中小企业融资理论综述

目前,中小企业已经成为推动经济和社会发展的重要力量,但是融资难依然是制约其发展的难题。关于企业融资的理论研究,资本结构理论在现代经济学中居于主导地位,该理论主要侧重于定量研究,而企业金融成长周期理论则更侧重于从动态的角度解释企业在不同成长阶段所需要的不同融资需求。本文通过对西方的资本结构理论和企业金融成长周期理论进行梳理和综述,以期对中小企业的成长和发展具有一定的理论指导意义。     

关于西方资本结构理论的几点思考

静态均衡理论和优序融资理论为西方资本结构理论的两大主流理论,其对企业的融资行为产生了巨大的影响.主流资本结构理论都忽略了对资本结构调整速度的研究,只注重企业价值最大化与资本结构之间关系的论述,忽略了对企业资本结构优化措施的具体分析.西方主流资本结构理论在一定程度上能够解释中国企业融资实践,但是否能适用于中国企业,目前而言还难以定论.     

国外资本结构模型研究综述

现代财务理论认为,企业财务目标是实现企业价值最大化.实现这一习标的途径是在资本结构以及股利两大财务决策之间寻求最优组合.本文对西方企业探寻最优资本结构的基础资本结构理论的发展进行了回顾与概述,希望能寿国内研究提供参考.     

反思企业的资本经营行为

随着中国金融市场不断发展完善，资本经营在企业的成长和发展过程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。但是，中国的企业所进行的资本运作越来越偏离资本经营的理论基础，甚至在西方发达国家也出现了类似的情形。本文通过梳理资本经营的理论与实证数据，揭示出资本经营的本质，并提出相应的政策建议。     

商业银行的性质：传统理论反思与重新解释

“商业银行”这一称谓具有历史性。传统的货币银行理论把商业银行的性质界定为一种特殊的金融企业。这一传统观点不能揭示商业银行的本质。本文通过对传统货币银行理论关于商业银行性质的观点进行反思，并运用现代企业理论，从一个崭新的视角对商业银行的产生和性质进行重新解释：商业银行实质上是一种特殊的市场契约。其产生在于市场契约的不充备性和市场的不确定性，其功能在于降低交易成本     

西方资本结构理论发展评析

资本结构理论是财务管理理论的重要组成部分,对企业融资行为产生重要影响。本文沿西方资本结构主流理论发展脉络,阐述并评析早期及现代资本结构理论,以期对我国企业融资决策提供有益借鉴。     

股票期权制的技术难点与对策

股票期权薪酬制（ESO）是发达国家激励经营者的一种重要手段。目前，美国90%以上的纳斯达克上市公司以及全球500强企业中89%的企业已实行了这种制度，并取得很好的效果。其理论基础主要是人力资本产权理论与代理理论。现代企业是财务资本和知识能力资本这两种资本及其所有权之间的复杂合约。企业里的人力资本保证了非人力资本的保值，增值和扩张。如何充分动员各种     

关于现代西方产权理论的认识与思考

产权方法在将产权变量引入经济学分析框架后，已展示了一些让人称道的分析前景。综合国内外献，可将现代企业理论分为企业产权理论、企业契约理论、委托代理理论、企业治理理论等。最终确认现代西方产权理论是企业理论的重要组成部分。     

关于现代西方产权理论的认识与思考

产权方法在将产权变量引入经济学分析框架后,已展示了一些让人称道的分析前景。综合国内外文献,可将现代企业理论分为企业产权理论、企业契约理论、委托代理理论、企业治理理论等。最终确认现代西方产权理论是企业理论的重要组成部分。     

浅谈中国现代企业制度下成本管理的理论与实践

随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,现代企业制度下的成本管理问题也成为企业关注的重要内容。为提升企业的竞争优势,需引用相关的成本管理理论进行企业成本的分析,在此基础上使企业的管理与决策具有可供参考的依据。然而相比西方发达国家,由于市场经济在我国起步较晚,许多企业成本管理方面仍存在一定的不足之处,使企业在发展过程中遇到一定的瓶颈,所以需深入研究其相关理论并应用于实践中。本文主要对现代企业制度下企业相关成本管理的理论分析与具体实践应用进行探析。     

理论中的企业所有权:悖论性质及其超越

本文认为,无论用剩余索取权还是用剩余控制权抑或用这两种剩余权利的统一体来定义企业所有权,由于其对企业自然属性的忽视以及考察企业所有权的方法存在的问题,导致其无法规避理论上的悖论性结果。文章提出,为跨出这种理论上的悖论境地,必须寻找新的途径对企业所有权进行重新界定。在企业理论中,如果涉及到企业所有权,就简单地直接使用法律上的企业所有权概念;而研究那些"实际存在"的权利的时候,就使用产权这一概念,因为产权本来就表示一组权利。     

Venture capital reputation: a blessing or a curse for entrepreneurial firm innovation—a contingent effect of industrial distance

This study investigates whether venture capital reputation is a blessing or a curse for entrepreneurial firm innovation by using data from 1553 observations of venture capital investments on entrepreneurial firms in China’s New Over-the-Counter (OTC) Market. Advantages that venture capital brings to entrepreneurial firms have been widely acknowledged in extant research. However, our research emphasizes the potential resource outflows rather than inflows when firms are embedded in a shared reputable venture capital, and finds that the curse effect of venture capital reputation on entrepreneurial firms is manifested. Furthermore, we develop the concept of venture capital “intra-industrial reputation” and “extra-industrial reputation” to give a contingent answer to the “blessing or curse” question. The conclusions are drawn indicating that the curse effect is contingent on industrial distance. Venture capital intra-industrial reputation is positively linked to entrepreneurial firm innovation, whereas extra-industrial reputation exerts a strong negative impact, which is responsible for the curse effect.     

论我国资本市场功能缺陷的深层次原因--基于资本成本的分析

本文认为,我国资本市场功能被严重扭曲的根本原因在于我国虽然引进了资本市场的框架,但在财务理论中却没有同时引进与资本市场配套的资本成本概念.并剖析了我国财务理论界定义资本成本时名为资本成本实为资金成本的现象产生的原因,从根本上区别了中西方财务理论中的资本成本概念.在此基础上论证了投资者的资本成本意识才是资本市场发挥正常功能的必要条件.为了在我国资本市场重塑投资者的资本成本意识,本文提出了加快建设硬约束的低端信用资本市场的解决措施.     

Accumulating human capital: Corporate innovation and firm value

We empirically document that industries that are more R&D intensive exhibit disproportionately greater innovation quantity and better innovation quality in economies with more human capital. Firm-level evidence confirms that innovation is an important channel through which firm responds to labor market conditions. Further analyses show that in economies with greater human capital, firms better able to innovate exhibit larger increase in labor productivity and capital–labor ratio, an effect driven by deceases in employment and increase in intangible capital investment. By facilitating the adjustment in input mix and capital structure, human capital accumulation allows firms with high innovation ability to enhance firm equity value and improve firm performance.     

国际贸易理论研究的新动向——基于异质企业的研究

主流国际贸易理论均基于同质企业的假定来分析国际贸易的原因和影响。近年来以Melitz为代表的经济学家开始将企业异质性纳入国际贸易理论研究。本文以被Helpman称为基石性的Melitz"贸易对行业内资源配置与生产率的影响"一文为基础,介绍当前"新"贸易理论①的主要理论框架、主要观点和贸易自由化的经济效应。     

Is the Culture of Family Firms Really Different? A Value-based Model for Its Survival through Generations

The current work represents a piece of research on the family firm of the semasiological, interpretive or culture creation type. In it we carry out a comparative analysis of the organizational culture of this type of firm along with firms not considered to be family firms, using as theoretical framework generally accepted theories in business administration, such as the systems, neoinstitutional, transformational leadership, and social identity theories. Our findings confirm the existence of certain elements of culture, especially values and allow us to propose a value-based model to help family firms to survive through different family generations.     

Firm factors, industry structure and performance variation: New empirical evidence to a classic debate

The quest to understand the determinants of performance has created a bifurcated view. On one side of the debate are the structural characteristics of industries. On the other side of the debate are firm-specific resources. However, in recent years, the nature of competition and the shifting of economic conditions have led to increased challenges of the assumptions upon which industry structure theories have been built. In today's business environment, arguments suggest that structural characteristics of industries are becoming less relevant determinants of performance while firm resources are becoming the basis upon which firms compete. Through studying 285 Australian firms, this research explores the relative importance of distinct resources and industry structure variables in explaining firm-level performance variation. Across the aggregated sample, the results demonstrate that resources are more important than industry structure. In service firms, resources are found to be much more important to explaining performance variation than in manufacturing firms. Lastly, in both manufacturing and services firms, intangible assets and capabilities explain performance variation while, as hypothesized, tangible resources do not.     

Effect of Alliance Orientation on Firm Performance: An Empirical Study on High-Technology Firms in China

Based upon the dynamic-capability view and social capital theory, this paper examines the effect of alliance orientation on firm performance. Hypotheses are tested with data collected from 195 high-tech firms in China. Results show that alliance orientation has a significant and positive effect on firm performance. Moreover, market dynamism exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between alliance orientation and firm performance, whereas technological dynamism negatively moderates the relationship. Moreover, relational capital partially mediates the same relationship and the interaction effects of alliance orientation and market dynamism on firm performance.     

Editorial Note

This study empirically explores the relationship between firm characteristics and capital structure in Sri Lankan companies. Six years of data for 158 firms listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange are analyzed using a conditional quantile regression. The findings indicate that the capital structure of Sri Lankan firms differ between firms in different quantiles of leverage. These differences are significant with the sign of explanatory variables change with the level of leverage. The results indicate that individual firm’s finance policy needs to be responsive to the firm characteristics and should match with the different borrowing requirements of listed firms.     

The role of entrepreneurial capital in building service reputation

This paper uses theories of capital to discuss the impact of non-financial capital on small service firm reputation and performance. As the success of service firms is predicated on the ability to develop relationships and build reputation with key stakeholders, theories of capital provide a relevant conceptual framework for exploring the use of non-financial capital in building such relationships. Drawing on findings from a qualitative study, this paper discusses the economic, human, social, and symbolic capital of a matched-pairs sample of male and female entrepreneurs in the business services sector. The results highlight a relationship between symbolic capital and service reputation. Specifically, the interplay between economic, human, and social capital generates the symbolic capital relevant for service reputation and firm performance.