最低工资就业效应实证分析

首先,通过介绍中国最低工资制度的发展和国内关于最低工资制度就业效应的争论引出问题,在此基础上,以全国30个省份（西藏除外）1996—2009年的数据构建面板模型,利用Eviews6.0进行回归分析来考察最低工资水平就业效应。结果表明,最低工资的提高在短期对中国整体就业影响不大,但长期中促进就业。2004年《最低工资规定》并没有对全国最低工资的就业效应产生显著影响。最后,根据实证结果进行分析和解释并提出政策建议。     

最低工资对农民工就业的影响

我国工业化和城市化的发展都离不开农民工,农民工这一新成长起来的群体为经济和社会的发展做出巨大贡献.目前,农民工劳动市场供大于求和工资低廉已是不争的事实,文章旨在通过分析农民工劳动力市场,探讨最低工资制度对农民工就业的影响.并分析其中的原因,提出完善最低工资制度的政策和建议.     

最低工资对中国就业和工资水平的影响

本文以1998—2007年全国各市(地区、自治州、盟)最低工资标准随时间变化的外生差异来识别最低工资上涨与企业平均工资、企业雇佣人数的关系。利用1998—2007年规模以上制造业企业报表数据进行的分析显示,最低工资每上涨10%,制造业企业平均工资将整体上涨0.4%—0.5%。借助2006—2007年福建省最低工资上涨的"准自然实验"本文也证实了该结论。对于不同行业、不同人均资本水平的企业,最低工资上涨的影响也存在异质性。最低工资将更多地增加劳动密集型或人均资本较低企业的平均工资。研究还发现,最低工资每增加10%,制造业企业雇佣人数将显著减少0.6%左右。政府在制定最低工资时应权衡其在收入分配上的积极效果以及其对就业的负面影响。     

我国最低工资标准与就业关系的实证研究

本文选取全国27个省、直辖市、自治区1996-2006年的数据,运用面板数据单位根检验、协整检验以及误差修正模型,考察了我国就业量与最低工资标准之间的长期关系和短期关系.     

最低工资制度对就业影响的文献综述

最低工资制度作为一种基本保障制度,随着经济社会发展发挥着越来越重要的作用。长期以来,国内外学术界对最低工资制度对就业影响报以极大的兴趣,本文将对相关研究进行概括。     

我国最低工资标准与就业关系的实证研究个性化营销研究综述

本文选取全国27个省、直辖市、自治区1996—2006年的数据。运用面板数据单位根检验、协整检验以及误差修正模型．考察了我国就业量与最低工资标准之间的长期关系和短期关系。     

最低工资立法对农民工就业的影响分析

我国工业化和城市化的发展离不开农民工.目前,农民工劳动市场供大于求和工资低廉已是不争的事实.本文旨在通过分析农民工低工资的成因,探讨最低工资制度对农民工就业的影响及其启示,提出完善最低工资制度的建议.     

最低工资标准对农民工就业的影响

随着城市经济的高速发展和农村剩余劳动力的出现,越来越多的农民开始涌向城市,谋求其他途径增加家庭收入.然而由于各种历史和现实原因,农民工就业层次较低,工资水平几乎处于城市中的最低位.国家订立最低工资标准,以保护低工资收入人群.我们简析最低工资标准在保护农民工权益时所起到的政策效果,希望能更好地维护农民工的利益,真正改善就业,提高他们的工资水平.     

广东省最低工资标准的就业效应研究——基于21个城市面板数据的实证分析

广东省自1995年实施最低工资制度以来,广东各城市的最低工资标准均有不同幅度的提高,但与北京、上海相比,广东省在最低工资标准方面的竞争优势并不明显,而且未能与职工平均工资和人均GDP的变动相适应。本文基于2004-2011年广东21个城市的面板数据进行实证研究,发现广东省平均最低工资标准的就业效应显著为正。因此广东省可继续上调最低工资标准,并加强宣传和监管力度,以缓解当前广东省招工难的压力、维持社会和谐稳定。     

国外最低工资就业效应分析及对中国的启示

关于最低工资就业效应,国外学者采用不同的方法对其进行了大量的研究。这些研究不仅涉及到发达工业化国家,还涉及到发展中国家。本文对美国、英国、法国等典型的发达国家和墨西哥和哥伦比亚、印度尼西亚、巴西等发展中国家的最低工资就业效应进行梳理和研究,分析发达国家和发展中国家最低工资就业效应存在差别的原因,为我国最低工资标准的制定提供有益的启示。     

THE IMPACT OF THE MINIMUM WAGE ON FEMALE EMPLOYMENT IN JAPAN

This article examines the impact of the minimum wage on employment, focusing on women in their 20s and 30s, who are known to be typical low‐wage workers in Japan. The results, based on a panel estimation, suggest that the minimum wage has a measurable impact on employment; the workers whose current wage is below the revised minimum wage are about 20–30 percentage points less likely to be employed in the following year than comparable low‐wage workers who are not affected by the revision of the minimum wage. The estimation results are sensitive to the choice of the control group. (JEL J23, J38, J88)     

MINIMUM WAGE EFFECTS ON PERMANENT VERSUS TEMPORARY MINIMUM WAGE EMPLOYMENT

We estimate the effect of minimum wages on employment using the Master Files of the Canadian Labour Force Survey over the recent period 1997–2008. Particular attention is paid to the differences between permanent and temporary minimum wage workers—an important distinction not made in the existing literature. Our estimates for permanent and temporary minimum wage workers combined are at the lower end of estimates based on Canadian studies estimated over earlier time periods, suggesting that the adverse employment effects are declining over time for reasons discussed. Importantly, the adverse employment effects are substantially larger for permanent compared to temporary minimum wage workers; in fact they fall almost exclusively on permanent minimum wage workers. (JEL J30)     

IMPACT OF THE MINIMUM WAGE ON THE INCIDENCE OF SECOND JOB HOLDING IN BRITAIN

The advent of any earnings boost, such as provided by the introduction of a minimum wage, might be expected to reduce the supply of low‐paid individuals wanting to hold a second job. This paper uses difference‐in‐differences estimation on a panel of individuals matched across successive Labour Force Surveys around the time of the introduction of the national minimum wage in the United Kingdom in order to estimate the impact of the minimum wage and its subsequent upratings on second job working. There is little evidence to suggest that the extra pay provided by the introduction of the minimum wage was sufficient to affect the incidence of second job holding significantly. However, hours worked in the main job by second job holders may have risen relative to those not covered by the minimum wage; and hours worked in second jobs may have fallen for those whose second job was initially below the minimum.     

本地非农就业、外出务工与中国农村收入不平等*

随着巨大的经济和社会变革,中国的收入不平等程度发生了巨大变化。依据CHIP家庭微观调查1988-2007年的数据,使用基尼系数分解以及非参数分解等多种方法,本文试图对本地非农就业、外出务工等不同类型的家庭从业模式与农村收入不平等的关系进行较为全面的探讨。研究得出了一些有价值的结论：首先,从整体的收入分布来看,早期的农村地区的发展更多伴随着不平等程度提高,而后期经济增长则带来更多福利改善;其次,家庭主要非农收入来源是本地非农就业,外出务工所得具有缩小收入差距的作用,而本地非农就业则具有扩大作用,随着时间推移其作用程度也有所改变;最后,经济增长成果惠及不同群体,但并非平均分配,不同群体获益情况不同,增长和不平等通过作用于不同类型家庭影响到最终的收入分布。     

MINIMUM WAGE HIKES AND THE WAGE GROWTH OF LOW‐WAGE WORKERS

This paper presents difference‐in‐differences estimates of the impact of the British minimum wage on the wage growth of low‐wage employees. Estimates of the probability of low‐wage employees receiving positive wage growth have been significantly increased by the minimum wage upratings or hikes. However, whether the actual wage growth of these workers has been significantly raised or not depends crucially on the magnitude of the minimum wage hike considered. Findings are consistent with employers complying with the legally binding minimum wage but holding down or offsetting the wage growth that they might have awarded in periods of relatively low minimum wage hikes.     

中国近年来经济增长与 就业增长间数量关系解释

本文尝试解释为何中国就业变化和经济增长间数量关系并不稳定,两个问题将被处理：（1）就业数据是否有偏误;（2）一些中国特有的影响因素在就业和增长关系间是否有调节作用。本文的研究发现：（1）统计局公布的城镇增加就业数据大致可靠;（2）经济增长对就业有显著拉动作用,也就是说使用另一种表达的奥肯定律得到论证;（3）国有经济部门在就业和增长间起到了调节作用,并且对经济周期不同阶段影响有对称性。     

公务员地区之间工资关系研究*

目前我国公务员工资地区差距较大。依据客观的数据和科学的办法,建立合理的地区之间工资关系,缩小地区之间的公务员工资收入差距,这是我国公务员工资制度改革的一项重要内容。本文讨论了地区差距的相关理论,研究了公务员工资地区差距的特点,考察了公务员地区工资关系的历史演变,分析了目前公务员地区工资关系存在的问题,提出了建立合理公务员地区工资关系的几点思考。     

最低工资制度能提高民营企业劳动收入占比吗

本文以民营企业要素投入行为为切入点,探讨最低工资制度对民营企业劳动收入占比的影响。基于2005-2008年和2011-2013年中国工业企业数据库民营企业面板数据的研究发现：最低工资制度提高了劳动密集型和资本密集型行业民营企业的劳动收入占比,降低了技术密集型民营企业的劳动收入占比。通过分解影响机制发现,最低工资制度提高了劳动密集型和资本密集型民营企业的工资水平,带来正向的收入效应,但也导致资本替代劳动,产生负向的替代效应。整体而言,最低工资制度提高了民营企业的劳动收入占比。为发挥最低工资制度对民营企业劳动收入占比的正向作用,继续调整最低工资标准、贯彻相关法规实施、提高劳动者技能水平成为重要措施。     

EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF THE MINIMUM WAGE: PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM CANADIAN PROVINCES

Recent U.S. studies offer conflicting evidence on minimum wage impacts. This paper studies the effects of 185 amendments to minimum wage on employment rates using panel data across Canadian provinces from 1981 to 2011. Ordinary least squares and instrumental variables (IV) estimates imply a 10% increase in minimum wage is associated with a 1%–4% reduction to employment rates for both male and female teens. We also find that an increase in the minimum wage is associated with lower employment of prime‐aged immigrants. Our results are robust to a wide array of IV and the use of controls for spatial heterogeneity. (JEL J30, J71, J23)     

THE OPTIMAL MINIMUM WAGE FOR POVERTY MINIMIZATION

This paper characterizes the poverty minimizing minimum wage, and shows how it varies as productivity, inequality and market competitiveness change. We show that the optimal minimum wage is equal to the competitive wage only in special cases. In general, the former is higher than the latter. Thus, poverty minimization does not coincide with employment maximization. We also show that the optimal minimum wage always rises with productivity and, under certain conditions, falls with competitiveness and inequality. Furthermore, the higher the competitiveness and inequality, the more the optimal wage rises with productivity.