京津冀的企业由于更严格的环保要求而导致企业在偿债能力上的不足。     

对房地产上市公司成长性影响因素的实证分析

本文选取2006年--2012年63家房地产上市公司为样本公司，利用因子提取法对样本公司7年间反映公司财务状况五个方面能力的15个指标进行主成分分析，最后得到新的4个具有代表性的主成因子。这4个主成因子涵盖了15个财务指标的74％的信息，最后研究了衡量公司成长性的单一指标——托宾Q值与这4个主成因子之间的相关性关系，得出盈利园子、偿债因子、运营因子与上市公司成长性正相关，结构因子与公司成长性负相关的结论。     

逐步判别分析模型在识别上市公司财务欺诈中的应用

上市公司财务欺诈的识别问题是国内外财务研究的热点.本文从沪深证券市场选取研究样本,并从反映上市公司财务状况及能力的偿债能力、资产管理能力、盈利能力、现金创造能力、费用配比合理性以及增长潜力等6个方面初步选取26个财务指标,通过对指标进行相关性分析和T检验,确立了8个能识别财务欺诈的财务指标.然后,采用多元统计中的逐步判别分析方法,建立了上市公司财务欺诈的判别分析识别模型,并对该模型进行实证检验,效果很好.     

浅议投资者关系管理对企业盈利能力的影响

投资者作为企业的利益相关者,对企业的盈利能力非常关心。企业盈利能力的衡量指标主要有资产报酬率、销售净利率、净资产收益率。而投资者关系管理作为中国上市公司新兴的战略手段正日益受到重视。因此,以58家沪市上市公司作为样本,对公司投资者关系管理进行研究分析,最终得出投资者关系管理能够提高企业盈利能力的结论。     

杜邦分析体系及实例应用

杜邦分析体系是以资产负债表、利润表为基础,分析企业的盈利能力、偿债能力和营运能力等方面的一种财务综合分析方法。但该体系没有涉及现金流量表,也没有针对上市公司的财务指标,在利用此体系分析时暴露出不足。对杜邦分析稍加改进,引入了现金流量和反映上市公司的一些指标,并运用改进后的杜邦体系进行实际应用分析,来具体说明各财务指标所蕴含的财务信息。     

审计质量对可控应计利润影响的实证研究

文章使用修正琼斯模型,计算出可控应计利润,将会计盈余分成经营现金净流量、非可控应计利润、可控应计利润三部分,以审计质量作为可控应计利润的控制变量,然后分别与累计报酬率、未来盈利能力、未来现金流量进行多元回归分析,发现审计质量的提高能够抑制可控应计利润过度操纵。     

ASSET PRICE CHANGES AND MACROECONOMIC MEASUREMENT OF PROFITABILITY

On the basis of national accounts data, this article compares two different measures for the profitability of non‐financial corporations, between France and the United States over the last two decades. The two measures differ in the way they evaluate the various elements that are integrated in the profitability calculation. The first measure corresponds to the usual practice which ignores the holding gains and losses on assets concerning some components of the profit measurements. In contrast, the second takes full account of these holding gains and losses on assets in corporations' returns. The analysis highlights in particular the effects on profitability measures of the huge variations in asset prices observed in recent years in the two countries. The main finding is that taking holding gains and losses into account actually matters for the measurement of corporate profitability over time, this result being particularly clear over the recent period.     

Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Companies in Poland

The research presented in the paper is aimed at examining the relationship between the level of corporate governance and the financial performance of listed companies in Poland. The corporate governance degree is expressed by the outcomes of a rating of 2003 performed by Polish Corporate Governance Forum. The attempted models are of ordered multinomial type. Endogenous variable represents the rating outcome (A−, B+, B, B−, and C+), while the exogenous variables include various financial indicators evaluated on the basis of the 2002 financial statements. The estimated ordered logit models show that the level of corporate governance of companies in Poland is associated with their ability to cope with the financial distress, as expressed by the degree of liquidity, profitability and the financial leverage variables.     

Professorial Rankings of Australian Accounting Departments

This article presents the results of a survey of professors in accounting departments in Australia. Professors ranked Australian accounting departments on a variety of research, teaching and staffing attributes, on contributions to the accounting profession and provided an overall ranking of the departments. Overall rankings placed the University of Queensland and the University of New South Wales a close first and second, followed by the University of Sydney, the University of Melbourne, the University of Western Australia, and Monash University. Analysis of the separate sub-dimensions of performance shows that it is variations in respondents' perceptions of research-related performance of departments which accounts for variation in the overall ranking. We also asked the professors for their views on several issues facing accounting educators and those who recruit accounting graduates. Most believed that there should be more breadth in undergraduate accounting courses than is currently the case. However, most felt that recruiters would prefer degree structures to remain as they are. There was overwhelming consensus that it was reasonable to expect ethics to be taught in accounting programs; that the Australian Securities Commission should not replace corporate management in the appointment of auditors; and that accounting standards should not be written to force very conservative depictions of profitability and financial position. There was disparity of opinions on whether auditors ought to be expected to foreshadow financial distress; whether the audit role should be expanded to explicitly embrace fraud detection; and whether financial reports should be understandable to the lay person.     

我国资本回报率估测（1978-2006）——新一轮投资增长和经济景气微观基础

本文估测我国改革开放时期工业企业资本回报率九个系列指标，并在此基础上系统观察我国资本回报率长期走势特点、资本回报率与经济景气短期波动关系、物价变动因素对资本回报率影响、不同类型企业资本回报率以及中外资本回报率比较等问题。本文发现的经验证据提示我国新一轮投资较快增长和经济景气具有相当程度微观基础，因而对反思和探讨宏观调控政策措施选择问题具有借鉴意义。     

Profitability of China's industrial firms (1978–2006)

This paper measures nine indicators of profitability for the Chinese industrial firms during the period 1978–2006. In light of the results, it examines the issues such as the trend change of the Chinese profitability, difference of profitability between various categories of firms, impacts of inflation on the profitability calculated using the corporate accounting data, and comparison of profitability among China, Japan and US. Evidence found by the paper indicates the micro-economic underpinnings for the Chinese economic boom in recent years.     

Sustainable finance: The role of savings and credit cooperatives in Ecuador

The current world situation leads us to consider that sustainable development needs to be a global priority to ensure the future of the planet and improve the quality of life. There is a need for sustainable finance to support this. Savings and credit cooperatives could help to achieve this impact as they serve the microfinance and microlending market. They facilitate the financial inclusion of the most vulnerable people, most of whom live in rural areas and are members of organizations, such as agricultural cooperatives and associations. Previous studies have focused exclusively on overall profitability, so this paper contributes to extending the literature by analyzing the whole population of savings and credit cooperatives in Ecuador (510 institutions), focusing on their profitability in two ways: the overall profitability necessary for the viability of the business and, in addition, the microcredit portfolio profitability, as a specific measure of its contribution to sustainability and social value creation. Another novelty is that the analysis has been carried out using several machine learning techniques for the wider generalization of the results. These show that size is the most relevant variable for predicting the ROE and that the microcredit portfolio profitability is conditioned by the credit variables.     

会计制度与税收法规的协作

本文在评介会计制度与税收法规的协作历程的基础上 ,讨论两者在税收征收管理的信息需求方面加强协作的必要性 ,并运用模拟法以“租赁或借款安排”为例实验分析了在税收监管中实现有效合作的可能措施。文章认为 ,应当大力提高国内税务筹划的研究水平 ,以推动税制和税法的进一步完善 ;在制度层面上 ,应当实现会计信息对税务征管实务的支持作用 ,从而加强反避税的工作力度。     

How diverse are national banking systems? An analysis on banking business models,profitability, and riskiness

In this paper, we apply an algorithm developed by Martin Weitzman to quantify the extent of diversity among the business models of financial intermediaries at an international level. In particular, we investigate the relationship between the diversity of the business models of EU national banking systems and their profitability and riskiness. We show how Weitzman's approach can be generally applied to the issue at hand; as a by-product, the analysis allows us to assess whether the diversity among banking systems was affected by the imported systemic financial crises of 2007/8 as well as its domestic sequel centered on the sovereign debt crisis that occurred in 2010–12. The motivation for this paper is twofold. First, we provide an operational measure of the diversity of business models among banking sectors. Second, we enrich the economic literature relating to banking business models by providing a macro-founded analysis. To this end, we highlight the range of diversity of national banking business models correlated with high performances in terms of profitability and riskiness.     

Main banks’ influence on financial reporting quality in Japan

This study investigated main banks’ influence on the quality of accounting firms’ audits and corporate firms’ earnings, focusing on companies on Japan’s Nikkei 500 index. We posed three questions in this research study about main banks’ influence on corporate clients’ earnings management. First, does a weakened main bank relationship influence corporate clients’ financial reporting quality? Second, does Japan’s firewall deregulation influence firms’ earnings quality? Finally, does the relationship between accounting firms and main banks affect client firms’ earnings quality? Our main findings were that main banks are not related to client firms’ earnings management; however, main banks mitigate client firms’ earnings management after firewall deregulation. On the other hand, firewall deregulation does motivate firms to manipulate their earnings management. Finally, using Pong and Kita’s (2006) study as a framework, we found that main banks and client firms using the same accounting firms had no influence on earnings management. Based on these evidences presented, our findings suggest that the quality of corporate clients’ financial reporting changes before and after firewall deregulation.     

TAX COMPETITION IN A SIMPLE MODEL WITH HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS: HOW LARGER MARKETS REDUCE PROFIT TAXES*

We set up a simple two‐country model of tax competition where firms with different productivity decide in which location to produce and sell output. In this model, a unique, asymmetric Nash equilibrium is shown to exist, provided that countries are sufficiently different with respect to their exogenous market size. Sorting of firms occurs in equilibrium, as the smaller country levies the lower tax rate and attracts the low‐cost firms. A simultaneous expansion of both markets that raises the profitability of firms intensifies tax competition and causes both countries to reduce their tax rates, despite higher corporate tax bases.