A study of follower's personality,implicit leadership perceptions,and leadership ratings

This research was designed to test the theoretical relationship between personality, implicit leadership, and leadership style suggested in past studies. Specifically, it was designed to link traits from the five‐factor model of personality (the Big Five), by utilizing the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), to a follower's perception of the leadership style of George W. Bush, based on Bass and Avolio's (1997) MLQ5X. A voluntary sample was taken consisting of undergraduate and graduate students from three universities in southern Texas in 2006, with a sample size of N = 303. Respondents who scored high in neuroticism rated the leader as less transformational than those who did not. Also, the ancillary variable good leadership had a positive effect on the respondent's ratings of the leader as a transformational leader, and as a less passive leader, than subjects who did not rate the leader as being a good leader. There was a significant relationship found between respondents' political party affiliation and their transformational and passive leadership ratings. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the Obama versus McCain presidential race.     

Market efficiency, discount-rate changes, and stock returns: A long-term perspective

This paper examines the market efficiency issue by analyzing stock returns surrounding Fed announcements of discount-rate changes. Based on an analysis ofex post returns over a 58-year period, the results provide evidence of long-term market efficiency. Consistent with recent literature, the findings also reveal some predictability in return patterns where an active trading strategy based on directional reversals in the pattern of discount rate changes outperforms a passive buy-and-hold approach. The results indicate that the proposed active trading produces substantially higher risk-adjusted returns than the buy-and-hold strategy.     

Gender‐Biased Breastfeeding in Egypt: Examining the Fertility Preference Hypotheses of Jayachandran and Kuziemko (2011)

Jayachandran and Kuziemko (Why do mothers breastfeed girls less than boys? Evidence and implications for child health in India. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2011; 126 (3): 1485–1538) develop and empirically validate a theory showing son preference in India generates ‘passive’ parental bias against girls in breastfeeding due to gender‐differentiated birth spacing and fertility stopping. I scientifically replicate their empirical exercises to test the validity of the theory in Egypt, where there is also high prevailing son preference, but little research on its implications for child health investments. I additionally examine whether using the exclusive breastfeeding rate as an alternative outcome yields supportive evidence for the theory. I find the theory is strongly supported by empirical results from Egyptian data, bolstering its policy relevance for developing countries besides India. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Choosing strategic responses to address emerging environmental regulations: size,perceived influence and uncertainty

How companies respond to impending regulations is a significant aspect of corporate strategy. Regulations, especially environmental regulations, are expanding quickly and increasingly important to firm success. The threat of impending environmental regulation forces companies to choose levels of strategic responses on a continuum from passive to active. Using practitioner oriented research and existing theoretical models of corporate response, this study finds that the type of strategic response is negatively related to size, positively related to state uncertainty and negatively related to effect/response uncertainty. Based on existing literature and the results of this study, the paper suggests that simplifying the uncertainty construct could lead to more definitive findings in future research. The study results also suggest that a curvilinear relationship may exist between managerial perception of influence and level of strategic response. Most importantly, the findings could have a significant impact on firm decision making regarding environmental investments. For example, it is hoped that firms will be able to use the findings of this study to further understand and anticipate their competitors' decisions. Practitioners may also benefit from the conclusions on uncertainty in that they may be able to more cleanly parse the types of uncertainty immersed in impending environmental regulations. Finally, firms may be better able to understand decisions by their own managers and their competitors' managers in terms of their perceived influence over the regulatory process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

城市街道被动休闲空间的研究

本文提出了被动休闲的概念,通过对城市街道的分析,得出了城市街道被动休闲空间的设计原则和如何营造城市街道被动休闲空间,以达到为人们的被动休闲提供一个更好的空间。     

河北省被动式建筑发展的SWOT分析及策略研究

论文对河北省被动式建筑的发展现状进行了梳理总结,在此基础上采用SWOT分析法,对河北省被动式建筑发展所面临的优势、劣势、机会与威胁进行了系统分析,并提出了推动被动式建筑在河北省应用和发展的相应策略,为促进河北省被动式建筑的发展建言献策。     

Price versus quantity in a duopoly with network externalities under active and passive expectations

This study examines the endogenous choice of strategic contracts in a duopoly composed of firms that produce goods with network externalities with some sort of compatibility. We adopt two types of expectations—active and passive—as consumers' expectations for each firm's equilibrium market share. In addition, we take into account the managerial case and entrepreneurial case with and without separation between ownership and management, as firms' internal structures. We derive the properties in the Cournot competition and the Bertrand competition as the equilibrium market structures under both passive and active expectations under imperfectly compatibility of networks.     

How does HFT activity impact market volatility and the bid-ask spread after an exogenous shock? An empirical analysis on S&P 500 ETF

In this paper, we empirically analyse infra-second datasets of the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (specifically, the ETF of the S&P 500 exchanged on BATS, named SPY.Z) in order to explain how high-frequency trading (HFT) activities (aggressive and passive) impact market volatility and the bid-ask spread before and after an exogenous shock (i.e., the 2016 US presidential election). Using SPDR S&P 500 ETF datasets as a proxy for the market on regular volume trading days (November 3, 2016) and on high-volume trading days (November 9, 2016), we show that HFT, on average, has a disturbing action mainly on regular volume trading days, whereas on high-volume trading days, it appears to have a stabilizing effect by balancing both the volatility and bid-ask spread. That is, HFT as a whole has a more neutral impact on the market’s volatility and bid-ask spread than the single aggressive and passive components. In fact, aggressive HFT has a consistent negative effect that increases, on average, both the volatility and bid-ask spread, whereas passive HFT displays a positive effect that decreases, on average, the volatility and bid-ask spread.     

英语主动语态与被动语态语篇功能的比较

主动语态和被动语态具有不同的句式结构,在语篇中选择主动语态还是选择被动语态必然会带来不同的结果。本文简要比较和分析一下英语主动语态与被动语态语篇功能。     

城市中低收入者的被动郊区化

旨在对被动郊区化现象进行探讨,提出了被动郊区化的概念以及回顾了其发展状况;重点分析了我国当前中低收入者被动郊区化的成因,主要包括城市空间扩张、城市土地功能置换、大规模保障性住房建设三个方面;总结了被动郊区化可能带来的影响,即原有社区的解体,同质住区的分异等;最后提出了调控中低收入者被动郊区化的对策和措施。     

巧用竖式学习被动语态

被动语态是英语中一个重要的语法项目,而各个时态的被动语态却是学生学习中的一个难点。笔者利用了知识的正迁移,将数学中的竖式巧妙地应用于各个时态被动语态的学习之中,使学生能够轻松牢固地学习并掌握各个时态的被动语态。     

Prosumer's commitment model: The case of a biodiesel cooperative

Consumers are becoming more aware of their role in the propagation of environmental issues, the transition from passive consumer to prosumer is emerging, and it is of interest to know the commitment factors that leads the biodiesel prosumer to act in favor of an organization which they belong in order to achieve one goal in common and contribute to local sustainable development. In this research, the prosumer is the one who participates as a member and consumer of a biodiesel cooperative. The prosumer's commitment is made up of two components: (i) nonactive or affective, identification with the organization, and (ii) active or participatory, action towards certain goals. The objectives of the investigation are to evaluate the biodiesel prosumer's commitment and know its causes and effects. The hypotheses on the causes and results of the prosumer's commitment are postulated in a structural equation model (SEM), whose theoretical basis corresponds to the double role of the prosumer: member and client of the cooperative. The SEM is evaluated from the perspective of the prosumer based on mixed methodology and partial least square (PLS). The proposed SEM explains 78% (R² = 0.78) of the variability of the contribution of the biodiesel cooperative to local sustainable development, where this contribution is directly and significantly impacted by the two components of the commitment. This case study identifies dimensions that lead the biodiesel prosumer to commit in the cocreation and consumption of renewable fuel, which gives more opportunities for long-term survival of this initiative in a competitive market.     

被动城市化进程中失地农民安置现状调查——以厦门“金包银”工程为例

以厦门市2005年以来为解决失地农民安置而实施的"金包银"工程为例,通过实地调研其发展现状,探讨被动城市化进程中失地农民的安置问题。研究发现,"工有其业"已成为被动城市化进程中解决失地农民安置问题的真正难点,尚需更多综合有效的配套措施,以帮助失地农民积累起能够在城市生存与生活下去的资本,最终真正融入城市生活。     

浅谈《金瓶梅》中“被”字句的语用分析

本文以三个平面语法理论中语用平面的相关理论为指导,对《金瓶梅》中的"被"字句从语用意义、语用省略、某些特殊"被"字句的语用考察等三个方面作一些语用方面的考察。     

被动土压力的影响因素分析

阐述了土压力计算方法中应注意的若干问题,并讨论了各种主要因素对被动土压力的影响,可为工程设计人员提供参考,在施工中保证挡土墙的安全、可靠度具有重要意义。     

混合控制隔振方法在船舶振动类课程中的应用

船舶主辅机的振动控制是热门课题,在振动类课程的教学中讲授的主要是被动隔振控制方法,本文介绍混合控制方法在船舶辅机振动课程中的应用,分析混合控制方法在双层隔振系统中的隔振效果,比较混合控制和被动控制的传递率曲线。结果表明:双层隔振系统采用混合控制方法明显优于被动隔振系统的隔振效果,丰富了振动类课程中的隔振方法讲授。     

积极风险回避与消极风险回避的比较分析

本文分析了风险回避策略作为风险处理方式的优点和缺点,并从感受器、加工器以及记性系统三个方面对积极风险回避策略和消极的风险回避策略进行了比较分析。     

It is not just about paying your dues: Impact of generational cohort on active and passive union participation

The lack of a validated measure of active–passive union participation and a dearth of research into the relationship between generational cohort and union participation challenge union leaders to develop policies and practices to facilitate union renewal. We address these issues by (a) developing a multidimensional measure of union participation that captures both active and passive components, (b) using structural equation modelling to validate the measure within a nomological framework, and (c) investigating the impact of generational cohort on all paths in our framework. Data from members of a large American union confirm that generational cohort influences how union members participate in their union. The two‐factor measure developed in this study facilitates research into antecedents and outcomes of passive and active union participation. Our findings should also prove useful to unions seeking to increase participation within their membership, academics researching unions and generational cohort, and human resource practitioners operating in unionised environments.     

我国载货汽车后下部防护标准探讨

后下部防护装置作为载货汽车重要的被动安全系统,其安全性受到人们的广泛关注。国家标准GB 11567-2017《汽车及挂车侧面和后下部防护要求》于2018年1月正式实施。本文通过对该标准的解读,与旧版标准的对比,并结合实际检测中的经验,指出后下部防护标准的发展趋势,希望能对后下部防护装置供应商和车企提供一定的帮助。     

中港文化差异在软件企业表现及对策

香港软件企业在大陆设置软件中心(营运部门)的越来越多。在这些港资软件企业中,由于中港文化差异所引起的冲突越来越多。本论文研究了在该类企业中最常见的文化差异,并提供了相应的解决对策。