Jointness through vessel capacity input in a multispecies fishery

The success of regulations of multispecies fisheries may depend critically on understanding output dependencies correctly. An example is purse seine fisheries that target several species over the season but are specialized in the sense that each species are targeted individually. Such fisheries are typically modeled as either independent single species fisheries or using standard multispecies functional forms characterized by jointness in inputs. We argue that production of each species is essentially independent but that jointness may be caused by competition for fixed but allocable input of vessel capacity. We develop a fixed but allocatable input model of purse seine fisheries capturing this particular type of jointness. We estimate the model for the Norwegian purse seine fishery and find that it is characterized by nonjointness, while estimations for this fishery using the standard models imply jointness.     

Sport and Commercial Fishing Allocations for the Atlantic Salmon Fisheries of the Miramichi River

The Atlantic salmon has been harvested by both commercial and recreational fishers for many years on the river systems of the province of New Brunswick on Canada 's Atlantic coast. The commercial fisheries were closed and controls were placed on the recreational fisheries following the 1983 collapse of the salmon stocks. This management policy remains in effect. A preliminary analysis using a linear control model showed this to be an economically efficient harvest allocation policy on New Brunswick's Miramichi River. The analysis is extended to the more realistic nonlinear framework here to determine whether the harvest allocation decision would be significantly changed. Both fisheries are found to generate positive net economic benefits, although the recreational fishery is determined to be more valuable than the commercial fishery. Permanent closure of the commercial fishery is not indicated.     

北京市休闲渔业发展探究

休闲渔业发展对于我国渔业产业结构调整、渔业资源充分利用、促进农(渔)民增收等具有重要意义。本文从休闲渔业在我国的发展现状出发,从观赏鱼产业和休闲生活渔业等方面阐述了北京市休闲渔业的发展现状,并对其发展模式进行了归纳总结,同时提出北京市发展休闲渔业的五个创新模式:工厂化循环水——人工湿地科普养殖模式、工厂化循环水观赏鱼养殖休闲模式、工厂温流水休闲养殖模式、流水仿生养殖观光模式、设施渔业休闲综合模式。     

Bioeconomic analysis of protected area use in fisheries management*

Protected areas in fishery management have been suggested to hedge management failures and variation in harvests. In this paper, a stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery in the Manning Bioregion is used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery. The establishment of a protected area is analysed under the assumption of heterogenous environments that are linked via density-dependent or sink-source stock dispersal relationships. The sensitivity of the results to different degrees of management is also explored. The model is applied to the Ocean Prawn Trawl, and Ocean Trap and Line fisheries within Manning Bioregion in New South Wales, Australia. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and institutional characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery. It was found that protected area use in the Manning Bioregion is likely to have differing effects on the two fisheries examined, benefiting Ocean Trap and Line fishers but adversely affecting Ocean Prawn Trawl fishers. Overall, it is unlikely that protected area use will lead to an increase resource rent in the fishery.     

江苏渔业科技创新与推广体系的实证分析

渔业科技人户工程和基层渔业科技推广人员培训工程是近年来江苏加快现代渔业建设、大力推进渔业科技创新与推广体系建设的两大品牌工程。文章采用问卷调查与个别访谈相结合方法,实证分析了两大工程实施的成效,并对基层渔业科技推广人员的相关诉求信息进行了认真梳理与归纳总结。最后建议,要继续高度重视基层渔业科技推广人员的知识更新,加大资金投入,创新培训机制,调整充实培训内容,切实提高渔业科技培训成效;继续大力组织实施渔业科技人户工程,加强工程绩效管理,不断提高科技成果转化率和人户贡献率;加强基层水产技术推广队伍建设,不断提高履行公益性职能的能力。     

Multiple objectives and perceptions of optimal management: The Danish industrial fishery in the North Sea

Fisheries management involves many stakeholders with differentopinions about how the fishery should be optimally managed.This paper presents a multi-objective bio-economic model, whichis able to incorporate the preferences of managers and otherstakeholders. The model is a weighted goal programme coveringthe Danish industrial fishery. Economic, political and biologicalconcerns are considered simultaneously and, by applying thepreference structures of different stakeholders, it shows howthe optimally managed fishery would look from the perspectiveof managers and various interest groups. Managers, in this casethe Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, areprovided with a management tool that shows the consequencesof their preferences towards the objectives, and can be comparedwith optimal solutions as perceived by other stakeholders.     

GOAL PROGRAMMING AND MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING IN FARM PLANNING: AN EXPOSITORY ANALYSIS

Several paradigms can be used to analyse multiple-criteria decision-making problems. Of these goal programming is probably the most widely used one, at least in management science. Goal programming seems to offer considerable potential for application to multiple-criteria problems in farm planning. However, its applications in agricultural economics have been few and far between. Even these attempts seem to suffer from some serious misconceptions. In this paper an effort is made to explain the structure of a goal programming model by deriving it from the familiar paradigm of linear programming. This is done to put the potential usefulness of goal programming and its relationship to linear programming in perspective, and to encourage further applications to multiple-criteria decision-making in farm planning.     

山东省海洋休闲渔业发展模式探析

发展休闲渔业是促进渔民转产转业的主要途径,也是提高渔民收益、促进渔村发展的重要手段。论文对山东省海洋休闲渔业发展模式进行了初步总结,根据山东省各地休闲渔业发展方式及经营主体不同,休闲渔业的发展模式可划分为：个体经营模式、“渔户＋渔户”模式、“公司＋渔户”模式、政府主导模式、村企合一模式,在文章的最后指出了休闲渔业发展模式的新方向。     

渔业管理审计实施框架研究

渔业管理审计是渔业治理的重要工具,开展渔业管理审计有利于实现渔业的可持续发展,论文借鉴最高审计机关国际组织（INTOSAI）。环境审计工作组发布的《可持续渔业管理审计指南》,分析了开展渔业管理审计的必要性、明确了开展渔业管理审计的依据和审计步骤,并对我国审计机关开展渔业管理审计提出了若干建议。     

山东省渔业生产效率及其变动趋势的测算与分析

论文采用1997～2008年山东省及我国渔业生产投入和产出数据,运用数据包络分析以及Malmquist指数方法,对山东省渔业生产效率及其构成的变动趋势进行了测算。研究结果表明：山东省渔业生产虽总体发展趋势较好,但仍存在着技术效率低下、粗放式经营等问题。论文针对这些问题提出了建议和对策,以期为山东省渔业生产效率的改善提供参考。     

中国省域休闲渔业综合发展水平评价及障碍因子分析

目的 发展休闲渔业是推进现代渔业建设的重要内容,也是实施乡村振兴战略和建设海洋经济强国的重要举措。文章旨在评价2011—2017年中国省域休闲渔业综合发展水平,并分析影响省域休闲渔业发展的主要障碍,提出针对性发展建议。方法 构建多维发展水平评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法对各省域休闲渔业综合发展水平进行比较排序;并采用地理探测器及障碍度模型识别并计算影响各地区休闲渔业发展的障碍因素。结果 （1）中国休闲渔业发展均分为0.16,总体发展现状水平不高,且区域间差异显著,空间分布呈东南与沿海区域较高,西北及内陆地区较低的特征;（2）按照现状与趋势综合评价,全国休闲渔业综合发展水平可分为8个等级,其中山东、江苏和湖北为发展水平最高的一级;（3）生物资源系统与社会经济系统是休闲渔业发展的基础障碍,管理系统与消费者系统是制约其进一步提升的主要障碍。结论 中国休闲渔业总体上处于起步阶段且发展不平衡,各地区发展短板突出,应因地制宜挖掘资源特色,创新产业发展模式提升休闲渔业综合发展水平。     

渔业水质评价中标准限值差异及建议

本文主要探讨了渔业水质状况，分析了不同评价结果产生的原因，并提出了针对性的建议，旨在为更好地治理渔业水质污染和保证水产品质量安全提供科学的参照标准。     

发展休闲渔业实现城乡融合———努力打造杭州现代休闲渔业金名片

休闲渔业是一个新兴产业,是传统渔业与现代休闲产业的有机结合,其发展在拓展传统渔业内涵、综合利用渔业资源、促进渔（农）民增收等方面有着重要意义。本文从文化渊源、产业基础和现实需求等i个方面分析了杭州市发展现代休闲渔业的现实基础,结合国内外休闲渔业发展经验,探讨了杭州市发展现代休闲渔业的内涵和定位及主要发展目标,提出了杭州市发展现代休闲渔业的对策建议,以期为打造杭州特色的现代休闲渔业提供参考意见。     

海州湾单拖网渔船技术效率及其影响因素分析

在渔业资源衰退、渔船节能减排、渔业产业结构调整等多重压力下,短期内海洋捕捞业经济增长日趋困难。渔业技术效率是评价渔业经济增长质量的重要指标,界定其影响因素有助于促进资源优化配置,提高渔业经济增长水平。单拖网作业是中国近海一种重要捕捞方式,本文以海州湾70艘单拖网渔船为研究对象,利用DEA-Tobit模型,分析其技术效率及其影响因素。结果表明,仅有20.0%的海州湾单拖网渔船处于技术有效状态;渔船主机功率、渔船船体长度、渔船船龄以及燃油补贴对其技术效率的影响不显著;年出海天数、船长从业时间和年总成本对其技术效率有显著影响。     

海域征用中渔业补偿的制度经济学探讨

沿海工业化的进程中,征用海域非渔业使用的制度变迁成为一个新的事物,引致的渔业补偿和渔业稳定成为沿海社会一个热点问题。本文以制度经济学的视角,围绕海域征用中渔业补偿展开经济学探讨,用马克思主义的产权观确立渔业用海产权的历史渊源,分析了6种不同的海域转移制度和3条“失海”渔民的渔业补偿理想原则,并提出当前海域非渔业征用中可能的矛盾及其预防。     

供给侧改革下的福建优势特色渔业竞争力评价与空间布局优化

[目的]推进供给侧改革,加快渔业转方式调结构步伐,是解决福建省渔业经济发展深层次矛盾的迫切需求,而发展优势特色渔业,优化产业空间布局则是深入推进渔业供给侧改革,促进渔业经济提质增效的必经之路。文章试图从产业空间结构为切入点,重点探索福建县域渔业竞争力与空间布局优化,以期为福建渔业供给侧改革提供有益的参考。[方法]在CTMC研究框架下,首先,运用TOPSIS模型对全省67个县域单元渔业进行竞争力评价,由此将福建省渔业竞争优势划分出"核心区"、"拓展区"、"潜力区"和"无竞争优势区";其次,对22个具有竞争优势的区域作了产业结构与分品种比较优势分析;最后将比较优势分析结果与县域优势特色农业产业调查数据相耦合。[结果]在选择扶持渔业品种上,部分县域还存在一定的盲目性,应进一步进行特色渔业区域布局优化调整。[结论]福建省渔业供给侧结构性改革应致力于打造优势特色水产以提质量、去库存,优化特色渔业空间布局以调结构、促融合,科学分配财政扶持以降成本、补短板。     

基于共同管理的渔业管理制度分析——以日本为例

日本渔业资源管理能够在一定程度上避免公共资源利用的悲剧,使日本周边水域主要鱼种及其种群的资源状况逐渐得到恢复和改善,主要归功于适合的渔业资源管理制度和其实施主体——渔业管理组织.论文对日本渔业管理制度的历史变迁和管理组织的特征进行分析,试图从制度分析的视角,利用渔业相关统计数据,以期探讨日本渔业管理的成功经验,为重塑我国渔业资源的科学管理和可持续利用管理架构提供有益的借鉴.     

对发展现代渔业的几点思考

改革开放以来,中国渔业经济进入持续发展的新阶段,渔业产量和渔业产值均位列世界前列。然而,随着渔业资源的不断枯竭,生态环境日益恶化,过去单纯的粗放型生产方式显然已经无法适应当前渔业产业发展的需要,发展可持续、健康、资源节约型的现代渔业产业势在必行。为此,本文通过分析目前我国现代渔业发展的主要问题,提出发展现代渔业的几点对策。研究表明,目前我国现代渔业发展主要存在粗放型渔业发展方式并未完全转变,渔业基础设施相对薄弱;教育科技投入不足,渔民权益难以保障;产品质量安全存在隐患,渔业产业竞争力相对较低等问题。今后,发展现代渔业的方向应从转变渔业发展方式、保障渔民合法权益、提高产品的国际竞争力入手。     

THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMICS IN FISHERIES REGULATION

In the past, management of marine fisheries has concentrated largely on biological matters, but a cursory glance at any major fishery reveals that such an approach has not been successful. This article considers the fundamentally economic control techniques which might be used to improve the economic (and biological) condition of the world's fisheries. The principal alternatives are regulation by taxation, licensing or some kind of property rights system, and the merits and demerits of each measure are analysed. It is concluded that a property rights system appears to hold the most promise for improved fisheries management in the future.     

Input Controls,Input Substitution and Profit Maximisation in the English Channel Beam Trawl Fishery

Studies of input substitution in fisheries have tended to focus on substitution between physical inputs and/or time fished. However, input controls may create incentives for substitution of other inputs into the production process. For example, fishers faced with constraints on access to particular areas of the fishery may substitute physical inputs for fishing location. This was the case with the UK beam trawl fishery in the English Channel. Constraints were imposed on access to particular areas of the fishery through restrictions on engine power. This created incentives for a number of fishers to reduce their engine power to meet the conditions of the input control. The relative contribution of the boat inputs and location in the production process and the potential for substitution were examined using a translog production function. The results suggested that the apparent input substitution was consistent with profit maximising behaviour.