人力资本激励约束机制的理论基础与政策选择

本文以人力资本激励约束机制的理论基础为依据,提出了几种激励约束人力资本的政策途径,主要包括 健全人力资本产权制度,建立声誉激励约束机制以及健全相应的法律法规制度等。     

上市公司独立董事声誉机制的构建

上市公司独立董事的激励与约束问题一直是学术界研究的热点，上市公司独立董事声誉机制与报酬之类的显形激励机制不同，是一种特殊的隐形的激励与约束机制。文章论述构建上市公司独立董事声誉机制的理论依据，并提出了构建声誉机制的几点可供参考的建议。     

人力资本激励约束机制的理论基础与政策选择

本文以人力资本激励约束机制的理论基础为依据，提出了几种激励约束人力资本的政策途径，主要包括健全人力资本产权制度，建立声誉激励约束机制以及健全相应的法律法规制度等。     

上市公司声誉与自愿性信息披露——来自深市的经验证据

本文以深市A股上市公司为例,以深交所信息披露考评结果代表企业声誉,实证分析了上市公司声誉与自愿性披露水平的关系。结果发现：高质量声誉与自愿性披露水平正相关,但不显著,低质量声誉与自愿性披露水平显著负相关。在控制变量中,公司规模、扣除项后的每股收益以及独立董事人数,均与自愿披露水平显著正相关。说明我国股票市场缺乏有效的声誉激励与约束机制,在股权分置改革后,需要尽快建立信息披露的声誉激励与约束机制,促进长期稳步提高上市公司的信息披露质量,增强股票市场的有效性。     

独立董事声誉机制有效性:理论与证据

独立董事声誉机制有效性是独立董事制度建设中的重要问题.现有理论成果表明,在人力资本市场有效运行的环境中声誉机制可以有效地激励、约束独立董事,独立董事声誉将为任职企业带来经济后果.在实证研究成果中,绝大多数提供了独立董事声誉机制有效的经验证据,但也有少量反对的证据.在此基础上,文章提出了未来相关研究的建议.     

产品市场竞争的激励约束与融资结构的理性选择

在两权分离的现代公司治理结构下，由于信息不对称和契约的不完善性所产生的经理的机会主义行为，造成公司代理成本的增加从而导致公司效率的降低。产品市场的激烈竞争以及经理人声誉机制的存在，对经理人形成有效的激励约束。同时，在竞争环境中融资手段具有的不同特性使得经理人在产品市场竞争和声誉机制的激励约束下，对融资结构的选择将是理性和谨慎的。     

论企业经营者的声誉机制

在管理学中 ,声誉激励被认为是一种重要的激励手段。创建和维护企业的良好声誉 ,也代表着一种新的管理思潮。声誉之所以引起经济学和管理学界的重视 ,是因为人的声誉在人的行为决策过程中是一个重要的影响因素。对企业经营者而言 ,声誉对其行为的影响尤为重要 ,甚至可以替代报酬之类的显性激励因素。因此 ,分析探讨经营者的声誉对经营者行为的激励约束作用 ,建立有效的经营者的声誉激励机制 ,是十分必要的。经营者声誉机制的理论分析在管理学中 ,追求良好的声誉 ,是经营者成就发展的需要 ,或说是尊重和自我实现的需要。现代企业职业经营者努…     

金融中介机构声誉对IPO公司财务报告舞弊的影响——以万福生科为例

随着承销商等金融中介机构的主体地位不断提高,金融中介机构声誉在IPO市场中的作用越来越重要。在金融市场财务报告舞弊案频出的背景下,本文以万福生科财务报告舞弊案为案例,归纳了相关金融中介机构的失职行为,分析了我国金融中介机构声誉机制在上市公司财务报告舞弊过程中监督约束作用的有效性,揭示了金融中介机构声誉机制失效的原因。研究发现,我国金融中介机构声誉机制发展得并不完全,即使有着较高声誉的金融中介机构在我国证券市场中仍没有足够的激励促进其产生较高质量的监管行为,难以利用声誉机制规范金融中介机构行为,提高公司财务信息质量。本文为如何提高金融中介机构声誉机制的有效性,并借助金融中介机构声誉规范和监督上市公司财务行为提供了参考与借鉴。     

基于声誉约束的信任保障机制

声誉是一个企业的无形资产,而背信和欺诈是声誉丧失的主要原因。建立基于道德和法律监督基础上的声誉约束机制是避免背信和欺诈、形成合作伙伴相互信任的重要保障。论文在明确选题背景的基础上,介绍了声誉的本质及其价值,分析了有限次博弈和重复博弈情况下声誉约束对企业信任的影响,通过对不同博弈结果的分析,阐明在声誉约束下的信任保障机制的建立,并探讨了声誉约束机制的形成条件。     

对公司股权变更“三年效应”的思考

公司股权变更对公司业绩提高体现出显著的“三年效应”,从变更后第四年开始这种正面效应逐步减弱。究其原因,主要是缺乏长效激励与约束机制。本文通过构建以年薪制为基础的股票期股薪酬制度和对高层管理人员实行声誉激励,以达到提高公司长期业绩的目的。     

The undervaluation of corporate reputation as a supplier selection factor: An analysis of ingredient branding of complex products in the manufacturing industry

Prior research studies on supplier selection factors assess vendor reputation as a low ranked criterion. Reputation in these articles, however, only refers to the position in the industry, without considering the role of the final customer. Our results from a survey with 565 individuals suggest that the end user as a stakeholder should be also considered when analyzing a vendor’s prestige. We demonstrate that a supplier’s standing has negative as well as positive reputational effects on the buyer. Depending on the relevance of the purchased good as well as the reputation of the supplier and the buyer, low/high-ranked ingredients significantly decrease/increase the final customer’s perception of the buyer.     

利用多目标决策研究零售业中供应商的选择问题

首先分析了选择供应商的一般因素,其次根据零售业的特点,对零售业中影响供应商选择的因素进行了分析与提取．提出六大因素,即提前期、毛利润、销售历史、成本、产品多样化、产品知名度。针对六大因素建立了供应商选择指标的层次结构模型。依据结构模型,采用多目标规划方法解决零售业中供应商选择问题,建立了零售业中供应商选择的数学模型,并应用层次分析法详细进行了算例演示。最后对研究内容提出了不足及对未来研究的展望。     

The influence of reputation on supplier selection: An empirical study of the European automotive industry

Using an original database, integrated with information by the web, we propose an ex-post analysis on the main factors influencing the selection process of tier 1 suppliers in the automotive industry. There is plenty of literature on how buyers should select their suppliers, but the literature on how they really do so is scarce. We contribute analysing an original database collecting purchasing contracts information within the automotive components market in Europe. We investigate, through different econometric approaches the influence of traditional supplier selection criteria in combination with different reputation factors. Our findings suggest that reputation plays a crucial role more than classical criteria; in particular, suppliers, which serve a diversified customer portfolio or with strong exposure to premium brand customers have better chances to gain additional orders and broaden their customer base even more. The latter means that OEMs have to increase their reputation in order to be more attractive for suppliers.     

基于委托代理的供应链质量管理激励策略

利用委托代理模型建立了供应链质量管理的激励模型，从购买商对供应商质量管理监管的角度出发，探讨了不同风险态度下最优激励合约的设计问题，求出了模型的最优解并进一步讨论其影响因素。最后，拓展分析了声誉激励的效果，为寻求有效的供应链质量管理提供理论依据。     

供应商之间基于声誉模型的合作博弈分析

供应链上同级供应商之间因其合作竞争关系,经常需面对策略应对与选择的难题。文章通过引入声誉模型,假定供应商为理性的不再是共同认知,分阶段讨论是否存在一个非理性概率p使其不受阶段T的影响,始终选择合作。在归纳计算后发现,在合作博弈次数T3的前提下,当供应商的信誉度p≥4/7时,他将总是选择合作;反之当p4/7时,其背叛行为则有可能出现。因此只需根据合作供应商以往的信誉是否低于p=4/7这一临界点,即可知选择何种博弈策略最为有利。     

Practice and promise of formal supplier selection: a study of four empirical cases

In this paper an experimental study of formal decision-making models for supplier selection is described. Attention is paid to all phases of the supplier selection process: the recognition of the need for a new supplier, the formulation of decision criteria, the qualification of suitable candidates and final selection. It appears from the experiments that formal decision models may prove to be useful in various ways throughout the whole supplier selection process and in different purchasing situations.     

The effects of volume consolidation on buyer–supplier relationships: A study of Chinese firms

Volume consolidation is a major consequence of supply base reduction. This study explores the relationships between volume consolidation and supply chain outcomes such as buyer coordination costs, supplier performance, buyer environment learning ability, and buyer learning from the supplier. This study also examines the effects of these supply chain outcomes on buyer satisfaction. Based on results derived from an empirical study of 398 Chinese manufacturing companies, it is found that volume consolidation enhances supplier performance, buyer learning from the supplier, and its environment learning ability. It is also determined that coordination costs negatively affect supplier performance and buyer satisfaction. Environment learning ability does not affect buyer satisfaction, while supplier performance and buyer learning from the supplier positively affect buyer satisfaction. As such, the effects of volume consolidation are not limited to enhanced supply chain performance, but also to organizational learning in the supply chain.     

Do all suppliers dislike electronic reverse auctions?

Electronic reverse auctions (ERAs) are a controversial sourcing tool. While it is said to have many advantages to buyers, and even some to suppliers as well, it is also heavily criticised for damaging cooperative buyer–supplier relationships. It is often suggested that suppliers experience more disadvantages than advantages from the use of this tool and therefore many, if not all suppliers dislike ERAs. In this paper, we investigate whether all suppliers indeed dislike ERAs and we explore the relationships between supplier characteristics and supplier opinions of ERAs. We find that a small group of suppliers is actually positive about ERAs and that by far the strongest predictor of ERA opinions of a supplier representative is the supplier country.     

Impact of relational norms, supplier development and trust on supplier performance

Supplier relationship management and supplier development initiatives assume a fundamental role in enterprise supply chain management. An important aspect of effective supplier relationship management is the role of trust. This paper seeks to understand whether supplier relationship management or supplier development initiative should be emphasized as a firm strives to achieve superior supplier performance. The analysis and discussion draws upon sourcing strategy literature and is based on empirical survey-data of mid to upper level managers with responsibility for supply management initiatives in their respective organizations in Denmark and in the USA. It examines the interrelationships among “relational norms”, “trust”, “supplier development initiatives” and ensuing “supplier performance”. The data analysis shows that firms must emphasize relation and trust building activities before investing in supplier development initiative. Supplier perception audits must be routinely performed to gauge the level of trust and strength of relational norms.     

供应商评估和评选标准的战略分析

供应商评选标准的核心要素为质量、交期和成本,技术构成了第四个基本要素。另外四个重要指标包括响应／灵活性,法律法规脲境保护,财务管理及经营,服务。文章讨论了如何为企业量身定做一个适合自身的供应商考核的评估体系。采购部门制定的供应商评估指标要符合公司的整体战略。供应商评估体系的任务是将组织战略延伸和细化到供应链上。