应对流动性相对过乘势在必行

从商业银行流动性相对过剩问题看，我们需要思考，乃至反思已经改革的效率与内容，不能只顾金融改革的形式与进度，而忽略实质问题的改变或改进，其实商业银行流动性过剩更多体现于国有商业银行。[编者按]     

解决我国商业银行流动性过剩问题的对策研究

商业银行的流动性过剩主要存在商业银行存差持续扩大、超额准备金居高不下、货币供应量增长过快和商业银行信贷反弹过快等四大表现.商业银行体系流动性过剩问题是多种因素综合作用的结果,且其会对我国的经济金融造成一些危害,为此,本文从商业银行角度出发,对解决流动性过剩问题提出如下对策建议:优化资产结构,提高资金运用边际收益;以利率为主要变量,实施收益精细化经营;树立以客户为中心的经营理念,积极发展零售和批发业务;加快创新,增强商业银行管理能力;探索"走出去"战略的金融支持体系,加快商业银行发展以及改善金融生态环境等.     

从制度层面解决我国流动性过剩

流动性过剩问题是困扰我国经济和金融发展的难题,强制结售汇制、汇率形成机制、商业银行盈利模式以及社会保障体制等多方面因素导致了流动性过剩,化解流动性过剩必须从改善制度设计入手.     

我国商业银行流动性过剩问题初探

通常所说的流动性概念具有两层含义：第一层含是指流动性资产，即可用来支付的现金或现金类资产；第二层含义是指流动性能力，也就是指商业银行可以在适当的时间内、以适当的价格取得可用资金的能力。本文所提及的“流动性”属于第一层含义，我国银行业目前所面临的流动性过剩问题是流动性资产的过剩，它是由于商业银行在一定时期内存款较多，可供贷款的对象和可供投资的产相对较少而造成的流动性资产相对过剩。     

当前中国商业银行流动性过剩的成因及政策建议

现有的对流动性过剩原因分析多数是从定性的角度进行.事实上,商业银行流动性过剩成因复杂,必须从宏观和微观两个层面上选取具有代表性的因素加以实证分析才能得到令人信服的结论.由实证分析结果可知,我国商业银行流动性过剩是多种因素造成的,包括宏观上的外汇占款过大、居民储蓄率过高等,也包括微观上的金融市场结构不合理、直接融资相对份额不高、商业银行在经营上过于依赖存贷业务等.因此,既要改革汇率形成机制,适当抑制出口,同时也要完善社会保障机制,促进消费.     

我国商业银行流动性过剩对策分析

近几年,我国商业银行流动性过剩问题日益突出,并成为我国宏观经济诸多矛盾的焦点。本文从当前我国商业银行流动性过剩的表现及形成原因分析入手,阐述流动性过剩对我国国民经济和商业银行经营造成的不利影响,提出治理商业银行流动性过剩的途径和对策。     

解决我国商业银行流动性过剩问题的对策研究

商业银行的流动性过剩主要存在商业银行存差持续扩大、超额准备金居高不下、货币供应量增长过快和商业银行信贷反弹过快等四大表现。商业银行体系流动性过剩问题是多种因素综合作用的结果，且其会对我国的经济金融造成一些危害，为此，本文从商业银行角度出发，对解决流动性过剩问题提出如下对策建议：优化资产结构，提高资金运用边际收益；以利率为主要变量，实施收益精细化经营；树立以客户为中心的经营理念，积极发展零售和批发业务；加快创新，增强商业银行管理能力；探索“走出去”战略的金融支持体系，加快商业银行发展以及改善金融生态环境等。     

中国银行流动性过剩的成因辨析:一个新的视角

本文将银行的流动性资产分为自愿性(预防性)流动资产和非自愿性流动资产两部分.通过建立银行预防性流动资产需求模型,运用向量误差修正模型(VEC)和方差分解方法实证分析我国银行流动性过剩的原因.实证结果表明:银行间同业拆借利率、汇率波动率、存款波动率和银行存款增加是银行流动性过剩的主要原因,银行的自愿性流动资产过剩和非自愿性流动性过剩并存,银行大量的流动性资产部分是为了规避融资成本、汇率风险和存款波动等风险而持有的.     

商业银行流动性过剩的风险及对策浅析

近几年,流动性过剩已成为困扰我国经济稳定发展的突出问题,而又主要体现在商业银行体系。随着我国流动性过剩问题的日益严重,流动性过剩对商业银行的负面影响越来越大,它加剧了信贷市场过度竞争,加大了信贷风险和利率风险,导致银行经营效益受损,甚至影响我国经济的正常发展。因此,合理改变银行经营策略,降低流动性过剩带来的风险,已经势在必行。     

"双过剩"下商业银行的困境及出路

在今后一段时期，商业银行将面临产能过剩和流动性过剩的双重过剩，产能过剩与流动性过剩的二律背反将给商业银行的经营带来重大影响。商业银行一方面要加快战略转型，改善业务结构，提高资产收益，另一方面要进一步提高风险防范能力，加大风险防范力度，从而实现收益和风险的最佳平衡。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.