Export product range and economic growth in the EU countries

We analyse the number of different HS8 products in the EU countries’ exports in 1995–2015. We review what share, or coverage, of the total possible number of these products the countries have exported each year. The EU15 countries have typically witnessed a slow rise in this coverage rate, that is, a widening of their extensive margins. The exception is Finland where the share has declined considerably. On the other hand, Ireland, Greece, Portugal and the new member countries have seen a dramatic increase in their export product coverage. We analyse how the development in the coverage rate and, as a comparison, the diversification of exports as measured by the Herfindahl–Hirschman index are associated with GDP per capita growth. We find that changes in the former measure are positively associated with economic growth after we have controlled for GDP per capita catching‐up as well as investment and export activity. We also find that smaller EU economies do not specialise more than large ones in their exports as could perhaps be assumed.     

Exports and governance: Is the Middle East and North Africa region different?

This paper aims to analyse whether better governance rewards economic performance and facilitates the integration of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region into the world economy. In comparison with other regions in the world economy, MENA countries suffer from important institutional deficiencies, which generate insecurity and difficult international transactions. Despite this fact, the relationship between trade and institutional quality in MENA countries remains unexplored. A gravity model of trade augmented with governance indicators is estimated for the exports of 19 MENA countries, their 189 trading partners and for all exporters in the period from 1996 to 2013. The main results indicate that improvements in five of the six governance indicators increase exports from MENA countries, whereas better governance in destination countries does not affect MENA exports. Instead, each of the six governance indicators used has a positive effect on bilateral trade for the entire sample of exporters (189). Moreover, the effect of country‐pair similarity in governance indicators suggests that a similar level of regulatory quality and rule of law in exporting and importing countries increases exports from MENA countries. Similarities in voice and accountability also foster exports for the average exporter, but not for MENA exporters.     

欧盟在华直接投资对中国与欧盟贸易的影响

本文运用面板数据的方法,研究了欧盟在华直接投资对中国与欧盟贸易的影响,结论表明,欧盟在华直接投资促进了中国对欧盟各成员国的进出口贸易,但影响较小,影响中、欧贸易的主要因素是中国和欧盟各成员国的经济实力(GDP)。这表明欧盟在华投资企业的市场战略主要是针对中国广阔的国内市场的。文章最后部分对如何促进欧盟对华直接投资和扩大中、欧贸易提出了建议。     

Can Globalisation and Global Localisation Explain Foreign Direct Investment? Japanese Firms in Europe

This paper uses logit regression on the responses of 383 Japanese manufacturing firms located in the member countries of the European Union to investigate the motives for foreign direct investment. Japan External Trade Organisation (JETRO) data, as published in their 8th Annual Survey (October 1992) classified by industry, were used. The results confirm that decisions leading to FDI cannot be explained by a single factor and, furthermore, different types of FDI are influenced by different combinations of motives.     

我国大豆出口影响因素实证分析

我国种植大豆的历史悠久,总产量和出口量曾占世界市场份额的90%以上,与美国、巴西、阿根廷并列为世界四大大豆生产大国。基于引力模型,选取2008年我国大豆出口截面数据作为因变量,各国和各地区的GDP、人均GDP、我国与各国的的地理距离等数据作为自变量,实证分析了我国大豆出口的影响因素,证实了各进口国和地区的人均GDP与我国大豆出口呈正相关,进口国和地区的GDP和人均消费能力的增长在一定程度上有利于我国大豆的出口增长,而距离与我国大豆出口负相关。为提升我国大豆出口竞争力,应开拓市场,加强对外联系,增加对大豆的科研投入,减少大豆的生产成本,挖掘我国大豆的绿色能量。     

反补贴:中国和欧盟贸易之间的博弈

反补贴是继反倾销之后兴起的又一种贸易保护政策的一种手段,在2010年,欧盟和中国对彼此都发起了反补贴的调查,这让我们不得不猜想,反补贴是否会成为欧盟与中国贸易之间的一场博弈.反补贴的影响有利有弊,重要的是我们要趋利避害,针对反补贴提出有利欧盟与中国双方贸易的有效措施.     

美国技术壁垒对我国机电产品出口的影响

本文利用扩展的贸易引力模型,分析我国和美国经济发展水平、人民币兑美元汇率以及美国机电行业技术壁垒各因素变动对我国机电产品出口的影响。分析结果表明美国技术壁垒与我国机电产品出口显著相关,美国技术壁垒的提高会对我国机电产品出口产生小幅抑制作用,美国GDP是影响我国机电产品出口的最主要因素。     

Which manufacturing industries and sectors are most vulnerable to Brexit?

When the UK leaves the EU, trade arrangements between the UK and EU will change. Most of the options for future UK‐EU relationships currently under discussion imply increased trade barriers, which will reduce trade and also have effects on output and prices. In this paper, we use a multi‐market partial equilibrium model to analyse the vulnerability of 122 manufacturing industries to Brexit. In all five Brexit scenarios we model, there is an overall reduction in UK manufacturing output. Output grows in some industries but at the expense of higher consumer and intermediate goods prices. High tech and medium–high tech sectors are more at risk of a decline in domestic production than lower tech sectors. In most areas of the country, demand for high‐skilled workers falls more than for medium and low‐skilled workers.     

欧盟国家低碳经济发展的经验及其启示

本文从低碳经济发展战略制定与低碳立法、财政税收、低碳技术研发、新能源等方面探讨了欧盟国家在低碳经济发展中的主要政策措施。我国在发展低碳经济方面面临着产业结构重型化、能耗高与技术水平低下等困难,需要在吸收国际经验的基础上,结合我国的特征制定适合我国国情的低碳经济战略规划,通过构建法律框架、建立财政税收体系、开发低碳技术、提高能源使用效率、树立低碳消费观念,共同推动我国碳排放的降低和经济发展模式的转换。     

欧债危机对我国对欧出口贸易的影响与因应措施

欧盟是中国最大的贸易伙伴。随着欧债危机逐渐从欧元区外围国家向核心国家蔓延,欧债危机引起的整个欧洲经济增长乏力、欧元贬值等问题势必会使中国对欧出口贸易受到影响。随着欧债危机的深化,相关成员国势必实施严格的紧缩政策,从而将使中国对欧出口遭遇更严峻的形势。鉴于欧元区在中国外贸出口中的重要地位,我们必须尽早设定应对措施,以期减缓欧债危机可能对我国经济造成的冲击。