波动率指数：基本原理和国际经验

随着金融投资全球化，如何提供更完善的风险管理产品成为交易所产品发展的特征之一。目前国际上许多交易所编制了波动率指数（VIX），并以此为标的提供新产品，为投资者提供波动率避险的工具。本文对波动率指数（VIX）的计算原理进行了梳理和比较，并对其表现进行了归纳总结，以供国内相关金融衍生品的设计和发展借鉴。     

股指期货2007年破茧

中国金融衍生品交易所的诞生是2006年资本市场的一件大事，意味着国内从此拥有了专门从事金融衍生品交易的场所，也意味着越来越多的金融衍生品将在该交易所诞生。2007年股指期会正式推出，这对广大投资者而言会带来投资机会。     

金融衍生品：交易所发展不可或缺的一环

金融衍生品是20世纪“最令人激动的金融创新”，对于整个资本市场来说。它直接提供了风险管理工具和投资工具，强化了市场的投资功能，而且由于其不可替代的价格发现和定价功能，极大地强化了市场的融资、投资功能。对于交易所来说，金融衍生产品改变了交易所的传统盈利模式和运作方式，全球交易所出现了衍生产品和现货一体化的发展趋势。     

国际

欧盟否决德交所与纽交所合并请求 日前欧盟委员会发布公告说，鉴于德意志证券交易所和纽约泛欧证券交易所的合并有可能引发欧洲金融衍生品市场交易的垄断，欧委会已正式否决了两个交易所的合并申请。公告说，若两个交易所合并，新产生的交易所将控制欧洲金融衍生品交易市场90％以上的交易量，     

海运风险管理创新：运费衍生品发展的启示

运费衍生品是航运业规避海运风险管理的工具，而我国企业对此极少了解和极少参与。2004年以来的运费价格巨大波动带动了衍生品市场的快速发展，市场参与者构成的变化，交易所间争夺产品开发，这些发展志势应引起各方关注。回顾运费衍生产品和市场的发展，总结成败得失，对我国航运业风险管理和金融衍生产品的创新都有着非常重要的启示作用。     

SPAN保证金系统及其国内应用价值分析

SPAN保证金系统由于具有动态性、风险计量的精确性和应用的广泛性等特点而被全球50多家交易所结算所采用。本文在对SPAN保证金系统原理进行介绍的基础上,结合国内静态期货交易保证金制度的现状和存在的弊端,认为引进SPAN保证金系统具有能够促进国内期货市场功能有效发挥、适应国内衍生产品未来发展要求、提高国内期货交易所国际竞争力等诸多重要现实意义。     

国际交易所交易衍生品市场的发展趋势

近年来，国际交易所交易衍生品市场呈现出金融衍生品成为市场主导、交易所之间的竞争日趋激烈、交易所股份制改造蔚然成风、交易所清算业务走向合并和另类衍生品层出不穷等五大趋势。     

我国金融衍生品投资风险控制探析

金融衍生品可以用来避险、投机,同时也蕴藏着巨大的风险.在一系列的由金融衍生品交易而起的恶性经济事件发生后,如何对金融衍生品进行风险管理就成为金融理论研究界最为关注的问题.企业应从强化风险意识、健全风险控制系统、培养金融衍生品的高端人才等方面来规避金融衍生品投资的风险.     

场外金融衍生品交易市场的发展探析

文章对金融衍生品市场的发展进行追溯，论证了场外金融衍生品市场的发展是金融创新发展的必然，是风险管理的必然。而中国的商业银行是金融衍生品市场的新生力量。     

论述金融衍生产品风险防范与管理

如今金融市场的投资有着国际化和全球化的趋势,在这样的形势下,金融衍生产品在金融工具创新中也越来越重要。宏观经济因素的波动,可能导致市场风险也越来越大。这样,市场对金融衍生品的需求量也会变大,从而也扩大了衍生品的市场交易规模。正因为这样,我们需要针对一系列的具有风险的衍生品和资产组合进行有效的管理,找到更加有用的风险管理方法。     

Can knowledge based systems be designed to counteract deskilling effects?

Recent calls in the information systems research community argue that we know intelligent systems deskill users, and future research should focus on how to design systems that do not deskill, rather than continue to examine whether the phenomenon occurs. This should be a wakeup call for public accounting firms focused on implementing restrictive audit support systems, which leads to de-skilling of novice accounting professionals. Our research focuses on redesigning knowledge-based systems to facilitate expertise development and counteract the de-skilling effects that result from use of such systems. Specifically, we manipulate the design of the system interface by providing information cues in a screen format consistent with expert knowledge representations and manipulate automatic provision versus voluntary use of explanations for users during task completion. Results show that after using the knowledge-based system to complete a series of reenacted client engagements over a three-day period, both the interface design manipulation and automatic provision of explanations had a positive effect on novice accounting professionals’ development of expert-like knowledge structures. The results of the study have important implications for the development of knowledge-based systems intended to support accounting professionals’ (and other knowledge workers’) expertise development processes.     

Legal System and Trade Credit: Evidence from Emerging Economies

Using a large-scale, firm-level dataset from 68 emerging economies for the period of 2002–2006 compiled by the World Bank, we find that legal systems have a positive and significant impact on the provision of trade credit. This result is robust to the inclusion of conventional controls used in the literature, to alternate specifications that address endogeneity and measurement error problems, and to different measures of trade credit and legal systems. Legal systems have a larger impact on trade credit for firms with overdraft facilities than for those without overdraft facilities, and the impact of legal systems on trade credit is significant in more developed countries but not in less developed countries.     

The Implementation of Innovative Management Accounting Systems

This paper reports on innovations in management accounting systems (MAS) in three Australian manufacturing enterprises. The study is based on the premise that systems characteristics of the MAS innovations develop in response to triggers for adoption, and the outcomes achieved from the innovative systems will depend on the effective implementation of the costing systems. The MAS innovations implemented include activity-based costing, activity-based management, benchmarking, integrated budgetary system, key performance indicators and balanced scorecards. Five factors influencing the successful implementation of innovative MAS are proposed: commitment to the initiatives; a successful pilot application; incremental development; appropriate training; and integration with other processes and systems.     

Towards a framework for the study of the antecedents and consequences of information systems in organizations

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly emphasizing the need for the development of new forms of information systems to meet the changing requirements of their organizational users. If changes in information systems are to occur, they will need to be based on a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents and consequences of such systems within organizations. By focussing on the relationship which exists at the interface between information systems and their organizational context, the paper presents a framework within which systems can be studied and their consequences explained. In so doing, considerable importance is attached to the part played by the beliefs and expectations of those involved with both the development and use of information and control systems.     

Using a systems framework to develop higher level thinking skills in cost/management accounting: Experimental evidence

The teaching of learning and thinking skills has become a primary objective of accounting education. Recent cognitive research has emphasized the importance of a framework for the organization of knowledge in attaining these skills. This paper examines whether a systems framework leads to improved long-term learning and higher level thinking skills. The systems framework involves the identification of objectives, users, inputs, and outputs, in addition to the calculation process. A learning experiment was conducted in which the systems framework was used for organizing material presented to students and for practice exercises. This study suggests that the systems framework enhances long term learning and higher level thinking skills. These results support the recent emphasis on information systems in accounting education.     

不同融资制度下的金融中介发展

在任何一种经济中都需要建立一种金融机构与证券市场能够共同发挥作用的、完善的金融体系。但是,考虑到各种经济制度建立基础和发展历史与传统上的差异,以及金融体系与企业部门之间的关系不同,各国金融体系的架构并不需要保持完全的一致。本文从不同融资制度中金融中介的作用,探讨经济中金融中介的发展。     

Expert Systems in Accountancy: A Review of Some Recent Applications

This paper assesses the current and likely impact of expert systems on the accounting community.

The paper begins by briefly reviewing about twenty financially-oriented systems, including those which model expertise in the sub-domains of auditing, taxation advice, financial planning and business risk assessment. The predominantly narrow view taken by some authors in the literature is noted. An attempt is made to broaden this view by ascertaining why particular classes of application might have been chosen in preference to others, and to comment on the significance of this choice. The number and scope of applications are analysed, and some observations are made on their current state of development. Some conclusions are drawn on the suitability of expert systems for traditional accountancy tasks, and an assessment of their current level of success is made. Their likely future impact is considered and the conclusion is drawn that there are still many stumbling blocks in the way of successful implementations of large scale systems but that a useful niche may exist for smaller systems.     

Indigenous Land Rights Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Constraint on Productivity?

This article uses cross-sectional evidence from Ghana, Kenya,and Rwanda in 1987–88 to examine the question, Are indigenousland rights systems in Sub-Saharan Africa a constraint on productivity?The evidence supports the hypothesis suggested by historicalstudies, that African indigenous land rights systems have spontaneouslyevolved from systems of communal control towards individualizedrights in response to increases in commercialization and populationpressure. Cross-sectional data on the incidence of land improvementsand on land yields provide little support for the view thatlimitations under indigenous law on the right to transfer landare a constraint on productivity.     

Framing,decision-aid systems,and culture: Exploring influences on fraud investigations

We conducted an experiment to investigate the influence of the framing of reports, the type of decision-aid system, and the cultural background of the decision maker on the intention to investigate fraud. We compared decisions made from reports generated by automated and manual systems to explore whether automated systems exacerbated or ameliorated the framing bias. We also explored whether the cultural background of participants—Americans and Mexicans—influenced the decision. Results indicated that the influence of type of system and framing are culturally dependent. When the framing highlights the possibility of the results being incorrect, people take a more cautious approach and the intention to investigate fraud is lower compared to the framing that highlights the probability of the results being correct. Automated systems appear to ameliorate the framing bias in the American sample and preserve the framing bias in the Mexican sample. The reason for the different impact of automated systems appears to be in how Americans and Mexicans perceive decision-aid systems. Americans are less likely to trust automated systems and more likely to trust manual systems than Mexicans. Mexicans, on the other hand, rely more on automated systems and evaluate their reputation at a higher level than Americans.     

A perspective on systems science and systems philosophy

A philosophical survey of systems science and systems philosophy is offered to provide an integrated, if personal, view of the ideas within the contemporary systems movement. An attempt is made to establish the validity of the two disciplines by meeting some of the criticisms levelled at the systems paradigm—particularly Sir Karl Popper's attacks on holistic thought. During the discourse the arguments that rage around reductionism and holism will be seen to contain some confused thinking, and it is suggested that the philosophy, theories and methods in systems science and systems philosophy offer a means for bringing reductionism and holism into a satisfactory alliance.