非审计服务、盈余管理与审计质量——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文以2001～2004年A股上市公司为研究对象,在国内首次验证了会计师事务所向审计客户同时提供审计与非审计服务,是否会允许管理当局有较大的盈余操纵空间,以探讨非审计服务的提供是否会影响注册会计师独立审计的质量。实证研究结果显示:在我国,控制了其他影响因素后,非审计服务的提供与异常应计数正相关,但不具有统计显著性。这表明,在我国,没有证据显示,非审计服务会的提供会损害注册会计师审计独立性及审计质量。     

独立审计社会信用奖惩机制效应实证分析

以商务部公布的会计信息质量检查公告及证监会处罚公告检查结果作为研究背景,选取2003—2012年会计师事务所的客户量及综合收入为研究数据,从激励和惩罚两个机制对数据进行实证研究,并从信息论、监督论和保险论3个方面描述了独立审计的功能。通过市场整体对被处罚会计师事务所的反应情况得出结论,认为在我国资本市场中,独立审计社会信用惩罚机制发挥着有效与失效并存的作用。     

审计重要性水平、事务所规模与审计意见

文章以财务重述公司为样本,探讨了审计重要性水平、事务所规模与审计意见之间的关系.研究发现,重要性水平影响审计意见的类型,超过重要性水平的错误更容易被出具非标意见;不同规模的事务所对重要性水平的执行标准是有差异的,规模大的事务所对超过重要性水平的错误更加敏感,"大所"在执行审计业务时,时超过重要性水平的错误报表更容易出具非标意见.研究结论支持"大所"出具的审计意见更严格、审计服务质量更高这一论断.     

Foreign Direct Investment, Licensing, and Incentives for Innovation

In a two-period duopoly model, this paper considers a foreign firm's choice between licensing and FDI and studies the relative impact of these modes of technology transfer on the incentives for innovation of that firm and its domestic rival. Relative to licensing, FDI limits technology spillovers to the domestic firm but dissipates more rents in the product market. Internalization allows the foreign firm to build on an existing technological advantage. While the local firm develops its best technology if initial licensing is followed by FDI, the foreign firm transfers the most efficient technology under FDI in both periods.     

公司治理、代理成本与审计定价--基于2001-2003年我国A股上市公司的实证研究

笔者借助公司内部治理框架,运用2001-2003年我国A股上市公司面板数据,考察了代理成本对于审计定价的影响.研究结果显示,当存在其他变量时,独立董事制度、高管层持股和董事长与总经理两职设置情况对审计定价存在显著影响,这一结果表明独立董事制度、高管层持股对于公司内部治理具有积极意义;加快董事长和总经理的两职分离有助于降低代理成本,改善公司内部治理.     

Does rice farming shape audit quality: Evidence from signing auditors level analysis

This study examines whether signing auditors from rice planting regions affect audit quality. Using a sample of 12,223 firm-year observations from the Chinese stock market over the period of 2004–2015, our findings reveal that signing auditors from rice regions are significantly negatively associated with the likelihood of unclean audit opinions, suggesting that signing auditors with rice culture are more likely to succumb to the managers and hamper independence, and thus are more inclined to issue favorable audit opinions, and eventually impair audit quality. Furthermore, audit firm size and industry expertise attenuate the negative relation between signing auditors with rice culture and audit quality. In addition, above findings are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests using different measures of audit quality and signing auditors from rice cultivating areas and our conclusions still stand after using the Heckman two-step approach, placebo test and differences-in-differences method to address the potential endogeneity problem.     

独立审计质量的经济学透视

本文从需求和供给两方面分析了独立审计市场中的审计质量均衡状况及其成因,研究发现:一方面,由我国公司治理不完善而引发的对独立审计的代理需求不足,以及特定融资制度下对低质量审计的融资需求强劲,使得我国独立审计的自愿性需求严重匮乏,从而审计师缺乏提高审计质量的内在经济动机;另一方面,现有法规对审计师的激励不足、约束不够,因此目前审计师提供的审计服务质量难于达到社会公众的期望-《独立审计准则》的要求.最后,笔者针对出现的问题提出相应的政策建议.     

Legal Reform,Contract Enforcement and Firm Size in Mexico

The variation in legal system quality across states in Mexico is used to examine the relationship between judicial quality and firm size over the course of the 2000s, when systemic changes were taking place. Using economic census microdata and survey‐based measures of legal institutions, a robust effect of judicial quality is observed on the firm size distribution and efficiency, instrumenting for underlying historical determinants of institutions. Indicative evidence is found that the effect is strongest in more capital‐intensive industries. Market size and distance‐to‐market are also found to matter for firm size outcomes, consistent with the new trade literature.     

转型经济中声誉机制有效性研究——来自中国审计市场的证据

声誉机制是维系市场经济有序运作最为基础的机制之一。文章以审计市场作为切入点系统检验了声誉机制在中国市场的有效性。研究发现,声誉受损之后注册会计师显著提高了其审计质量,市场也作出了恰当的反应,即审计质量改善的注册会计师其客户流失率明显较低、而审计收费明显较高。职业声誉的约束作用在中国再次得到验证,这进一步说明了独立审计职业声誉机制在新兴市场依然具有治理价值。     

基于法律风险损失的研究：CPA与客户之间的合作博弈

CPA与客户之间的合作关系因法律风险进而影响到审计质量,基于法律风险损失的视角,对CPA与客户之间的合作博弈进行重复博弈分析。结果表明：在法律风险损失足够大的情况下,CPA与客户各自理性的选择应是相互再合作,即CPA履行职责,客户提供真实的信息,从而提高审计质量。因此,规避法律风险损失对提高审计质量有积极作用,对我国相关法律政策也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

审计师任期与审计质量的关系:基于我国股票市场的实证分析

以2000—2005年期间收到标准无保留审计意见的A股上市公司为样本,以操控性应计利润的绝对值衡量审计师的审计质量,分析了会计师事务所的审计任期及签字注册会计师的审计任期与审计质量的关系。研究结果发现：在控制了其他影响因素后,会计师事务所的审计任期及签字注册会计师的审计任期与审计质量之间均呈倒U型关系。进一步分析发现：当会计师事务所的审计任期和签字注册会计师的审计任期分别小于8年和4年时,审计任期的延长有利于审计质量的提高;但当二者的审计任期分别超过上述年限时,审计任期的延长对审计质量具有负面影响。     

论审计证据的选择:说服性抑或结论性

本文阐述了说服性审计证据与结论性审计证据的实质,从审计程序的性质、时间和范围入手,分析了说服性审计证据的形成原因。说服性而非结论性的审计证据是注册会计师和财务报表使用者等多方选择的结果,注册会计师只能为财务报表不存在重大错报提供合理保证。充分性和适当性是对审计证据说服性特征的度量。自觉遵守职业道德规范、严格遵循审计准则的规定和切实贯彻质量控制制度是注册会计师获取说服性审计证据的三大措施。     

Does technology licensing matter for privatization?

In mixed oligopolies, technology licensing from a cost‐efficient firm to a cost‐inefficient firm has been widely observed. This paper examines the relationship between privatization and licensing (by public or private firms) with the consideration of either a domestic or a foreign private firm. We find that (a) in the case of a domestic private firm, public licensing facilitates privatization, but private licensing hinders privatization; (b) in the case of a foreign private firm, both public and private licensing facilitate privatization. Our results yield important policy implications on privatization.     

中国注册会计师审计风险的成因与对策

注册会计师审计风险是社会发展到一定阶段的产物,它与一定的审计环境相联系。为提高审计质量和审计工作效率,保护审计人员正当权益,更好地发挥审计的作用,必须研究审计风险产生的原因,寻求控制审计风险的对策。     

Technology Transfer,Quality Standards,and North–South Trade

This paper examines the economic consequences of technology transfer through licensing in a North–South model of vertical product differentiation, based on a product‐line pricing framework. With its limited technological expertise, the southern firm cannot export to the northern market without purchasing the northern firm's “clean” and low‐cost technology. With North–South cost‐asymmetry, we conclude that the transfer of technology through licensing promotes trade, product variety and improves global welfare. However, without government intervention, the private levels of product quality chosen by firms tend to be lower than the socially optimal levels. This finding helps to explain why developed countries often set quality standards for imported foreign products.     

中国审计市场强地域性影响因素的实证分析

中国审计市场长期以来都存在着强地域性的特徵，是什么因素导致了这一特徵的出现呢？本文运用了Logistic回归分析方法对中国证券审计市场A股上市公司的数据进行了实证研究，揭示了审计市场强地域性的影响因素，分析了地方保护主义或地方政府干预、审计费用、审计质量这三者对上市公司选择本地事务所行为的影响。     

Endogenous Market Structure and Technology Licensing

This paper analyses the optimal licensing strategy of a licensor firm that competes with potential licensee firms in an industry with endogenous entry. The optimal licensing strategy of the licensor firm is to have zero royalty and positive fixed fees, which is a result that sharply contrasts with the existing literature whereby licensor firms tend to charge positive royalties to their rival licensees. Under the optimal licensing strategy, the licensor firm and the licensee firms are active in the market, but not the non‐licensed firms. This equilibrium market structure is socially desirable if the fixed production cost is not too small.     

企业生产率、国外市场知识与企业出口额

本文运用企业异质性贸易理论,利用分行业上市企业的面板数据,将企业规模作为控制变量,研究了企业生产率、国外市场知识与中国企业出口额的关系。结果显示:企业生产率和国外市场知识对企业出口额的影响显著为正,影响效果存在行业差异;作为控制变量的企业规模,对企业出口额的影响存在不确定性,或正向相关或负向相关或呈U形关系。     

创新技术价值信息不对称下厂商的许可策略

本文构建了创新技术商业价值信息不对称情况下在位创新厂商和生产厂商间的技术许可博弈模型,并运用逆向归纳法分别寻求混同均衡和分离均衡。分析结果表明,若运用两部制许可方式,从创新厂商的角度出发,当创新技术高经济价值的可能性较大时,高提成费用混同许可最优;当创新技术低经济价值的可能性较大时,低提成费用混同许可最优。此外,本文还得出固定费用许可条件下的最优许可策略。无论厂商选择何种许可方式,均不存在分离均衡。