食用色素与食品安全

食用色素分为天色色素和人工合成色素两种，天然色素主要从植物组织中提取，也包括来自动物和微生物的一些色素。人工合成色素是指用人工化学合成方法所制造的有机色素，在添加色素的食品中，使用天然色素的不足20%，其余均为合成色素。     

黑龙江省食用天然色素开发利用的探讨

天然色素包括来自动物、植物、微生物以及矿物的色素。食用天然色素主要是植物色素。食用天然色素中的类胡萝卜素、核黄素、黄酮、花青甙和醌类化合物是人们必需的维生素来源,或参与生理代谢,具有抗菌、防治疾病的作用。近几十年来,由于食用合成色素的安全性问题,人们对食用天然色素的兴趣日增。如今,只有安全性高的食用合成色素品种才许可使用。而天然色素的品种和数量都在不断增加,有些国家食用天然色素的用量远比合成色素高。美国1976年使用的食用天然色素的用量为4544吨,是合成色素的5倍多,一些北欧国     

数学模型在黑醋栗色素提取条件优化试验中的应用

黑龙江省是黑醋栗(Black currant.别名:黑加伦)栽培和浆果加工基地,每年浆果榨汁后都排出大量果渣,被当作废料丢掉。而果渣含有大量花青素,是重要的潜在色素资源。由于天然食用色素安全、无毒,故越来越受到人们的重视,但黑醋栗果渣色素资源多年来一直未开发利用,我们以黑醋栗果渣为原料进行了色素提取工艺研究,在色素提取中,于正交试验基础上采用数学模型对黑醋栗果渣色素优化提取条件进行了探讨,确定提取温度,提取时间及溶剂配比对色素浓度和提取率影响关系的最佳提取条件。     

黑龙江省野生色素植物资源开发利用探讨

黑龙江省野生色素植物资源开发利用探讨周德本，梁鸣，李君霞天然食用色素安全胜高．深受广大消费者信赖、种类较多．色调自然、对人体有一定的营养价值，并有抗菌、防治疾病等作用、有些本身就是天然保健品天然食用色素主要是植物色素。据统计、在世界上含有食用色素的植...     

农五师发展色素菊花产业的战略思路

从色素菊花中提取的＂叶黄素＂具有丰富的营养价值及药用价值,被广泛应用于食品、保健品、化妆品、医药、烟草和动禽类饲料等多个领域,具有良好的市场前景。新疆生产建设兵团农五师具有种植色素菊花的自然条件,目前已有几家加工厂,为色素菊花产业链的进一步延伸奠定了基础。因此,应通过出台优惠政策,扶持龙头企业发展,加快基地建设,加大资金投入等措施来促进色素菊花产业的发展。     

食用天然色素提取工艺

市场上销售的果酒、汽水、果汁、果酱、糕点、冷饮等食品中的色素添加剂有的是由一些矿物质和煤焦油,通过化学方法提炼出来的,在提炼的过程中又加进了一些对人体有毒害的物质。因此,世界各国都对食品制造业使用这类色素加以限制,取代上述色素添加剂的是安全无毒的天然色素。这种无毒的安全色素提炼过程中,仅采用浸泡、压榨、浓缩等方法,成品为胶质体或固体物质。 1、红色素提取工艺:红色素是从红曲中提取出来的。现在适销的果酒、汽水等需要红色素的量极大,而红曲本身不能直接使用,需经提炼才能作色素添加剂。取红曲50公斤,放入陶瓷缸内,再加入200     

牡丹江大力发展天然色素植物万寿菊

黑龙江省牡丹江市种植的天然色素植物万寿菊已成为食品加工企业的抢手货，仅今年就签订了 4.7万亩的种植收购合同。这个市的有关人员在出国考察市场中发现，我国出口的食品中，含化学色素的食品受到冷落，页用天然色素配制的食品备受青睐。他们经过反复实验证明，代替化学色素的最佳材料之一是天然花卉万寿菊，特别是用科技手段，经过培植和改良的万寿菊，颜色不仅超过化学色素的外观效果，而且具有很高的营养价值。从 1998年以来，市里在部分地区推广种植万寿菊，去年种植面积已达 7000亩，每亩可产鲜花 2吨，收入达 1200元，比种粮收入高 …     

火龙果红色素研究进展

火龙果红色素是一类具有抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、清除自由基等多种生物活性功能的水溶性色素,国内外学者对此做了大量研究。从火龙果果皮、果肉红色素的提取、分离纯化、理化性质以及生物活性等方面展开综述,同时对火龙果色素的研究方向与应用前景进行展望,为更好地开发利用火龙果色素提供参考。     

吉林省招商引资项目系列推介

葡萄皮天然色素及葡萄籽油项目 一、招商项目简介 （一）建设背景：目前，我国在食品添加剂方面管理严格，国家倡导鼓励使用天然色素取代合成色素。项目的实施将全面提高葡萄的综合利用价值、产品的科技含量及附加值，带动并促进相关产业的发展和自然资源的深层次开发，符合国家发展循环经济的方针。     

科技信息

<正>美国修改色素添加剂法规美国近日发出通报,美国食品药物管理局(FDA)公布了一项修改色素法规的最终法规,规定了用二甲基丁二酸     

苦荞茶中非法添加色素及其质量研究

苦荞茶因其富含生物活性黄酮类有效成分而深受人们喜爱。不法商贩在劣质苦荞茶中非法添加色素冒充优质苦荞茶,使苦荞茶存在安全隐患。本文运用高效液相色谱仪对从市面上抽取的20批苦荞茶进行检测,结果发现,仅有2批检出非法添加有柠檬黄;7批芦丁含量0.63~6.24g·kg-1(剩余13批未检出),18批中含有槲皮素含量1.09~17.05 g·kg-1(其余2批未检出),为食品监督部门评价苦荞茶提供依据。     

豆粕中大豆低聚糖脱色工艺的研究

以脱脂大豆豆粕为原料,利用乙醇为有机溶剂浸提大豆低聚糖,提取后用活性炭脱除提取液中的色素。通过单因素和正交实验,采用活性炭对大豆低聚糖粗提取液行脱色的最佳工艺参数为:活性炭添加量1.5%,pH值3.0,时间20min,温度40℃的条件下,脱色率为35.7%。     

CO_2浓度升高对植物光合作用的影响

近年来大气中CO_2浓度急剧增加。CO_2作为植物光合作用的底物,其浓度的升高必然对植物生长产生影响。本文从植物叶片形态结构、光合色素含量和光合速率三个方面,阐述了大气CO_2浓度升高对植物光合作用产生的影响。     

引种紫花槭叶色表现及其应用

研究了哈尔滨地区引种的优良庭院观赏树种紫花槭的叶色表现以及其在园林中的应用。紫花槭叶色表现与叶片色素含量呈现规律性变化,且两者之间存在显著的相关性。探讨了紫花槭在园林中的配置模式,为彩叶树种的园林应用提供了依据。     

土地利用国家干预的若干理论问题

研究目的:阐明土地利用国家干预的理论依据,为选择合理的干预方式、手段和力度提供理论支持,澄清关于土地宏观调控和微观规制的错误认识。研究方法:比较借鉴,逻辑演绎,实证分析。研究结果:土地利用国家干预的理论渊源包括经济学关于市场经济条件下“市场失灵”和“政府失灵”的理论,以及政治学、社会学关于个体失律、社会失范和价值目标的相关理论;土地利用国家干预具有坚实的合法性基础,也有其局限性;土地利用国家干预应包括宏观调控和微观规制两种方式,二者都是不可或缺的制度安排。研究结论:应当结合国家干预理论、土地特性和中国国情选择土地利用国家干预的方式和手段。     

The Effect of Agricultural Zoning on Rural Residential Property Values: An Application to Ontario's Greenbelt

Although previous studies on property value effects of land use policies have focused primarily on agricultural properties and on residential properties in close proximity to preserved areas, this paper examines for the effect on rural residential property values within the preserved area. This effect is examined in the context of Ontario's Greenbelt legislation, which prohibits urban development of rural land within a large area around the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). This preserved area includes not only agricultural properties but also a substantial amount of rural residential properties due to proximity to the GTA. With the amenity value that rural residential properties derive from the surrounding rural landscape, the imposed development restrictions that permanently preserve this open space are anticipated to increase the values of these properties. This expectation is confirmed by the results of a hedonic approach, which indicate a positive effect on the values of rural residential properties within the Greenbelt's boundary. This effect is found to be greater for properties with more surrounding open space and those that are relatively closer to the GTA. These results also provide an estimate of the property value impact of converting all surrounding developable open space to permanently preserved open space.     

粮食及其制品中植酸的研究进展

植酸是一种有机磷酸类化合物,广泛存在于常见的植物性食物中,是粮食作物中的固有组成成分.植酸由于其自身的结构及性质,它的存在会影响人体对所需营养物质的吸收、利用,常被认为是一种抗营养物质.综述了植酸的抗营养作用,在粮食作物中的基本分布以及不同加工方式对植酸含量的影响.     

PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND ARBITRAGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND WOOL MARKETS*

The physical characteristics of wool are important determinants of its spinning properties, yarn quality and end use. The degree to which wools from different countries of origin may be substituted has important implications for the domestic marketing policies of Australia and New Zealand. The hypothesis examined in this paper is that the differences in wool prices can be explained by differences in the physical characteristics of the wool and that objective measures of these characteristics allow for effective arbitrage between these markets. The alternative hypothesis is that premiums or discounts exist owing to country of origin. A hedonic price analysis was conducted on wool prices in Australia and New Zealand using a balanced sample of sale lot data from the 1986-87 selling season. In the year examined, there was no evidence of any price premiums associated with country of origin.     

Owned or rented—does it matter? Agricultural land use change within farm properties,case studies from Norway

In Norway and many other countries agriculture has moved toward less, but bigger farms. Total agricultural area has not been much affected mainly due to land tenancy. In this study we used aerial photographs to map land use and land cover in agricultural areas at present and in the mid-sixties. Three study sites were chosen, representing areas of differences with respect to drivers of change and possible differences in their landscape outcome. Maps from the two periods were used to produce transition matrices for the three areas as well as within each farm property. Our main finding on acreage change is that fully cultivated land increases and pastures decreases. A novel feature in our study is that we also include land use changes within single properties. In all three places a large share of the fully cultivated land in the sixties remains fully cultivated land irrespectively of whether the land is in use by its owner or is rented. When we looked at increases of fully cultivated land, the results are mixed. In the less favorable region, ownership to land versus rented land helps explain the variation in gain of fully cultivated land as well as maintained total agricultural area. However, in the case study from the grain region, whether a farm property today is in use as own land or rented, do not help explain the variation in changes within the data sample of farm properties larger than one hectare.     

THE CONSTANT DIFFERENCE OF ELASTICITIES FUNCTION WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE EC ANIMAL FEED SECTOR

Unlike those flexible functional forms which are local approximations, the ‘Constant Difference of Elasticities’ (CDE) function is globally well-behaved. Due to its properties and parsimony in the number of parameters, the CDE functional form offers many potential applications. Two empirical applications are presented. First, aggregate CDE input demand functions are specified and estimated econometrically for the feed concentrate markets in Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The second empirical application illustrates how a matrix of compensated price elasticities can be obtained with only a priori knowledge of its direct and diagonal elements. The suggested approach exploits some of the properties of the Allen elasticities of substitution associated with the CDE functional form.