农户小额信贷担保基金运作中的问题及对策

农户小额信贷担保基金的设立和运作,发挥了连接＂银、农＂的桥梁和纽带作用,促进了农民增收,农业增效。当前,农户小额信贷担保基金尚处于萌芽阶段,如何在低风险运营的前提下,扩大和完善农户小额信贷担保基金,具有非常重要的意义。本文以慈溪市农户小额信贷担保公司为例,分析了农户小额信贷担保基金运作中的存在问题,提出了相应的对策措施。     

西部小额信贷对农户收入影响的实证研究

通过实地调查、模型分析和数据验证,研究了西部地区小额信贷和农户收入的相关性,认为小额信贷对农户收入具有显著影响,且影响是正向的。农户能获得小额信贷,并直接用于生产活动,农户收入增加就明显。文章进一步分析了西部地区小额信贷影响农户收入的不利因素,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

贫困地区农户信贷需求与信贷规模差异性分析——基于贵州与内蒙的比较

为了解释农户信贷需求难以实现的原因,文章采用Heckman两阶段模型,从农户需求意愿和规模两个方面,实证分析了贫困地区农户信贷行为的影响因素,研究发现:农户的小额信贷认知、区域异质性和家庭人力资本是影响农户小额信贷需求意愿和规模的最重要的三个因素。具体地,了解小额信贷政策的家庭其信贷需求规模比不了解的家庭平均提高了9.65倍;另外,内蒙古地区农户信贷需求规模比贵州地区的农户高了12.63倍。因此,文章建议政府应该向农户提供更多的金融教育来提高他们对小额信贷的认知程度,从而增加他们的信贷需求并且提高他们获得信贷的可能性;并且,不同地区金融机构应根据当地农户的需求特征制定不同的小额信贷产品,以满足农户的金融需求。     

我国小额信贷发展研究

本文对国内外小额信贷的发展及其需求的经验实证进行了综述,阐述了小额信贷需求研究的相关理论基础,在此基础上对衡阳县农户进行调查,用Tobit法分析衡阳县农村农户小额信贷需求影响因素,发现影响农户小额信贷需求主要因素是农户的受教育水平、收入水平、农业及非农业的生产支出。在以上实证分析基础上,本文从多角度分析了国内农村小额信贷需求不平衡的原因,最后提出了满足农民小额信贷需求的相关信贷政策与建议。     

对于我国农户小额信贷问题的探讨

农户小额信贷被引进中国,其目的是解决中国的贫困人口问题,增加贫困人口的收入。大力推广农户小额信贷是促进农村经济发展的需要,但是在其推广过程中,由于多种原因致使农户小额信贷发放存在诸多问题。本论文针对这些问题逐条提出解决方案,尽一切努力减少农户小额信贷潜在的风险。     

农村公益性小额信贷现状研究——基于贫困户需求视角的分析

文章基于对山东省嘉祥县3个乡镇(卧龙山镇、大张楼镇、马村镇)小额信贷情况的农户调查数据,从需求视角出发,分析得出小额信贷需求的影响因素和贫困农户需求不足的原因。发现以扶贫为设计初衷的农村小额信贷项目实际参与对象已从中、低收入贫困户转向进行非农生产性经营的中等偏上收入户和高收入农户,并且生产性小额信贷资金多被农户用于消费性支出。最后,文章尝试提出了一些公益性小额信贷的新思路和新模式。     

我国农户小额信贷的风险及其防范

农户小额信贷的快速发展，在很大程度上解决了农村金融需求与金融供给不匹配的问题，有效缓解了广大农户特别是低收入和贫困农户贷款难的困境，有效支持了农业和农村经济发展，促进了农民脱贫致富。但是，由于外部因素扰动和信贷机构内部运作不当影响农户小额信贷的持续、健康发展。因此，针对风险成因从农户、信贷机构、政府三个层面设计合理的、有针对性的信贷风险防控机制，对于我国农户小额信贷的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

新疆农村信用社小额信贷与农户收入增长实证分析

农村小额信贷的既有实践是否对增加新疆农户收入有贡献,这是关乎小额信贷如何在新疆农村深化发展的直接经验。本文基于在新疆典型地区实地调研获取的抽样数据,通过建立回归模型,分析得出新疆农村信用社开展的小额信贷与农户收入呈正相关关系,即新疆农村信用社开展的农户小额信用贷款有利于农户收入的增长,并提出新疆农村信用社应扩大农户小额信贷规模、深化农村信用社内控管理、协调与政府关系等方面的建议。     

我国农户小额信贷的现状及对策

农户小额信贷作为信贷支农的主要内容之一,从开设之初就因其手续简便、惠及面广、对解决农户小额资金需求有其独特的作用,深受农户喜爱。但截至目前,我国小额信贷的发展状况仍然难以满足社会经济发展的要求,面临着一系列问题。本文试图就农户小额信贷面临的主要风险及防范对策做简要的分析。     

我国农村小额信贷的规模确定问题探索

2010年印度小额信贷危机的发生,使我们对小额信贷规模问题加深了认识,本文通过对农村小额信贷市场需求分析,建立数学模型,得出结论:小额信贷的农户年人均收入和农产品生产价格水平是需求规模确定的关键因素。笔者并结合我国现存农村小额信贷问题,提出了若干相应的建议。     

Trial experience,satisfaction and incentive to bring another lawsuit: Does aspiration level influence winners and losers?

This paper used individual level data in Japan to explore how a complainant's past trial experience influences their satisfaction and incentive to bring a future lawsuit. Controlling for kinds of incidents and a complainant's individual characteristics, the major findings were; (1) there is a positive relationship between the experience and satisfaction for winners, whereas there is a significant negative relationship for losers, and (2) experience exerts a positive effect on the intention to bring a future lawsuit, not only for winners but also for losers. These results imply that, for losers, a past experience enhances the incentive to bring a future lawsuit, although the experience decreases a complainant's satisfaction.     

明确服务型政府的转型目标

在市场经济大环境下,服务型政府的构建已经迫在眉睫。然而由于长期计划体制下管制型政府的影响,我国在构建服务型政府的过程中还存在很多误区。因此,我们有必要明确服务型政府的转型目标,建设一个民主、法制、有限、透明、负责、高效的政府。     

《葛特露与克劳狄斯》中两性婚姻观之比较

约翰·厄普代克以女性视角为莎剧《哈姆莱特》撰写了一部“前传”——《葛特露与克劳狄斯》,将关注中心由男性转换为女性,建构了一个具有女性话语特征的文本。葛特露在读者眼中化身为冲破世俗观念追求婚姻自由与幸福的代表。但事实上,在与克劳狄斯的婚姻中,她并未摆脱与老哈姆莱特王婚姻中被利用的命运,再次成为男性,尤其是“政客”达到政治目的的筹码。     

Unit root tests with double trend breaks and the 1990s recession in Japan

This paper applies to Japanese macroeconomic series unit root tests that allow for the possibility of up to two endogenous break points. The presence of a single structural break around the first oil price shock in 1973 turns out to be very sensitive to the amplitude of the data sample and, in particular, it disappears when one extends the sample to the observations of the 1990s. This may indicate the presence of a second structural break, the existence of which is tested with a unit root test with a two-break alternative hypothesis for which we compute finite sample critical values. Interestingly enough, the hypothesis of the absence of a second break occurring in the 1990s can be rejected. Such results seem to indicate that the deep recession of the 1990s in Japan may not be the reflection of a negative output-gap, but that of a fall in the growth trend of output as a consequence of a huge productivity shock.     

全球化背景下中国人才流失的环境因素——基于全球58国的比较分析

在经济全球化背景下,发展中国家人才流失问题突出。中国同样面临着这个问题的严峻考验。本文从考察人才流失的环境角度进行分析,建立了人才环境三级指标体系并计算出生活环境指数、工作环境指数和宏观环境指数。通过建立回归方程,我们发现人才流失和环境指数有很强的相关关系,说明改善人才环境能很好解决当前人才流失问题。文章最后根据我国实际情况,给出了相关的政策建议。     

Remittances,Monetary Policy,and Partial Sterilization

Remittances play a large and important role in certain economies, where they became a significant share of GDP. Official government records of these flows have been systematically improved since governments realized their importance, but a significant percentage of remittances remain unrecorded. This, together with the shadow economy, may pose a problem for monetary policy. This article uses a limited participation model to examine the differential effect that higher shares of remittances can have on monetary policy and describes the impact of remittances on a small open economy under partial sterilization. It demonstrates how a typical monetary shock will lead to a more pronounced liquidity effect when remittances become a higher proportion of GDP. It also shows that a positive remittance shock improves consumption and lowers interest rates, but as it also reduces work effort it momentarily lowers output. Such dynamics are exacerbated as the degree of partial sterilization is accentuated.     

包容性发展与老龄者宜居城市建设

包容性发展的内涵强调以人为本,其核心价值契合了宜居城市建设理念。宜居,是城市建设的重要理念和基础条件,包容性是宜居城市的重要指标之一。人口老龄化对宜居城市建设提出新要求,要实现老有所居、老有所乐、老有所求、老有所养等价值,有必要探讨城市老龄者公共服务的跟进、老年人居住政策以及环境的协调发展。宏观层面加强老龄者宜居的城市大环境建设,实现老年人生活便利化、公共安全保障、居住保障;中观层面重视社区建设,完善社区养老服务功能;微观层面进行老龄者居室无障碍化建设。同时,需要政府转变城市管理观念,在城市系统建设及微观领域应对老龄问题加强政策指导和调控,加强城市为老服务信息化建设,不断充实城市养老助老服务人才保障,并调动家庭和社会力量承担共同责任。     

Minimum wage,trade and unemployment in general equilibrium

The path‐breaking work of Card and Krueger, showing that a higher minimum wage can increase employment, turned the age‐old conventional wisdom on its head. This paper demonstrates that this apparently paradoxical result is perfectly plausible in a competitive general equilibrium production structure of a small open economy with a non‐traded good, without recourse to monopsony, spatial heterogeneity, heterogeneity of consumers and so on, the usual theoretical drivers behind the result. Following Jones and Marjit, we build a simple general equilibrium model with production complementarity and we show that a higher minimum wage can raise aggregate employment. Expansion in the non‐traded sector following a wage hike may be consistent with the overall expansion of the export sector in a multi‐good framework, an unlikely outcome in a conventional two‐good model which cannot accommodate with production complementarity.     

数字孪生技术在智慧机场建设中的应用综述

数字孪生技术融合多种信息化技术，为虚拟现实和计算机仿真等方面提供了技术支撑，也是未来人类建立虚拟世界的必要条件。作为航班起降港口的机场一直被看作是一个城市甚至一个国家的门户，为此通过建立基于数字孪生技术的虚拟机场，不仅可以为机场管理人员和航班保障人员提供更直观更高效的工作模式，也可为旅客提供更多的服务体验。通过描述数字孪生机场的技术概念和建立方式，并对数字孪生技术在航班保障运行、安全应急处理、旅客出行服务等业务应用场景进行阐述和分析，为数字孪生机场的相关研究和应用提供理论依据。     

Coexistence of large firms and less efficient small firms under price competition with free entry

This study constructs a game of technology selection and Bertrand-like price competition in a market with free entry. It demonstrates the existence of a Nash equilibrium in which a small number of firms adopting a large-scale technology coexist with, and charge a lower price than, a large number of firms adopting a small-scale technology. In this equilibrium, both available technologies and resources are allocated efficiently. This result provides a new economic rationale for antitrust law in general and, in particular, the US Sherman Act, wchich regards free entry and price competition as of foremost importance for maintaining market quality.