我国寿险保单退保影响因素的实证研究——基于公司层面的微观数据

从微观的角度,利用中国寿险市场的统计数据考察了寿险公司经营信息对保单持有人退保行为的影响,考虑到不同类型公司受影响程度的差异性,将样本数据分成大型寿险公司和中小寿险公司两类,并建立非线性平滑转换面板数据模型来研究不同类型的寿险公司退保率受各因素影响的差异。实证分析的结果表明：是否销售投连险显著地影响中小寿险公司的退保率,对大型寿险公司则无影响;与寿险公司规模高增长相伴随的是保单的高退保,这在中国寿险行业普遍存在;保单分红水平对于退保的影响程度要低于预期,“利率替代”效应并不是导致退保的最主要原因;保单持有人会比较信赖历史悠久的公司,而保费水平的高低并不是影响保单持有人是否退保的重要因素。     

基于退保因素的分红保险定价模型研究

分红保险是一种兼具保障功能和投资理财功能的新型寿险产品。该险种现已成为我国寿险行业中的主流产品,但与此同时,也面临着颇为严峻的退保问题。从国内、外相关文献来看,目前尚没有学者从退保角度来研究分红保险的定价。本文基于可退保因素下的分红保险定价模型的研究,对分红保险的准确定价提供理论依据和践行指南。     

预定利率市场化的条件和实施分析

一、预定利率是影响寿险产品价格的重要因素 预定利率是寿险公司在产品定价时承诺给客户的投资收益率。而保险公司实际投资收益率高于预定利率部分,扣除掉分红或结算利息（对于分红产品或万能产品）叫利差,是保险公司最主要的利润来源。影响寿险产品价格的因素主要为预定利率、死亡率和费用率,其中预定利率是影响价格最重要的因素,费用率次之,死亡率影响最小。     

中国寿险产品退保行为净传染效应研究——基于空间面板数据的实证分析

本文利用省际层面空间面板数据,实证分析了影响寿险退保率的主要因素。基于危机传染理论和退保行为的空间相关,首次提出影响退保行为的净传染假说,为解释退保行为增加了一个新理论,并在此基础上验证了应急资金假说、市场利率假说和产品替代假说能否解释中国的退保行为。实证结果表明,退保行为在空间上存在净传染效应,它支持市场利率假说和保单替代假说,认同失业率衡量的应急资金假说。对实证结果进行标准化处理后发现,市场利率假说对退保行为影响最大,依次是应急资金和产品替代假说。依据净传染效应这一解释退保行为的新视角,实证结论将更加精确,由此为保险公司管理层和监管机构的决策提供重要依据。     

论中国寿险业利率风险的管理

一、利率风险是寿险公司经营面对的重要风险 (一)固定预定利率的寿险产品经营中存在利率风险 我国寿险业自1994年开始飞速发展以来,至1999年在市场上推出新型寿险品种如分红保险、投资连结保险和万能寿险为止,寿险公司经营的寿险产品都     

金融市场突变对万能寿险定价及偿付能力的影响北大核心CSSCISSCI

当金融市场突变时,万能寿险的内嵌期权价值会发生大幅度变化,寿险公司的负债和偿付能力也会随之发生变化,这可能引发寿险公司的定价不足风险和偿付能力危机。本文以一般跳跃-扩散模型刻画中国股票市场的市场突变现象,并以此为基础建立了内嵌最低保证利率期权和退保期权的万能寿险保费定价模型,探讨了当金融市场突变时均衡保费的变化以及内嵌期权价值的变化,分析了它对寿险公司实际资本和偿付能力充足率的影响,并把它们与市场正常时的情况进行了对比。结果表明,金融市场向上突变,极大增加了最低利率保证期权的价值,降低了退保期权价值,万能寿险的价值增加,导致偿付能力充足率上升;金融市场向下突变时结果相反。     

我国增额终身寿险市场发展与风险管理研究

一、引言增额终身寿险是在传统终身寿险的基础上开发设计的一种新型普通终身寿险,其产品特色既明显区别于普通终身寿险,也不同于附加了投资分红功能的投资型终身寿险。该类产品在2013年被引入中国内地保险市场后并未立即受到市场“热捧”,而是在部分中小型保险公司“低调蛰伏”发展多年。     

银保产品非正常退保风险管控及其监管

因金融危机等环境因素的影响,近年来国内投资收益率持续低迷,寿险公司的退保金额同比大幅增长（仅2012年退保金总额就高达1200亿元,同比增长超30％）,而以分红型、万能型产品为主的银行保险（简称银保）产品的退保问题尤为突出.     

浅析分红保险合同红利负债的确认与计量

随着入世以来，在储蓄利率分红保险，使得分红保险己成为目进入有史以来最低时期，传统保险价格上扬，聪明的消费者买保险时首选前保险市场上的热销保险产品。以2002年的寿险市场为例，分红险剑气如虹，寿险分红产品保费收入1121．7亿元，占人身险保费收入的49．39％，占新型产品保费收入的91．6％，几乎占了寿险市场的半壁江山。近几年来，分红保险更是成为世界保险市场的主流产品，在北美地区，80％以上的产品有分红功能；在德国，分红保险占该国人寿保险市场85％；在香港，这一数字更高达90％。     

寿险公司的利率风险管理

我国寿险业自1994年飞速发展以来，至1999年在市场上推出新型寿险品种如分红保险、投资连结保险和万能寿险，寿险公司经营的寿险产品都是传统寿险品种，如终身寿险、两全保险和养老保险品种。这段时间传统寿险保险发展很快，此后分红险、投资连结险和万能型寿险产品才开始逐渐被市场青睐。     

The Impact of the Secondary Market on Life Insurers' Surrender Profits

Life insurers often claim that the life settlement industry reduces their surrender profits and leads to an adverse shift in their portfolio of insured risks; that is, high risks remain in the portfolio instead of surrendering. In this article, we aim to quantify the effect of altered surrender behavior––subject to the health status of an insured––in a portfolio of life insurance contracts on the surrender profits of primary insurers. Our model includes mortality heterogeneity by applying a stochastic frailty factor to a mortality table. We additionally analyze the impact of the premium payment method by comparing results for annual and single premium payments.     

The Impacts of Surrender Options on Reserve Durations

Estimating the interest rate risk of life insurance reserves is essential for insurers, and surrender options are critical to the estimation. This article advances our understanding of how surrender options affect the durations of reserves. We identify a pattern of the reserve duration with respect to the interest rate that is important in explaining how surrender rate levels and the interest-rate sensitivity of surrenders affect reserve durations. We further found that the surrender behavior that is more positively related to the interest rate produces larger/smaller effective dollar durations when the interest rate is low/high.     

寿险公司网络投诉案例实证研究

通过世纪保网3年549个寿险投诉案件,采用内容分析法揭示寿险业诚信问题的真正原因,研究发现引发消费者不满的三大问题依次为:销售误导、销售员隐瞒合同内容和退保问题,理赔难仅位列第四。结论表明,寿险业增进消费者信任最有效的手段是加强对销售人员的管理,杜绝销售误导和隐瞒,并就退保规定向消费者作出明确说明。研究还发现,相对于市场占有率而言,外资寿险公司的被投诉率比中资寿险公司还高。     

A Finite Difference Approach to the Valuation of Path Dependent Life Insurance Liabilities

This paper sets up a model for the valuation of traditional participating life insurance policies. These claims are characterized by their explicit interest rate guarantees and by various embedded option elements, such as bonus and surrender options. Owing to the structure of these contracts, the theory of contingent claims pricing is a particularly well-suited framework for the analysis of their valuation.The eventual benefits (or pay-offs) from the contracts considered crucially depend on the history of returns on the insurance company's assets during the contract period. This path-dependence prohibits the derivation of closed-form valuation formulas but we demonstrate that the dimensionality of the problem can be reduced to allow for the development and implementation of a finite difference algorithm for fast and accurate numerical evaluation of the contracts. We also demonstrate how the fundamental financial model can be extended to allow for mortality risk and we provide a wide range of numerical pricing results.     

Voluntary Termination of Life Insurance Policies

Abstract

In this paper, one error-correction model (ECM) that is able to avoid the problem of producing noise within traditional multiple cointegration vectors has been employed to explore the dynamics of surrender behavior. The evidence shows that both the emergency fund hypothesis and interest rate hypothesis are sustained in the short run as well as in the long run. A unique cointegration relationship within the surrender dynamics has been validated. In addition, a new hypothesis test that stresses the competition for the withdrawal of life insurance policy cash values has also been conducted. Such a crowding-out effect between policy loans and policy surrenders might be attributed to the motivation that keeps a life policy in force, the existence of surrender charges, and the automatic premium loan provision.     

Forecasting Surrender Rates Using Elliptical Copulas and Financial Variables

A multistage stochastic model to forecast surrender rates for life insurance and pension plans is proposed. Surrender rates are forecasted by means of Monte Carlo simulation after a sequence of GLM, ARMA-GARCH, and copula fitting is executed. The model is illustrated by applying it to age-specific time series of surrender rates derived from pension plans with annuity payments of a Brazilian insurer. In the GLM process, the only macroeconomic variable used as an explanatory variable is the Brazilian real short-term interest rate. The advantage of such a variable is that we can take future market expectation through the current term structure of interest rates. The GLM residuals of each age/gender group are then modeled by ARMA-GARCH processes to generate i.i.d. residuals. The dependence among these residuals is then modeled by multivariate Gaussian and Student's t copulas. To produce a conditional forecast on a stock market index, in our application we used the residuals of an ARMA-GARCH model fitted to the Brazilian stock market index (Ibovespa) returns, which generates one of the marginal distributions used in the dependence modeling through copulas. This strategy is adopted to explain the high and uncommon surrender rates observed during the recent economic crisis. After applying known simulation methods for elliptical copulas, we proceeded backwards to obtain the forecasted distributions of surrender rates by application, in the sequel, of ARMA-GARCH and GLM models. Additionally, our approach produced an algorithm able to simulate multivariate elliptical copulas conditioned on a marginal distribution. Using this algorithm, surrender rates can be simulated conditioned on stock index residuals (in our case, the residuals of the Ibovespa returns), which allows insurers and pension funds to simulate future surrender rates assuming a financial stress scenario with no need to predict the stock market index.     

Fair Valuation of a Guaranteed Life Insurance Participating Contract Embedding a Surrender Option

In this article we deal with the problem of pricing a guaranteed life insurance participating policy, sold in the Italian market, which embeds a surrender option. This feature is an American‐style put option that enables the policyholder to sell back the contract to the insurer at the cash surrender value. Employing a recursive binomial formula patterned after the Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (1979) discrete option pricing model we compute, first of all, the total price of the contract, which also includes a compensation for the participation feature (“participation option,” henceforth). Then this price is split into the value of three components: the basic contract, the participation option, and the surrender option. The numerical implementation of the model allows us to catch some comparative statics properties and to tackle the problem of suitably fixing the contractual parameters in order to obtain the premium computed by insurance companies according to standard actuarial practice.     

基于格兰杰因果关系检验的我国银行保险退保因素分析

我国银行保险内存不足。通过格兰杰因果关系检验对“财务危机”和“利率替代”两种假说进行实证检验后得出：短期利率波动对银行保险退保影响不显著,长期利率波动对银行保险退保影响较显著,失业对银行保险退保短期影响较显著,证券投资波动对银行保险退保影响最为显著。为了降低我国银行保险的退保率,要深化银保合作机制,为了降低市场因素带来的影响,可适当提高银保产品的收益率,银保产品不要过于理财化,可适当增加一些保障功能。     

基于广义线性模型的我国投资型寿险产品退保率实证研究

基于某一款万能险产品38个月的退保率样本数据,结合我国寿险业务的实际情况,利用广义线性模型对影响退保率的主要因素进行了分析。研究结果显示,源于消费者在购买保险的经济环境方面的差异,国外的退保率模型在我国并不适用。从我国实际情况出发,通过选择合适的解释变量,构建了新退保率模型,并分析了各解释变量对退保率的影响。     

A Dynamic Analysis of the Demand for Life Insurance

Prior research suggests that neither the choice to own life insurance nor the amount purchased is consistently related to the presence of children in the household. While these perplexing findings are based on a static framework, we alternatively examine life insurance demand in a dynamic framework as a function of changes in household life cycle and financial condition. Our results indicate both a statistically and economically significant relation between life events, such as new parenthood, and the demand for life insurance. We also provide new evidence in support of the emergency fund hypothesis: households in which either spouse has become unemployed are more likely than other households to surrender their whole life insurance.