中华经济圈的货币合作与汇率协调

两岸三地进行货币合作可进一步扩大区内贸易、降低交易成本和减少外汇储备.两岸三地在失业率、通货膨胀率、财政赤字、公共债务、货币供给等方面具有相关性和趋同现象.区内货币汇率具有相同的波动趋势,为中华经济圈的货币合作和汇率协调奠定了经济基础.     

The Intertemporal Relationship Between the Currency Spot Market and the Currency Option Market

This study examines the lead/lag relationship between currency option and currency spot markets for the Deutsche mark and the Japanese yen. Using intraday currency option transactions data for the year 1989 and applying a European type currency option pricing model, pair data series of the implied and the observed exchange rates are compiled. Causality tests are then employed to test the causal relation between the observed and the implied exchange rate changes. The results indicate that the currency spot market leads the currency option market by about ninety minutes.     

人民币汇率波动对我国与东亚地区双边贸易影响的实证研究

国际金融危机过程中,东亚部分国家和地区货币竞相贬值以促进出口的做法使得国内要求人民币贬值的呼声甚高。实证结果表明,中国与东亚地区收入水平差距、市场经济化程度以及商品价格水平拉大将导致双边贸易收支的扩大,而人民币相对汇率的升值将缩小中国与东亚地区的双边贸易收支。与此同时．人民币汇率波动对中国与东亚地区贸易收支的影响还存在着国别（地区）效应。对于中国而言,在努力扩大出口的同时应兼顾国家发展战略,坚持产业升级、慎用货币贬值措施,并应通过多次、小幅升值的方式保持人民币的强势地位。     

Evaluation of Black-Scholes and GARCH Models Using Currency Call Options Data

This paper empirically examines the performance of Black-Scholes and Garch-M call option pricing models using call options data for British Pounds, Swiss Francs and Japanese Yen. The daily exchange rates exhibit an overwhelming presence of volatility clustering, suggesting that a richer model with ARCH/GARCH effects might have a better fit with actual prices. We perform dominant tests and calculate average percent mean squared errors of model prices. Our findings indicate that the Black-Scholes model outperforms the GARCH models. An implication of this result is that participants in the currency call options market do not seem to price volatility clusters in the underlying process.     

Maturity Effect on Bid-Ask Spreads of OTC Currency Options

The paper ascertains the relation between bid-ask spreads and the contract maturity of OTC currency options. Contrary to previous findings in the futures market, spreads of currency options are found to be negatively related to the contract's term-to-maturity. The negative relation persists even after controlling for the effects of price risks, competition, and trading activity. The pronounced differences in the term-to-maturity results are attributable to the market risk effect and differences in the market structure of options and futures markets.     

人民币汇率与世界经济平衡分析

金融危机后,世界经济再平衡成为世界各国关注的问题,近来美国把中美贸易失衡归咎于中国汇率低估,使得人民币升值则成为世界经济的焦点问题。本文分析认为单纯依靠人民币汇率升值并不能改善美中贸易逆差,达到世界经济再平衡的目标,反而会给世界经济的复苏进程造成负面影响,并且不利于低收入国家的经济发展。全球经济再平衡需要各国调整产业、储蓄、消费等经济结构。     

汇率风险与中国出口贸易的动态关系

应用GARCH模型、自回归分布滞后模型和Johansen协整检验,实证分析汇率风险与中国出口贸易的动态关系。结果显示:中国实际有效汇率变动率存在着异方差;实际有效汇率的变动对出口存在较明显的J曲线效应;GARCH模型估计的随时间变动的汇率风险对出口的影响存在着滞后效应;汇率风险在短期内对出口的影响不确定,长期的影响为负。因此,中国在制定出口贸易政策时,应考虑到J曲线效应并保持汇率的稳定性。     

人民币汇率波动与中日贸易

金融危机使人民币汇率存在着较大的不确定性和波动性,对中日贸易产生着重要影响。通过建立中日贸易模型的实证研究,结果表明中国对日出口收入效应较强,从日进口收入效应较弱;对日出口价格效应极强,从日进口价格效应较弱;对日出口汇率波动效应较强,从日进口汇率波动效应不存在。因此,若人民币持续升值,汇率波动日益增强,中国经济将会受到严重冲击。故中国政府应暂缓人民币升值,放缓人民币汇率形成机制改革的步伐。     

改革中汇率对国际贸易作用的机理分析

理论界对人民币汇率水平是否对我国国际贸易发挥关键作用有不同的看法,但在1994年汇率改革后,我国的国际贸易迅速发展却是不争的事实。2005年7月21日我国根据现状,又进行了一次汇率改革。为明确此次改革中汇率对我国国际贸易的传导效应,本文应用计量经济法,比较改革前后进出口额等的变化,对我国汇率与进出口额等之间的影响关系进行实证分析。     

Sequential American Exchange Property Options

Property development activities often occur in stages, which are appropriately modeled as sequential American exchange property options, where there are interim expenditures required in order to keep the property development options “alive”. Normally American exchange options require a numerical solution, but herein there is a new closed-form approximate solution, which is computationally efficient and accurate. This method combines repeats of Margrabe European exchange and Geske compound option solutions with tight upper boundaries of either American perpetuities or European exchange options with a high volatility. Illustrations are provided of the sensitivity of the real sequential options and optimal timing to changes in several parameters, which provide a framework for property policy (tax, subsidy and regulatory) guidelines and for property development strategy evaluation. There are several plausible applications of these real option models in commercial and residential property development, within commercial property leases, with regard to switching tenants, and agricultural alternatives.     

The Informational Role of Option Trading Volume in Equity Index Options Markets

This paper examines the dynamic relations between future price volatility of the S&P 500 index and trading volume of S&P 500 options to explore the informational role of option volume in predicting the price volatility. The future volatility of the index is approximated alternatively by implied volatility and by EGARCH volatility. Using a simultaneous equation model to capture the volume-volatility relations, the paper finds that strong contemporaneous feedbacks exist between the future price volatility and the trading volume of call and put options. Previous option volumes have a strong predictive ability with respect to the future price volatility. Similarly, lagged changes in volatility have a significant predictive power for option volume. Although the volume-volatility relations for individual volatility and volume terms are somewhat different under the two volatility measures, the results on the predictive ability of volume (volatility) for volatility (volume) are broadly similar between the implied and EGARCH volatilities. These findings support the hypothesis that both the information- and hedge-related trading explain most of the trading volume of equity index options.     

跨境贸易人民币结算量与货币供应量、汇率波动互动关系

通过构建向量自回归模型（VAR）的方法,对我国跨境贸易人民币结算波动、进出口贸易总额波动、汇率波动之间的动态关系进行研究,试图揭示其三者之间存在的相互关系。研究结果显示：货币供应量波动、汇率波动于跨境贸易人民币结算量波动之间存在长期稳定均衡关系。长期内,汇率波动对跨境贸易人民币结算量波动具有正向促进作用;货币供应量波动对其具有反向促进作用。格兰杰因果关系显示跨境贸易人民币结算量波动是汇率波动的单向Granger原因,同时也是货币供应量波动单向Granger原因;汇率波动在是货币供应量波动的单向Granger原因。脉冲响应函数结果显示：跨境贸易人民币结算量波动对来自其自身冲击的响应在三种变量冲击中最为明显;货币供应量对来自其自身及其他变量的脉冲均有较为明显的响应;汇率对来自其自身冲击的响应在三种变量冲击中最为明显。     

Fiscal Discipline and Exchange Rate Arrangements: Evidence from the Caribbean

This paper assesses the nature of fiscal discipline under alternative exchange rate regimes. First, it shows that fiscal agencies under a currency union with a fixed exchange rate can have a larger incentive to overspend or "free ride" than those under other exchange rate regimes, owing to the agencies' ability to spread the costs of overspending in inflation tax across both time, given the fixed exchange rate, and space, given the currency union. In contrast, such free-riding behavior does not arise under flexible regimes owing to the immediate inflationary impact of spending. Next, empirically, fiscal stances in countries with fixed pegs and currency union regimes demonstrate greater free-riding behavior than do countries with more flexible regimes in fifteen Caribbean countries from 1983 to 2004.     

人民币汇率变动对我国通货膨胀的影响：汇率传递视角的研究

在开放经济条件下,汇率变动对一国通货膨胀水平的决定具有重要作用。本文利用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型研究了人民币汇率变动对以消费者价格指数(CPI)衡量的国内通货膨胀的传递效应。研究结果表明,人民币汇率变动对以CPI衡量的通货膨胀水平的传递是不完全的且存在明显的时滞,长期和短期汇率传递效应都很低;汇率变动对我国CPI的传递效应受食品价格冲击的影响非常大。本文的研究结论对于我国的汇率制度改革和货币政策实施等具有重要的启示意义。     

Exchange Rate Exposure,Foreign Currency Debt,and the Use of Derivatives: Evidence from Brazil

This paper studies the exchange rate exposure and its determinants for a sample of nonfinancial Brazilian companies from 1996 to 2006. The results indicate that the number of firms exposed to exchange rate fluctuations is higher in periods of crisis and under a fixed exchange rate regime. In addition, the results point out that, although companies' international activities, operational hedging, and financial policies are important determinants of firms' exposure, the changes in companies' exposure that took place when Brazil moved from a fixed to a floating exchange rate regime were mainly driven by changes in companies' foreign currency borrowing and the use of derivatives that occurred in that period.     

人民币汇率的中长期走势

近期人民币汇率贬值幅度较大,引起市场广泛关注。作为基本的宏观价格变量,汇率牵一发而动全身,不仅影响宏观经济走势,还通过国内外商品比价的变化影响经济结构。本文分析了人民币汇率变动原因及人民币贬值对经济的影响,估计了汇率的中长期走势。     

An Asymptotic Expansion Approach to Currency Options with a Market Model of Interest Rates under Stochastic Volatility Processes of Spot Exchange Rates

This paper proposes an asymptotic expansion scheme of currency options with a libor market model of interest rates and stochastic volatility models of spot exchange rates. In particular, we derive closed-form approximation formulas for the density functions of the underlying assets and for pricing currency options based on a third order asymptotic expansion scheme; we do not model a foreign exchange rate’s variance such as in Heston [(1993) The Review of Financial studies, 6, 327–343], but its volatility that follows a general time-inhomogeneous Markovian process. Further, the correlations among all the factors such as domestic and foreign interest rates, a spot foreign exchange rate and its volatility, are allowed. Finally, numerical examples are provided and the pricing formula are applied to the calibration of volatility surfaces in the JPY/USD option market.     

现行国际货币体系是危机的主要原因吗

本文分析了现行国际货币体系、国际收支失衡、汇率制度等与全球金融危机的关系,认为是各国实行的宏观调控和微观监管政策以及国际金融体系导致了危机。在现行国际货币体系下,国际收支失衡不会长期存在,浮动汇率制度有助于解决失衡问题。     

基于BEER模型的人民币均衡汇率研究

均衡汇率是进行汇率管理的关键概念。行为均衡汇率模型(BEER)从统计学意义上确定均衡汇率与基本经济因素之间的协整关系,可作为管理汇率和确认汇率失调的基础。本文运用BEER模型,采用1984年1季度-2005年4季度的季度数据对人民币均衡汇率进行了实证研究。研究结果显示:(1)贸易条件、劳动生率和净对外资产对均衡汇率具有正向作用,而广义货币供应量M2对均衡汇率具有负向作用;(2)人民币实际汇率出现过几次失调的时期,人民币实际汇率自我修正功能不强;(3)2005年7月21日的人民币汇率制度改革和汇率升值阻止了人民币实际汇率低估的扩大趋势。     

Remittances and Currency Crisis: The Case of Developing and Emerging Countries

Employing the first-generation currency crisis model of Flood and Garber (1984), I explore the financial effects of migrants' remittances on the economies of developing and emerging countries in a currency crisis. The model implies that remittances can contribute to a reduction in the likelihood of a currency crisis and appreciation in foreign exchange rates via the promotion of foreign exchange reserves. Panel estimation with twelve developing and emerging countries that previously experienced financial crises confirms the implications, suggesting that migrants' remittances can play a significant role in mitigating financial constraints and thus contribute to financial stability.