基于可信第三方的SET协议改进模型的分析与设计

SET协议是电子商务安全协议中最常见的一种,但SET协议本身存在一定的缺陷,需加以改进。本文通过分析SET协议中存在的不足,提出了一种基于可信第三方的SET协议模型,改进了SET协议的交易流程,提高了电子交易的安全性,原子性和不可否认性。     

基于SET协议的安全电子交易流程再造

针对当前安全电子商务交易的主要协议——SET协议存在的缺陷,提出了一个改进后的安全电子交易流程,该流程通过引入电子交易合同,并利用第三方物流商和收货单,解决了SET协议无法保证商品原子性和确认发送原子性的缺点,有效地保证了交易双方的公平性。     

浅析我国第三方支付平台监管方案

我国第三方支付平台发展迅速,目前平台数目和平台使用者数量庞大。然而,第三方支付平台带来的问题也日益严重,监管问题刻不容缓。本文在参考大量文献之后,阐述了第三方支付平台存在的优势及近年来爆发的各类风险,并分析了在我国监管体系中存在的问题。同时,借鉴欧美等发达国家对于第三方支付机构的监管经验和体系,对我国第三方支付平台的监管提出了改进措施。     

第三方支付平台发展探析

近年来,随着电子商务的逐步发展,作为中间环节的第三方支付平台迅速崛起,以不可替代的支付方案受到了社会的普遍关注。一方面,第三方支付平台解决了在线支付困难的难题,另一方面,第三方支付平台在它的发展过程中也出现了一些潜在的问题。本文分析了第三方支付平台的优势及发展情况,并提出了一些发展建议。     

SET协议在应用中的问题研究

本文在分析SET协议体系结构的基础上,针对其应用于电子支付过程所存在的问题,提出了改进的方法和意见,以便SET协议能更加适合我国电子商务的支付过程。     

第三方支付平台安全监管问题与对策研究

随着计算机网络技术与电子商务的发展,第三方支付平台成为电子商务贸易支付环节的主要载体,然而第三方支付平台的安全问题不断出现,对于沉淀资金的管理也属于灰色地带。针对第三方支付平台核心的信息流与资金流出现的安全问题,从技术层面提出建立新监管系统的方案,并从完善法律法规,监管体系和风险管理体系的角度提出建议。     

一种改进的电子支付协议

本文在SET和TLS/WTLS协议的基础上提出了一种改进的电子支付协议STPP,对STTP的支付流程的进行了详细阐述,并使用Kailar逻辑证明了STPP协议的安全性及可靠性。     

电子商务中第三方支付平台探析

伴随电子商务的快速发展,第三方支付平台作为一种新型的网络支付模式,近年来受到了社会的普遍关注。阐述了第三方支付平台的基本情况,分析第三方支付平台的优势及市场发展障碍,并提出第三方支付平台的发展建议。     

基于PKI的电子商务安全支付平台的研究

电子支付的安全是电子商务发展和应用的技术保障。作者研究了PKI的体系结构,介绍了基于PKI技术的SSL和SET协议在电子商务中的应用,探讨了基于PKI的电子现金系统实现,提出了一个安全的电子商务支付平台实现方案（SEPP）,并对系统架构进行了设计。     

第三方支付平台：金融监管的新问题

所谓"第三方支付平台",就是指由非银行的第三方机构投资运营的网上支付平台。第三方平台提供商通过通信、计算机和信息安全技术,在商家和银行之间建立连接,起到信用担保和技术保障的职能,从而实现从消费者到商家之间货币支付、现金流转、资金清算、查询统计的一个平台。第三方支付市场是一种新型产业。本文通过对第三方支付平台相对优势及其发展的分析,针对第三方支付方面的金融监管缺位,提出相关的建议和意见。     

A framework for micropayment evaluation

Lacking payment systems become a bottleneck for the vision of the Information Economy. In many cases, the payments of a fraction of a cent, the so-called micropayments, are of particular interest. In this paper we propose a framework to evaluate the payment systems. The framework consists of a well structured parameter vector of the desired attributes. For the evaluation of attribute values, we suggest to use VTS diagrams from object-oriented analysis and design. The framework is applied to DigiCash, SET and First Virtual. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The rise of the machines: Capital imports and real manufacturing wages in 57 nations

Outward-oriented policy reform has attracted a large number of academics to the study of the trade-labour market nexus. One of these fields has focused on capital intensive (machinery) imports and its effect on manufacturing wages. The skill-enhancing-trade (SET) hypothesis was put forth to explain a potential relationship where an inflow of capital imports results in increased demand for skilled labour and decreased that of unskilled labour, and thus resulted in a rise in skilled wages and a decrease in their unskilled counterparts. This study revisits this hypothesis with a panel from the manufacturing sector of 57 nations. We improve upon previous studies in a number of ways. We add developed nations to the sample and examine capital imports from rich countries as well as the rest of the world. This takes into account the prominence of vertical production networks in international trade. We adhere closely to the neo-classical trade model and employ definitions of skilled and unskilled workers that capture the production process of particular items. Finally, we fit a robust dynamic panel data model that accounts for the endogeneity of the determinants of trade and wages. In this way we test whether the SET hypothesis is generally applicable as opposed to previous studies which use an ad hoc selection of countries and variables. We find that the SET hypothesis is not driving changes in manufacturing wages. Instead, worker productivity and GDP per capita explain these labour market outcomes.     

Sensory enabling technology acceptance model (SE‐TAM): A multiple‐group structural model comparison

Sensory enabling technology (SET) can deliver product information that is similar to the information obtained from direct product examination, thus reducing product risk. In addition, the interactivity and customer involvement created by sensory enabling technologies can enhance the entertainment value of the online shopping experience. The proposed model examined this dual role of sensory experience enablers in the online soft goods shopping process for three types of sensory enabling technologies that are widely applied in online retail sites. The results provided empirical support for perceived usefulness and perceived entertainment value as strong predictors of consumers' attitudes toward using all three of the sensory enabling technologies tested in this study. The impact of perceived ease of use differed by technology. Attitudes toward using sensory enabling technologies had a significant impact on the actual use of all three SETs; however, the impact of technology anxiety and innovativeness on the use of SET also appeared to differ by technology. Virtual try‐on played a strong hedonic role, increasing the entertainment value of the online shopping process, whereas 2D views (larger view and alternate views) showed a strong functional role. The 3D rotation view served both functional and hedonic roles. The results indicate that each sensory enabling technology makes a unique contribution to online shopping—either by reducing product risk perceptions or by increasing perceived entertainment value. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Investigating the factors influencing small online vendors’ intention to continue engaging in social commerce

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the variables that determine small online vendors’ intentions to continue engaging in social commerce. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social exchange theory (SET), eight hypotheses were developed to (1) identify the antecedents that influence small online vendors’ attitudes toward social commerce, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and (2) examine the causal relationships among the variables with respect for continuous usage intention. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data on a sample of 166 small online vendor managers and employees. Partial least squares (PLS) was used to validate the proposed model. The findings show that social exchange factors (perceived benefits and commitment) significantly affect small vendors’ attitudes toward social commerce. The results further confirm the validity of TPB, i.e., attitude and perceived behavioral control have significant impacts on continuous usage intention in relation to social commerce. The findings of this study provide important insights into the antecedents of attitude for academics and practitioners, application of social computing in commerce for engaging in service innovation, and have the potential to contribute to the development of effective online marketing strategies.     

小议电子支付

电子技术的现状直接决定了电子商务的成败,而遵从电子支付协议,利用电子支付工具,是实现网上购物与实际支付的关键所在。电子支付的协议模式包括SSL和SET两种支付模式,电子支付工具包括电子信用卡、电子发票、电子现金三种。目前,电子支付工具存在的问题主要有支付工具的效力问题、税收与洗钱问题、网络安全问题。应限制电子现金的发行人,建立合理的电子现金识别制度,建立一定的密钥托管机制,同时,应从立法和技术两方面对网络进行逐步完善,避免网络遭到黑客攻击。     

An investigation into apprenticeship completion and retention in Northern Ireland: a social exchange perspective

This paper investigates effective strategies for enhancing completion rates of apprentices and their retention after completing their training. The study was cross sectional and qualitative, involving semi‐structured interviews with managers and four focus groups involving current and completed apprentices from within the engineering sector. The findings revealed that the factors that can enhance intentions of completing an apprenticeship were perceived organisation support (POS) factors such as apprentice pay, recognition and employer support. Leader Member Exchange (LMX) factors such as support from trainers and supervisors, would increase their intentions to complete an apprenticeship and stay on with an organisation after training. The key Percieved Organisational Support factors that would enhance intentions to stay with the organisation after completion were post apprenticeship pay, career progression and challenging and interesting work. Participants with high Perceived Organisational Support and Leader‐Member Exchange, had higher intentions of completing an apprenticeship and staying with the employer after completion and vice versa. This research added to the literature on apprenticeships as it analysed the factors influencing current and completed apprentices’ intentions to discontinue or complete an apprenticeship and stay with or leave their employer after completion through the lens of social exchange theory (SET) (Blau, 1964). This is unlike previous studies that emphasised motivation theory. Social Exchange Theory was supported as both employers and apprentices weighed the costs and benefits of their relationship which impacted on their completion and retention choices. The implication of this study is that employers should develop effective strategies for enhancing completion and retention rates to reap the full benefits from apprenticeships.     

Managing international joint ventures to improve performance: The role of structural and social mechanisms

Poor performance has been a major concern in research on international joint ventures (IJVs). This study integrates the IJV management mechanisms from transaction cost theory (TCT) and social exchange theory (SET) in order to gain insights into management mechanisms that improve IJV performance. The framework consists of three structural (i.e., symmetric dependence, symmetric equity share and resource complementarity) and three social (i.e., trust, communication and cultural adaptation) IJV management mechanisms, which are considered as potential determinants of IJV performance. Based on the analysis of data collected from 89 IJVs established by Nordic firms in Asia, Europe and the USA, results indicate that TCT-based symmetric dependence and resource complementarity on the one hand and SET-based trust, communication and cultural adaptation on another significantly improve IJV performance. However, impact of symmetric equity share on IJV performance remains negative and non-significant, explaining that IJV partners may consider it rather a safeguard to their own stake and interests in IJVs. In addition, SET-based IJV management mechanisms are found to be more effective than the TCT-based IJV mechanisms in improving IJV performance.     

Telecom market liberalization and service performance outcomes of an incumbent monopoly

Using data from a high-income, emerging market economy in the Middle East, this study examines changes in service performance outcomes of an incumbent monopoly during different periods in the phased liberalization of the country’s telecommunications market. The study draws on Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) theory and Social Exchange Theory (SET) to develop hypotheses about expected changes in four customer-based service performance outcomes—service quality perceptions, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer attitudes. These are tested using data collected in a longitudinal tracking study spanning different periods in the liberalization process. Results show that all four performance outcomes improved significantly during an early post-liberalization period when there was only one additional competitor in the market, but declined slightly during a later period when a second competitor entered the market. However, structural relationships among the outcomes themselves remained invariant across liberalization periods. Policy-making and theoretical implications of the results are outlined and discussed. Although the data come from a single industry in an emerging market economy, a particularly key implication is that while incumbent monopolies may initially harbor a preference for the comfort and ‘freedom’ that comes with being the only player in the market, under certain circumstances liberalization can actually benefit them through the impetus that it provides for their own service quality improvements.