当前区局信息化建设中存在的问题及对策

当前,加强税收信息化建设是大势所趋.信息化建设的目的是运用信息化手段,提高税收征管过程中的税收信息化程度,充分发挥信息和网络技术在税收征管各业务环节的作用,提高税收征管效率,丰富和完善＂以计算机网络为依托＂的税收征管模式.本文主要分析了我国当前税务部门信息化建设现状,阐述了其中存在的问题和不足,以提高我们对国税信息化建设问题的了解和重视,最后探讨提出了加快我国信息化建设的对策,才能建立起信息化和规范化的税务征收体系.     

借鉴美国经验 完善我国个人所得税征管

本文介绍了美国个人所得税征管制度中的纳税服务、税务代理、双向申报制度及信息化建设等方面的经验,指出我国个人所得税征管过程中存在的不足,借鉴美国经验,对进一步完善我国个人所得税征管制度、优化征管水平提出了相关建议。     

浅析基于信息化元素的个人所得税管理

以信息化为依托,强化税收征管,完善全员全额个人所得税的管理机制,提高对依法纳税全程的监控管理水平,对高校的发展意义重大。面对新形势下的新需求,传统的个人所得税管理系统已阻碍了信息化建设前进的步伐。本文提出了新的工作思路和若干智能化、精细化、可视化、可行化、信息化的举措,以求达到依法纳税管理工作的全面落实和内控监督,推进高校全员全额个人所得税管理的信息化建设。     

个人所得税征管信息凸显性与纳税遵从关系的实证分析北大核心CSSCI

本文基于心理学和行为经济学理论,考察了个人所得税征管信息凸显性对个人所得税纳税遵从的影响。研究发现,高度凸显的税收惩罚力度信息、社会纳税风尚信息和税收信用惩罚信息显著地提高了个人所得税纳税遵从度。此外,通过个人所得税征管信息凸显性与个人所得税纳税遵从关系的异质性分析发现,不同税收信息容量和信息处理能力的纳税人均显著地提高了纳税遵从度,这说明我国纳税人对个人所得税惩罚力度、社会纳税风尚和纳税信用惩罚信息的认知程度整体偏低。鉴于此,为了建立面向自然人的税收征管体系,税务部门可以改变宣传方式,提高税收征管信息的凸显性和纳税人认知水平。     

基于当前形势对我国个人所得税征管问题的探讨

本文以我国个人所得税改革为背景,阐述了个人所得税管理面临的现状和问题,简要介绍了我国的个人所得税征收模式,结合税收征管形势的变化,主要就如何加强个人所得税征收管理问题提出了相关建议,为提升个人所得税征管质效和水平、推动我国社会经济发展提供参考。     

我国个人所得税征管问题研究

本文针对个人所得税税收流失严重的现象,从多方面深入分析了个人所得税征管存在的问题,同时提出了对个人所得税征管的基本思路。     

美国个人所得税征管制度的特点

本文以美国的个人所得税征管制度为研究对象,分析了其显著特点,并通过与美国的比较,分析了我国个人所得税征管的难点,即我国个人所得税征管的信息化程度比较低,无法全面准确地获取纳税人的信息并进行有效的监管。为提高我国个人所得税征管水平,文章提出了建立5个个人所得税信息管理系统的建议。     

泉州市外籍个人所得税征管现状与思考

1996年，涉外税收征管范围调速之后，外籍个人所得税划归地方税5务局征收管理。几年来，外籍个人所得税收入以10％的平均速度递增，但实际上，由于税法规定还不完善，征管手段相对落后，以及我国的信用制度尚不发达等原因，现存的大量现金交易无法监控，大量的个人所得税尤其是外籍个人所得税游离于征管体系之处。本拟通过对泉州市外籍个人所得税征管现状分析，对如何提高外籍个人所得税征管平进行探讨。     

关于完善税收信息化建设的思考

税收信息化建设的最根本目标就是要不断提高税收征管过程的信息化程度,充分发挥税收信息和网络技术在税收征管各业务环节的作用,以提高税收征管运行速度和税收管理效率。因此,税收信息化建设的重点应放在充分运用现代信息技术,克服和解决税收征管过程中存在的一些突出问题上,通过建立科学、完善的税收信息化体系,强化税收征管模式的合理内核,从而构建信息化支持下的征管新格局,实现税收现代化。     

试论对偷逃个人所得税的防范

目前我国偷逃个人所得税问题比较突出的原因既有税制方面的,也有征管方面的.为有效解决该问题,个人所得税制要从分类课征制过渡到综合课征制,同时加强个人所得税征管的基础工作,建立健全个人信用体系,加强个人所得税的信息化建设,建立涉及个人收入的约束和激励机制.     

Tax structure,size of government,and the extension of the voting franchise in Western Europe, 1860–1938

We study the consequences of the extension of the voting franchise for the size of (central) government and for the tax structure in ten western European countries, 1860–1938. The main hypothesis under investigation is that the impact of the franchise extension on the tax structure is conditional on tax collection costs. We find that the share of direct taxes (including the personal income tax) is positively affected by the franchise extension, but only if relative tax collection costs are below a given threshold. We use literacy as a proxy for the cost of levying a broad-based income tax. We also show that the gradual relaxation of income and wealth restrictions on the right to vote contributed to growth in total government spending and taxation.      

Gender-based and couple-based taxation

In this paper, I explore the optimal taxation of singles and couples in an economy with bargaining couples. The government is concerned with the redistribution of income from individuals with high utility to individuals with low utility, recognizing that some individuals live in couple households where resources are unevenly distributed. I analyze how redistributive linear income taxes, which depend on either gender or household composition (or both) impact the distribution of utility within and across households. An interesting implication arising from the interaction between the model elements is that even though between-group lump-sum transfers always favor women, when the bargaining power of men is high, women are subject to a higher tax rate; this in contrast to previous analyses of gender-based taxation. My quantitative analysis demonstrates that the welfare effects of gender-based taxation are sizable and even larger when taxes depend on the composition of the household.     

Some Implications of Changing the Tax Basis for Pension Funds

Governments in many developed economies provide private pension plans with significant taxation incentives. However, as many retirement income systems are now being reviewed due to demographic, social and economic pressures, these taxation arrangements are also under scrutiny. This paper discusses some of the implications of the differences between the traditional taxation treatment adopted by most OECD nations and that adopted by Australia, where there is a tax on contributions, a tax on investment earnings and a tax on benefits. The results show that there are significant differences in the net value of the benefits received by individuals and the taxation revenue received by the government. On the other hand, it is shown that there is remarkably little to distinguish between the two tax structures in terms of summary measures of lifetime income, although the form in which the benefit is taken in retirement is significant in influencing intragenerational equity.     

Tax Setting in a Federal System: The Case of Personal Income Taxation in Canada

In a decentralised tax system, the effects of tax policies enacted by one government are not confined to its own jurisdiction. First, if both the regional and the federal levels of government co-occupy the same fields of taxation, tax rate increases by one layer of government will reduce taxes collected by the other. Second, if the tax base is mobile, tax rate increases by one regional government will raise the amount of taxes collected by other regional governments. These sources of fiscal interdependence are called in the literature vertical and horizontal tax externalities, respectively. Third, as Smart (1998) shows, if equalisation transfers are present, an increase in the standard equalisation tax rate provides incentives to raise taxes to the receiving provinces. A way to check the empirical relevance of these hypotheses is to test for the existence of interactions between the regional tax rate, on the one hand, and the federal tax rate, the tax rate set by competing regions, and the standard equalisation tax rate, on the other hand. Following this approach, this paper estimates provincial tax setting functions with data on Canadian personal income taxation for the period 1982–1996. We find a significant positive response of provincial tax rates to changes in the federal income tax rate, the tax rates of competing provinces, and the standard equalisation rate (only for receiving provinces). We also find that the reaction to horizontal competition is stronger in the provinces that do not receive equalisation transfers.     

发达国家境外所得征税制度的发展趋势

发达国家境外所得征税制度的发展表现出的趋势,对我国境外所得征税制度的改革和完善具有十分重要的意义。借鉴发达国家的经验,我国应逐步推动属人税制向属地税制的转化,将境外所得分为积极所得和消极所得,对积极所得实行属地税制,对消极所得实行全球税制。     

Optimal Fiscal Policy with Consumption Taxation

We characterize optimal fiscal policies in a general equilibrium model with monopolistic competition and endogenous public spending. The government can tax consumption, as alternative to labor income taxes. Consumption taxation acts as indirect taxation of profits (intratemporal gains of taxing consumption) and enables the policymaker to manage the burden of public debt more efficiently (intertemporal gains of taxing consumption). We show analytically that these two gains imply that the optimal share of government spending is higher under consumption taxation than with labor income taxation. Then, we quantify numerically each of these gains by calibrating the model on the U.S. economy.     

优化我国劳务所得课税 促进居民收入分配公平

目前,我国对劳务所得的课税项目分散、同类所得税负不同、税负普遍较重,已构成我国收入分配差距过大的诱因之一。基于此,本文借鉴西方发达国家对劳务课税的先进经验,从课税范围、费用扣除标准和税率设计等方面提出了完善我国劳务所得税制设计的政策建议。     

Neutral Taxation of Shareholder Income

A Norwegian tax reform committee recently proposed a personal tax on the realized income from shares after deduction for an imputed risk-free rate of return. This paper describes the design of the proposed shareholder income tax and shows that it will be neutral with respect to investment and financing decisions and decisions to realize capital gains, provided that full loss offsets are granted. Thus the tax allows some non-distortionary double taxation of corporate equity income. With an appropriate choice of tax rates, it also solves the problem of income shifting under a dual income tax. JEL Code: H24, H25     

From the global income tax to the dual income tax: Recent tax reforms in the Nordic countries

The paper discusses the recent drive toward a system of dual income taxation (DIT) in the Nordic countries. The pure version of this system combines progressive taxation of labor and transfer incomes with a proportional tax on income from capital at a level equal to the corporate income tax rate. The paper considers the motives for the introduction of this new income tax system, ranging from abstract theoretical arguments to very pragmatic considerations. While the Nordic DIT system violates the principles of the conventional personal income tax, it is argued that it may in fact be more in line with the philosophy of a true Haig-Simons comprehensive income tax. It is also suggested that the DIT system may cause fewer distortions to resource allocation than the conventional income tax. On the debit side, the paper points out several practical problems of taxing income from small enterprises under the differentiated income tax.     

A hybrid consumption-based direct tax proposed for Bolivia

In 1994 the authors designed a consumption-based direct tax for the government of Bolivia. The proposal combined yield exemption treatment (exemption of interest income and no deduction for interest expense) of individuals with consumed income tax treatment (taxation or deduction of the net proceeds of borrowing and lending, as well as interest income and expense) of business. This article explains why taxation based on cash flow has administrative and economic advantages over a conventional income tax and why the hybrid system proposed is preferable to either pure form of consumption-based tax.