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1.
The study analyses technical efficiency and efficiency change of 193 community hospitals and polyclinics across Ukraine, for
the years 1997–2001. These facilities are a subset of the medical institutions in rural Ukraine; they are identical w.r.t.
their function in the health system and share the same departmental structure. The data comprise the number of beds in the
hospitals, the number of staff employed in the hospitals as well as the polyclinics connected to the hospitals, the number
of inpatient and outpatient admissions as well as the number of surgical procedures, lab tests, X-rays performed and the number
of deaths and deaths after surgery. Because of the known sensitivity of traditional nonparametric frontier estimators to outlier
observations, we employ an order-m estimator, a robust technique, to assess the efficiency of these health care providers as well as changes of their productivity
time. The efficiency scores are calculated with an output-oriented model; they are close to unity for hospitals whereas polyclinics
seem somewhat less efficient. The Malmquist-indices averaged over all observations are close to unity indicating that productivity
does not change over during our observation period. But, depending on the period and the region, substantial deviations from
unity can be observed.
相似文献
Matthias StaatEmail: |
2.
The impact of patents and standards on macroeconomic growth: a panel approach covering four countries and 12 sectors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the assumption that codified technological know-how contributes to economic growth, this paper presents the estimation
of a Cobb–Douglas production function, pooling data from four European countries and 12 sectors. The empirical results confirm
that both the stock of patents and the stock of technical standards contribute significantly to economic growth in the 1990s.
Whereas the results of the country models are rather similar, we observe significant differences between the sector models,
which indicate that standards are more important for growth in less R&D-intensive industries and patents in R&D-intensive
industries.
相似文献
Knut BlindEmail: |
3.
How clusters can encourage entrepreneurship and venture creation. Reasons and advantages 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ana María Romero-Martínez Ángeles Montoro-Sánchez 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(3):315-329
The aim of this article is to define what is meant by clusters, their characteristics or determinants and the advantages they
generate, focusing on the role they play in boosting entrepreneurship and new venture creation. In clusters, a balance is
reached between cooperation and competition which becomes evident in the higher productivity of the companies because of their
increased access to inputs, information, technology and institutions; or in greater innovation and venture creation. The cluster
incentivizes the entry of new companies or start-ups. The hope is, then, that the new companies will revitalize specific regions
where competitiveness has fallen and that entrepreneurship will contribute to economic development and improved country-wide
competitiveness.
相似文献
ángeles Montoro-Sánchez (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
Rolando F. Peláez 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2009,33(3):246-258
This paper presents a comparative study of economic freedom in five groups of countries: Free, Mostly Free, Islamic, Latin
American, and a subset of EU member countries. The study includes 103 countries, and uses data from the 2007 Index of Economic Freedom. The paper tests for the statistical significance of the difference between group means for each of ten measures of economic
freedom and for the overall freedom score. The empirical evidence shows that the Islamic countries have significantly less
economic freedom than the other groups, and that they are the only group with declining economic freedom in the last 13 years.
相似文献
Rolando F. PeláezEmail: |
5.
Martin Carree Enrico Santarelli Ingrid Verheul 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(2):171-186
This study investigates the influence of the unemployment rate on firm entry, exit and net entry in Italian provinces. We
attempt to explain these market dynamics in six different sectors, including manufacturing, construction, commerce, hotels
and restaurants, transport and financial services. We control for other regional factors, such as patenting activity, economic
growth, economic welfare, tourism, industrial districts and whether being a major city. Findings indicate that the effects
of unemployment on entry and exit are dependent upon the sector under study, but are mainly negative. This suggests a lack
of dynamics in the Italian regional labor markets.
相似文献
Martin CarreeEmail: |
6.
Robert G. Chambers 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(2):107-120
Stochastic productivity indicators are defined, and superlative measures of these indicators are derived. It is shown that,
in the presence of complete markets or a common-expectations equilibrium, differences in the market values of firms are superlative
indicators of cross-sectional productivity differences. Exactness results are used to decompose nonstochastic productivity
indicators into a measure of true productivity change and a measure of ‘luck’. The decomposition is illustrated empirically.
相似文献
Robert G. ChambersEmail: |
7.
This study examines economic performance, environmental performance, and regulatory activity for plants in three industries: pulp and paper, oil, and steel. Stochastic frontier production function models show significant deviations from production efficiency. Older plants are less efficient in production, but perform no worse on emissions. Plants spending more on pollution abatement tend to do worse on both production efficiency and emissions. Stricter local regulatory pressure is associated with somewhat lower emissions, but has mixed effects on production efficiency. Positive correlations between SUR residuals for emissions and production efficiency suggest unmeasured plant-level characteristics that drive both economic and environmental performance.
相似文献
Wayne B. GrayEmail: Phone: +1-508-793-7693 |
8.
Saioa Arando Iñaki Peña Ingrid Verheul 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2009,5(1):77-95
Drawing upon institutional theory we develop a conceptual model and investigate the determinants of market entry for worker
cooperatives, publicly traded and limited-liability companies. Our results show that formal institutional conditions (i.e., mercantile legislation) influence the start-up choice of entrepreneurs regarding the legal
form of their new venture. In addition, we take into account the influence of informal institutional conditions (i.e., local corporate culture) on the market entry rate of firms with different legal structures.
Findings show that, while market entry is sensitive to the general economic climate, entry rates of firms with a different
legal structure respond differently to the same economic conditions.
相似文献
Ingrid VerheulEmail: |
9.
Rajeev K. Goel 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2008,32(2):195-205
This paper uses recent US state-level data to examine smoking behavior across four population groups divided by age, literacy,
income and ethnicity. Another contribution lies in the consideration of various smoking control policies and the full costs
of smoking. Overall, the results show that non-price smoking policies are relatively more effective than price or tax policies
in reducing smoking prevalence and that these policies gain effectiveness as the population begins to age.
相似文献
Rajeev K. GoelEmail: |
10.
Dennis Halcoussis Anton D. Lowenberg G. Michael Phillips 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2009,33(3):324-329
Many observers argued that Barack Obama’s candidacy in the U.S. presidential election of 2008 benefited from the financial
crisis and recessionary economic conditions which voters blamed on the Republican administration. However, an empirical examination
of stock price and public opinion data indicates that improvements in Obama’s electoral prospects led stock price declines
and that gains by Obama were more likely to be followed by falling stock prices than by rising prices. This evidence suggests
that the poor performance of the stock market in the days leading up to Obama’s victory was partly caused by, rather than
causing, Obama’s success.
相似文献
G. Michael Phillips (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
It is typically assumed that people engage in entrepreneurship because there are profits to be made. In contrast to this view,
this paper argues that entrepreneurship is more adequately characterized as a non-profit-seeking activity. Evidence from a
broad range of authors and academic fields is discussed showing that entrepreneurship does quite generally not pay in monetary
terms. Being an entrepreneur seems to be rather rewarding because it entails substantial non-monetary benefits, like greater
autonomy, broader skill utilization, and the possibility to pursue one’s own ideas. It is shown how incorporating these non-monetary
benefits into economic models of entrepreneurship can lead to a better understanding of the phenomenon.
相似文献
Matthias BenzEmail: |
12.
Niels Bosma André van Stel Kashifa Suddle 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(2):129-146
This paper investigates to what extent determinants of the rate of independent start-ups and the rate of new subsidiaries
are different. Using a regional database for the Netherlands over the period 1988–2002, we investigate the impact of two types
of agglomeration effects, localization and urbanization, while controlling for a range of economic variables. We find urbanization
economies to be particularly important for the creation of new subsidiaries while localization economies are more important
for the creation of independent new ventures. Finally, the effect of agglomeration variables is found to be stronger for manufacturing
industries compared to services industries.
相似文献
Kashifa SuddleEmail: |
13.
Efficient frontier estimation: a maximum entropy approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An alternative efficiency estimation approach is developed utilizing generalized maximum entropy (GME). GME combines the strengths
of both SFA and DEA, allowing for the estimation of a frontier that is stochastic, without making an ad hoc assumption about
the distribution of the efficiency component. GME results approach SFA results as the one-sided inefficiency bounds used by
GME shrink. Results similar to DEA are achieved as the bounds increase. The GME results are distributed like DEA, but yield
virtually the same rankings as SFA. The results suggest that GME may provide a link between various estimators of efficiency.
相似文献
Jon RezekEmail: |
14.
José Ernesto Amorós Oscar Cristi 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(4):381-399
This study analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurial dynamics in Latin-American countries and the level of competitiveness
these countries show. Based on the research conducted by Wennekers et al. [Small Business Economics, 24(3):293–309, 2005] that demonstrates a U-shaped relationship between the country’s rate of entrepreneurship and its level
of competitiveness and economic development, we hypothesize that Latin-American countries have a descending behaviour under
the U-shaped curve approach. The results from three regression models support this hypothesis and suggest that competitiveness
and economic growth deter entrepreneurial dynamics on Latin-American countries. We discuss that Latin-American countries need
to improve some structural factors to achieve a high level of entrepreneurial dynamics.
相似文献
Oscar CristiEmail: |
15.
The paper investigates the measurement of economic efficiency under transaction costs in a second best world. New measurements of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and price efficiency are proposed. They have three desirable properties. First, they measure efficiency loss in monetary units. Second, they are additive and can be conveniently summed into an overall efficiency measure. Third, they allow for transaction costs and their effects on prices and trade incentives. The paper investigates the welfare effects of technology choice, government pricing and trade policy, and market imperfections on efficiency. It provides new insights on the measurement of benefits from trade liberalization when trade affects not only price efficiency, but also technical and allocative efficiency.
相似文献
Zohra Bouamra MechemacheEmail: |
16.
This paper introduces new and flexible classes of inefficiency distributions for stochastic frontier models. We consider both
generalized gamma distributions and mixtures of generalized gamma distributions. These classes cover many interesting cases
and accommodate both positively and negatively skewed composed error distributions. Bayesian methods allow for useful inference
with carefully chosen prior distributions. We recommend a two-component mixture model where a sensible amount of structure
is imposed through the prior to distinguish the components, which are given an economic interpretation. This setting allows
for efficiencies to depend on firm characteristics, through the probability of belonging to either component. Issues of label-switching
and separate identification of both the measurement and inefficiency errors are also examined. Inference methods through MCMC
with partial centring are outlined and used to analyse both simulated and real data. An illustration using hospital cost data
is discussed in some detail.
相似文献
M. F. J. SteelEmail: |
17.
Thijs ten Raa 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(3):191-199
Debreu’s coefficient of resource utilization is freed from individual data requirements. The procedure is shown to be equivalent
to the imposition of Leontief preferences. The rate of growth of the modified Debreu coefficient and the Solow residual are
shown to add up to TFP growth. This decomposition is the neoclassical counterpart to the frontier analytic decomposition of
productivity growth into technical change and efficiency change. The terms can now be broken down by sector as well as by
factor input.
相似文献
Thijs ten RaaEmail: |
18.
Laurent Weill 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(2):79-89
This paper aims at comparing macroeconomic performance of three European socialist economies (Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia)
with developing and developed countries during the 1970s and the 1980s. Using panel data for 89 countries, we measure macroeconomic
performance with two panel data production frontier models: the WITHIN model proposed by (Cornwell et al J Econom 46:185–200,
1990), and the firm effects model developed by (Battese and Coelli J Prod Anal 3:153–169, 1992). We conclude in favor of the
underperformance of socialist countries in relation to developed countries but also to developing countries in most cases,
which may be explained by the features of the socialist economic system.
相似文献
Laurent WeillEmail: |
19.
This paper investigates a popular financing strategy whereby the manager of a firm uses convertibles in staged financing.
Staged financing is particularly popular in corporate finance, even although it has potential incentive and risk problems.
This paper identifies many interesting properties of convertibles in staged financing, including the fact that staged financing
using convertibles can almost achieve the first best. We also find that risks can reduce agency costs by putting pressure
on the manager to perform. These results may explain why convertibles are a popular instrument in staged financing in reality.
相似文献
Susheng Wang (Corresponding author)Email: |
20.
This contribution investigates the efficiency of water suppliers in rural areas of East and West Germany. A non-radial measure
of input specific allocative inefficiency is used to reduce the distributional dependency with respect to the inefficiency
parameters. It is based on the demand system of a flexible cost function for the variable inputs labour, energy and chemicals
modelled by applying a modified symmetric generalized McFadden functional form. Concavity restrictions, as required by economic
theory, are imposed. The analysis reveals that efforts towards increasing suppliers’ allocative efficiency should focus on
the relatively inefficient usage of the input chemicals. The input specific allocative model specification was found to be
superior to the overall allocative specification.
相似文献
Johannes SauerEmail: |