市场失灵—政府对高新技术产业规制的缘起

高新技术产业的竞争已成为当今世界国际竞争的焦点,如何规范高新技术产业,确保其健康有序地运行,成为亟待解决的问题。本文从论述政府规制的经济学理由即市场失灵入手,进一步指出了高新技术产业领域存在市场失灵现象,论证了对高新技术产业进行规制的必要性,并针对高新技术产业     

纵论纵向一体化

基于科斯的交易费用理论和威廉姆森利用这一理论对纵向一体化的分析,定义了科斯理论框架中的市场失灵和纵向一体化失灵,分析了纵向一体化失灵的机制和退出机制,文中的过程描述和分析对于提高资源配置效率具有积极意义。     

环境污染问题及其规制的经济学思考

当前，我国国民经济正平稳快速增长，由此带来的环境污染问题也日益突出，这严重影响了人民群众的生活和经济的发展。如何平衡眼前的经济利益和长远的社会利益的关系，以实现可持续发展是一个值得研究的重大课题，本文从环境问题的产生根源及危害分析谈起，简要地分析了我国环境规制政策的效果及缺陷，并进一步提出了优化环境规制政策的建议。     

论经济法对市场失灵与政府失灵的双重矫正

经济法产生于市场和政府的双重失灵，因此肩负着矫正市场失灵与政府失灵的双重使命。本文主要分析了市场失灵的成因及经济法解决市场失灵的手段，介绍了政府失灵的表现形式以及经济法对政府失灵的克服。     

运用投资拉动 促进产业结构升级

本文揭示了我国当前地方税规模并非过小而且不宜扩大 ;同时进一步分析了造成当前地方收入入不敷出的原因 ,论证了当前不宜将地方税收立法权下放 ,并提出了政府精简机构、规范开支的对策。     

DSS在企业中的开发与应用构想

本文运用系统工程原理与方法 ,通过分析企业现实系统 ,阐述了建立 DSS的必要性 ,针对我国的实际情况 ,提出了企业 DSS设计的目标 ,构造出一个具有实用价值的企业 DSS结构框架     

经营产权:高校校办企业改制的财务对策研究

本文首先对高校校办企业改制的必要性作了分析,通过引入"博弈论",以产权为主线,对校方与企方这对委托代理关系作了深入研究。以"经营产权"为思路和"财务"为分析视角,从"监督与激励"两个方面提出了对策。     

企业内部的两种失灵问题分析

企业内部存在着导致效率损失的两种失灵:内部市场失灵包括公共品供给不足、内部信息不对称、内部垄断供给、外部性和不确定性,管理层失灵则源于管理层以企业利益为代价的自利行为。用考察市场失灵和政府失灵的视角有助于理解国有企业内部的失灵问题。     

人才资本价值在组织中的实现途径

文章分析了人才资本的价值特性,如不确定性高、增值性强、专用性强、外部性强等,提出并分析了人才资本与组织价值创造过程的循环闭路,阐述了组织中人才资本价值有效实现的绩效———薪酬途径和管理途径。     

中国零售业如何面对外资零售业的竞争

本文分析了外资在中国投资零售业的现状和特点,对我国零售业和外资零售业之间的差距作了比较,提出了我国零售业提高竞争能力的对策。     

Coordination Failures,Cluster Theory,and Entrepreneurship: A Critical View

In the last decades, more and more economists have advanced the idea that significant obstacles impeding economic growth (especially in less developed regions) consist in different market failures, preventing entrepreneurs from taking the necessary actions to exploit profit opportunities: coordination failure. This paper provides a refutation of the idea that coordination failures as manifested in the inability of clusters to emerge can serve as a ground for government intervention. It uses the Porter, Rodrik and Rodriguez-Clare thesis as an example of this approach and criticizes the claim that coordination externalities prevent the market process to allocate resources optimally.

Can good events lead to bad outcomes? Endogenous banking crises and fiscal policy responses

In this paper, we study the impact of changes in the urban labor force and foreign direct investment on the banking sector, using a dynamic general equilibrium model with a financial sector. Numerical simulations are performed using stylized Chinese data, and bank failures are generated through increases in the growth rate of the labor force, a revaluation of the exchange rate, or an increase in debt issue to finance the government deficit, as compared to a benchmark scenario in which banks remain solvent. Thus bank failures can result from what might seem to be either beneficial economic trends or correct monetary and fiscal policies. We introduce fiscal policies that modify relative factor prices by lowering the capital tax rate and increasing the tax rate on labor. Such policies can prevent banking failures by raising the return to capital. It is shown that such fiscal policies are, in the short run, welfare reducing.     

Discriminatory Procurement Policy with Cash Limits

This paper presents a counterexample to the Miyagiwa ((1991) American Economic Review 81, 1320–1328) claim that discriminatory government procurement policy is ineffective as a protectionist device, when the goods are also consumed by the private sector. The procurement sector is a homogeneous product Cournot–Nash duopoly, with a home and a foreign firm. The procurement policy takes the form of an ad valorem premium over the import price. If both the firms play the output game in strategic complements, procurement policy can lower imports. This possibility arises when the product demand is unit elastic, corresponding to cash limits to public expenditure, and providing the home firm is smaller than the foreign firm. By adding a competitive export sector, the paper also derives sufficient conditions for macroeconomic coordination failures to occur.     

A search model for Joint Implementation

The aim of this paper is to present a search model in the field of environmental economics, where so-called clean and dirty producers enter the trading market, both looking for a partner with whom to exchange the goods they are endowed with. The model derived in this paper is rather simple. Nevertheless, it is able to produce a series of interesting results and useful insights, and is conveniently used here as a framework to explain the functioning of Joint Implementation programs for polluting emissions＇ reduction.     

Economic crisis： Using M ｜ G ｜ ∞ queue systems busy period to solve logistics problems in an organization

The recent economic developments in the world have shown how important it is to solve the logistics problems of machine failures in an expedite way. A model based on queues theory to solve these failures is presented. Using this model with M ｜ G ｜ ∞ queuing systems, customers arrive according to a Poisson process at rate A. Each of them receives, immediately after its arrival, a service whose length is a positive random variable with distribution function G（.） and mean value α. An important parameter of the system is the traffic intensity ρ =λα The service of a customer is independent of the services of the other customers and of the arrival process. The busy period of a queuing system begins when a customer arrives there, finding it empty, and ends when a customer leaves the system letting it empty. During the busy period, there is always at least one customer in the system. Therefore, in a queuing system, there is a sequence of idle and busy periods. For these systems with infinite servers the busy period length distribution is difficult to derive, except for a few exceptions. But formulae that allow the calculation of some of the busy period length parameters for the M｜ G ｜ ∞ queuing system are presented. These results can be applied in logistics （Ferreira, 2002; Ferreira, 2003; Ferreira, Andrade ＆ Filipe, 2009）. For instance, they can be applied to the failures which occur in the operation of an aircraft, shipping or trucking fleet. The customers are the failures. And their service time is the time that goes from the instant at which they occur till the one at which they are completely repaired. Here a busy period is a period in which there is at least one failure waiting for reparation or being repaired. The formulae referred allow the determination of measures of the system performance.     

是土地供应量与房地产税赋提高了房价吗

自分税制实施后,“土地财政”成为我国地方政府获取收入以支撑财政支出的主要选择,而与此同时房价也在不断上涨。中央政府从民生角度要求地方政府对房价实施调控,地方政府则主要通过调整土地供给量和房地产税税赋来施加影响。土地供应量和税赋会影响供需双方从而影响房价,反过来房价又会影响税收收入及开发商对土地的需求,进而影响社会民生。本文对我国东、中、西部地区住房价格和土地供给量、房地产税税赋之间的关系进行分析,探讨各地区的住房价格上涨原因。通过构建住房价格和土地供给量、房地产税税赋之间的PVAR模型,利用格兰杰因果检验、脉冲分析和方差分解方法来透视地方政府行为对住房价格的影响。分析结果显示,地方政府行为和房价之间存在着联动关系,但在推动住房价格上涨的原因上存在着区域差异：在东部地区,土地供应量影响房价;中部地区,二者联合推动了房价上涨。而在西部地区,房地产税税赋对房价的影响明显。在政策建议上,对地价推动房价的地区要从丰富住房来源和数量入手,而税赋影响房价的地区则要完善相关税制改革。     

乌鲁木齐市住宅市场与外部环境协调状况分析

研究目的：分析乌鲁木齐市住宅市场与外部环境的协调状况,找出住宅市场内部及外部环境主要驱动因素;研究对象：乌鲁木齐市住宅市场系统与外部环境系统;研究方法：耦合关系模型;研究结论：乌鲁木齐市住宅市场与外部环境整体上处于低度协调状态,主要原因是乌鲁木齐市外部环境发展状况滞后于住宅市场发展状况;住宅市场内部驱动因素由大到小是住宅投资、住宅需求、住宅供给和住宅价格,外部环境内部驱动因素由大到小是经济环境、金融环境、政策环境和社会环境。     

企业视角下县域营商环境满意度评估与优化策略——基于广西XX市XX区的实证分析

企业对营商环境的满意度是分析一个地区营商环境的重要标尺。建立营商环境评价体系并对营商环境满意度进行科学评估,有利于发现问题,进一步优化营商环境,推进经济高质量发展。借鉴国内外优秀评估指标体系,建立基于企业视角的营商环境满意度评估指标体系设计调查问卷。调查显示,样本企业对广西XX市XX区营商环境的整体满意度较高,但与企业期望的理想水平相比仍有改善空间,在生活性基础设施建设、人力资源服务、生产性基础设施建设等方面仍需着力优化。     

环境对企业家精神培育的影响研究——基于内蒙古地区企业家的实证检验

以内蒙古地区企业家为研究样本，研究环境对企业家精神培育的影响作用。结果表明，制度环境对企业家精神的培育具有显著的正向影响；社会文化环境对企业家精神的培育具有显著的正向影响；教育环境对企业家精神的培育具有显著的正向影响；企业环境对企业家精神的培育具有显著的正向影响；而行业环境对企业家精神的培育没有显著的正向影响。