Toward Sustainable Livelihoods: Investigating the Drivers of Purchase Behavior for Green Products

Green consumption involves comprehensive concerns that address the broad scope of sustainability, ecosystem balance, profit‐generation and people. Identifying the factors that influence consumers' purchase behavior enables manufacturers to understand consumers' decision‐making processes and can help them develop more environmentally beneficial products. However, scholars have recently found that a gap exists between environmental concern and consumers' actual purchase behavior. The purpose of this paper is to use cognitive behavior theory to investigate the drivers of green consumption behavior and the missing link in the concern–behavior gap. After collecting 375 valid questionnaires, this study validated the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling. The revised model indicates that environmental involvement, informational utility, green advertising skepticism and green trust are antecedent variables of consumer attitudes toward green products. Additionally, this study also provides a possible explanation of and remedies for the concern–behavior gap. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Understanding consumers' purchase intentions toward natural‐claimed products: A qualitative research in personal care products

In recent years there is a trend of consuming natural products for a sustainable and healthier life. Therefore, firms began aligning their strategy with sustainability by communication strategies that they produce natural products, which are better for health as well as the environmental sustainability. However, sometimes these claims may be deceptive. The purpose of this paper is to understand the consumers' purchasing intentions toward products claiming naturalness in their advertising and packaging strategies. This research also examined greenwashing perceptions and their potential roles in purchasing intentions. In‐depth face‐to‐face interviews carried out with 20 Turkish women regarding personal care products (local brand and international brand). The findings of the interviews revealed eight themes (perceived greenwashing, perceived green image, price perception, environmental concern, green trust, skepticism, perceived risk, and purchase intention). This study contributes to predict a framework from consumer viewpoint for identifying the themes related to greenwashing.     

The Reality of Brands:

A bstract he ontology of marketing, particularly the question of what products and brands are, is still largely unexplored. The ontological status of brands hinges on their relationship with products. Idealists about brands see perceptual or cognitive acts of consumers grouped under the heading brand awarencess' or 'brand image' as constitutive for the existence of brands so that, in their view, tools of the marketing mix can influence relevant mental dispositions and attitudes. Brand realists, on the other hand reject the view of brands as mere marks or names and interpret them as emergent products with properties that afford branding in the sense of Gibson's ecological psychology. Brand strength is a function of the degree to which brands occupy defensible niches in product space. Branding as a process involves changing external or internal boundaries of products. Several arguments are proposed in favor of brand realism. The fragments of an ontology of marketing are developed in a broadly Aristotelian framework. Brand realism has significant implications for a new understanding of issues ranging from the effects of advertising to financial brand valuation, the nature of trademarks, and marketing strategy in general. It permits one to treat brand equity as a real phenomenon not dependent on associations, attitudinal states such as brand loyalty, or spurious constructs such as brand character or personality.     

Green consumer behaviour: an experimental analysis of willingness to pay for remanufactured products

Products' end‐of‐life management has recently become a critical business issue. One of the possible end‐of‐life strategies is remanufacturing, which can provide competitive advantages through material and energy savings. Beyond industrial organization challenges, there is a question about the interest of developing a green marketing strategy for remanufactured products. Indeed, remanufactured products can be considered as green products since their industrial process has environmental benefits. Our paper asks whether consumers are willing to pay for remanufactured products, especially when they are informed that these products are ‘green’. We use experimental auctions to elicit consumers' WTP for specific characteristics of remanufactured products. Our study indicates that consumers tend to value the remanufactured product less than the conventional one unless they are informed about their respective environmental impacts. We find no evidence that consumers are willing to pay a premium for the green (i.e. remanufactured) product. However, providing environmental information to consumers has an effect on their WTP for the conventional product: they generally decrease significantly their WTP for the conventional (and thus most polluting) product. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

“一带一路”背景下通过品牌形象设计提升中国品牌价值——以扬州谢馥春为例

“一带一路”是“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的简称。其借用古代丝绸之路的历史符号,高举和平发展的旗帜,积极发展与沿线国家的经济合作伙伴关系,共同打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体。因此,企业竞争的不仅是产品硬实力,还有品牌形象的软实力。中国品牌不断树立更完美的形象,但与国际品牌相比还存在差距。基于“一带一路”背景,论文以扬州谢馥春为例,梳理了品牌的内涵,并对品牌形象进行设计,打造出有特色的品牌,从而达到提升品牌价值的目的。     

浙江老字号品牌激活战略研究

浙江省是老字号品牌资源大省,但经营状况不容乐观。激活浙江老字号,需要遵循三个原则:新旧结合原则、群体与个体结合原则、差异激活原则。不同行业和发展阶段的老字号具有不同特点,可分别采用不同的激活战略:以激活形象为中心的激活战略、以激活品牌资产为中心的激活战略、以激活品牌意义为中心的激活战略。     

Architecting Brands

ABSTRACT

Brand architecture may be understood in reference to an integrated approach of a firm directed towards the design and management of its brand portfolio. Broadly, brand architecture is concerned with the pedigree of brands of a firm, role of specific brands and the relationship between sub-brands. In particular, brand architecture may be considered as the way a company organizes, manages, and markets their brands. Different business strategies require different brand architectures. The paper discusses the relevance of hierarchy of brands, and the role of brand audit to manage the brand portfolio of a firm. The discussion in the paper also delineates the steps involved in architecting a brand in a firm from the managerial perspective.     

Affective and cognitive influence of control of navigation on cause sponsorship and non‐profit organizations

The purpose of this research is to examine how control of navigation influences cognitive and affective sponsorship responses and attitude towards the non‐profit organization in the context of corporate websites. By conducting experiments on fictitious brands and existing non‐profit organizations, this study found that control of navigation did not influence sponsorship cognition. Attitude towards the website fully mediated the influence of control of navigation on attitude towards the sponsor's brand and attitude towards the non‐profit organization. Additionally, high control of navigation in combination with high perceived fit was associated with the most positive brand attitude. These findings suggest that control of navigation defined as an external control factor is primarily an affective heuristic; in addition, the heuristic processing influences not only the sponsor's brand but also the sponsored non‐profit organization. Practically, this study suggests that the navigation of corporate websites has to be user‐friendly in order to benefit the brand and ensure neutrality of consumers' judgement of the sponsored non‐profit organization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why Eco‐labels can be Effective Marketing Tools: Evidence from a Study on Italian Consumers

An emerging topic in environmental management studies is the role of eco‐labels in guiding consumers in their purchasing choices. In order to contribute to the current debate on this topic, this research paper aims to assess, through a quantitative analysis, whether the knowledge, awareness and information that consumers gather on the environmental impact of a product through an eco‐label can stimulate an eco‐friendly behavior. Moreover, we assess whether general attitudes in purchasing behaviors determine a personal attitude toward ecological consumption. The findings from this study, which is based on a large dataset of Italian consumers, highlight a significant role of eco‐labels in increasing the consumer's perceived behavioral control, unlike loyalty in brand and in store, which do not exert a significant influence. Practical implications for green business strategies emerge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Effectiveness of cause‐related marketing for differential positioning of market entrant in developing market: An exploratory study in Indian context

Cause‐related marketing is being increasingly used for forging strong relation between the brand and the customer. It is primarily being used by the well‐established brands to further strengthen their position in the market as it leads to a positive image of the brand, and customers are more receptive towards such brands because they tend to provide them with tangible as well as intangible benefits. This study tends to identify the effectiveness of cause‐related marketing as a marketing tool for newly launched products in developing market of India, which has so far remained a less explored area. A sample of 150 consumers was taken, and case studies were undertaken for validating these findings. The findings suggest that cause‐related marketing campaigns, even at early stages of brand development, can lead to customer trial and differential positioning thus providing these new entrants with an opportunity to interact with the customers. The proposed framework can provide useful insights to brand managers to design cause‐related marketing campaigns for newly launched brands. The results and findings have been deduced from real‐time market research, and it can help in furthering research in the field of cause‐related marketing in India and other developing economies with similar market conditions.     

Consumers' processing of mindful commercial car sharing

Commercial car sharing offers a form of market‐mediated, access‐based consumption with a markedly lower impact on the natural environment than that of car ownership. Consumers adopting such alternative transportation modes are manifesting a marketplace behavior that can be said to be mindful because of the innovative and sustainable nature of car sharing. This study employs behavioral reasoning theory to examine how consumers' value orientations, as well as reasons for and against car sharing, might be used in consumers' processing of mindful commercial car‐sharing adoption. Findings suggest that subjective norms (thoughts of important others for consumers, such as co‐workers) serve an important mediating role for both consumers' value orientations and reasons for car sharing in their relationship with car‐sharing behavior. These results provide marketing researchers important knowledge about green consumption and suggest that practitioners would do well to emphasize the social dimension when marketing environmentally oriented services, such as car sharing.     

奇瑞汽车品牌形象提升对策

奇瑞汽车经过十余年发展,成为自主品牌的领军企业。奇瑞现在的发展战略转到提高质量、提升品牌的阶段,推出了中高端得瑞麒和威麟品牌。品牌的核心是品牌资产,外在重要表现是品牌形象。奇瑞要提升品牌,不可忽视的一个方面就是要提高品牌形象。借助贝尔模型,从公司自身形象、使用者形象、产品形象三个方面,运用比较的方法分析了奇瑞品牌形象上存在的不足最后针对不足,提出了发展对策。     

Sustainable development: The effects of environmental policy disclosure in advertising

Sustainable development is a key issue for society. Beside corporate's efforts, consumers should have responsibilities for environmental protection and consider sustainable coexistences between future generations and natural ecosystems. In this study, a 4 × 2 factorial between‐subject experiment is adopted to develop eight environmental policy disclosure scenarios based on different environmental advertising claims (product orientation, process orientation, image orientation, and environmental fact) and eco‐labels (available/unavailable) to explore the effect of consumer attitudes and behaviors. This study's results show that environmental advertising claims have significant effects on consumers' attitudes. The product, process, and image orientation advertising, along with advertising with eco‐labels, can induce more positive attitudes and stronger purchase intentions. Individuals with greater environmental concerns have a significant positive attitude toward environmental advertising. Consumer attitudes toward environmental advertising also have positive effects on purchase intentions and sustainable consumption behaviors. Finally, this study offers useful findings, practical implications, and insights.     

Stakeholders' Engagement in Promoting Sustainable Development: Businesses and Urban Forest Carbon

To better understand how businesses' motivation and support for green projects varies by their organizational objectives and characteristics, this study investigates a case of urban forestry carbon credits in a broader context of climate change mitigation efforts. Companies and organizations currently participating in the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) were surveyed regarding their perception of consumers' concerns with climate change, attitudes toward government regulations, factors important to their emission management decisions, and their interest in buying and paying premiums for carbon credits sourced from urban forestry. Statistical analysis of the responses reveals noticeable differences among various types of business organizations. The findings are useful for understanding how businesses respond to different kinds of green products and will help in the development of green product markets. Finally, the results will help in developing effective environmental policies that respond well to businesses' objectives and preferences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

God and green: Investigating the impact of religiousness on green marketing

As the population increases, more people are now aware of the impact of their consumption on the natural environment. Nonetheless, 1 important factor that is often neglected is religiousness. Studies of the impact of religiousness on individual behavior have become increasingly important because the majority of the world population belongs to 1 of the major world religions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of consumers' religiousness toward proenvironmental identity, attitudes toward environmental issues, and subjective norms about the environment. Subsequently, this study investigates the impact of these variables on purchase intention of green products. Using sampling from Indonesia (n = 649), which has the largest Muslim population, the results show significant differences between religions. In general, similar findings were found in both samples of Muslim and Christian consumers, where intrinsic religiousness has a positive impact on proenvironmental identity, attitudes towards environmental issues, and subjective norms about the environment. The study also found that the 3 variables (proenvironmental identity, attitudes towards environmental issues, and subjective norms) are positive determinants of intention to purchase green products. Nevertheless, the role of extrinsic religiousness is different for the 2 samples. Extrinsic religiousness is negatively related to attitude towards environmental issues for Muslim consumers, where it has a positive influence on proenvironmental identity among Christian consumers. The results of this study have significant implications not only to managers but also religious leaders on how to encourage more positive attitudes toward the environment.     

老字号品牌资产五维度探析——基于Aaker理论

作为曾经的强势品牌,老字号品牌资产流失严重,在老字号品牌资产的五个维度中:忠诚顾客偏少、趋于老化但相对牢固;品质认知度和美誉度较高;品牌联想中历史文化联想丰富而现代联想不足;知名度则限于老顾客且区域性较强,在新顾客中知名度较低;市场行为方面,市场份额低,营销能力薄弱。     

品牌资产与公司绩效间的关系研究——以郑州市五星级酒店和快餐连锁店为例

企业品牌资产尤其是"以顾客为基础的品牌资产",对公司绩效的影响越来越显著。品牌忠诚度、感知质量、品牌意识以及品牌形象是其重要组成部分;并且还与公司绩效之间存在积极的正相关关系。而四个维度与不同类型(五星级酒店和快餐连锁店)公司绩效之间的关系并不完全相同。     

可持续性品牌资产模型研究

本文总结了以往品牌资产理论,并分析了各自的适用性以及优缺点。并在此基础上,结合我国市场情况,提出了可持续性品牌资产模型,以增强我国品牌的核心竞争能力以及持续发展能力。     

Determinants of price mark‐up tolerance for green electricity – lessons for environmental marketing strategies from a study of residential electricity customers in Germany

This paper develops hypotheses on the effects of various attitudinal and perceptual variables as well as socio‐demographic characteristics of residential electricity customers on an individual's willingness to pay a mark‐up for electricity generated from renewable energy sources compared with the price due for electricity from conventional sources. The hypotheses are tested with data from a standardized telephone survey of 238 household electricity consumers in Germany. 53.4% of the participants are willing to pay a mark‐up for green electricity. 26.1% report a price tolerance equal to a 5–10% increase in their current electricity bill. Binary logistic and ordinal regression analyses indicate that price tolerance for green electricity is particularly influenced by attitudes (1) towards environmental issues and (2) towards one's current power supplier, (3) perceptions of the evaluation of green energy by an individual's social reference groups, (4) household size and (5) current electricity bill level. The findings are used to derive suggestions for energy related informational activities of public institutions, green marketing strategies of energy companies and future consumer research regarding demand for pro‐environmental goods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

基于品牌延伸的品牌复兴研究——对中华老字号的探讨

品牌延伸作为品牌资产撬动与增值的有效方式,近10年来成为学界和商界的热点。本文从品牌宽度与定位维度,研究其延伸能力及反馈效应,以国人熟悉的中华老字号为刺激物进行不同宽度与定位品牌远近延伸的2×3组间实验,通过ANOVA方差和通径分析,得出品类单一且声望高品牌以产品契合度高的近延伸、品类多而功能强的品牌以产品契合度低的远延伸为品牌复兴佳径,各类横向品牌延伸方式都直接与间接交替影响着品牌,品牌延伸是品牌复兴及发展的重要途径等结论。