基于GPS/GIS的第三方物流信息管理平台构建研究

在我国第三方物流企业发展现状及存在问题的基础上,结合GPS及GIS的先进技术,笔者提出基于GPS/GIS的第三方物流信息管理平台的总体思路和总体框架。该平台的构建包括GPS、GIS和MIS三大部分,需要实现三者的有效集成。     

基于BIM+GIS的铁路三维信息实景化技术研究

BIM+GIS技术可用于铁路环境的模拟分析,目前在BIM模型信息的语义场景转化方面的扩展尚显不足,造成部分BIM模型转化后信息冗余或缺失的现象。针对此问题,提出一种坐标转换方法,将铁路BIM模型相对坐标转化为GIS地理坐标,并设计了一种考虑铁路场景复杂度的三维模型与GIS地形匹配方法,以实现铁路BIM模型在不同三维场景下的精确匹配,基于构建的对象重要性评价模型,实现了符号化三维铁路场景多尺度表达,该方法有效解决模型漂浮或模型淹没等问题,满足大比例尺下探析三维场景要素和目视精确定位的场景需求,同时兼顾铁路BIM模型轻量化按需加载的应用要求。研究成果解决了铁路BIM模型与三维GIS地理场景精确匹配与表达的技术难题,具有较高的理论意义和工程实践价值。     

铁路规划与运量分析?GIS?系统探析

为了提高铁路规划与运量分析工作的效率、准确性和直观性,从铁路规划与运量分析和地理信息系统(GIS) 2个技术领域融合入手,阐述铁路规划与运量分析GIS系统的总体构架。针对通用地图操作模块、铁路运输经济模块、铁路OD数据分析模块、铁路运输径路分析模块、路网规划分析模块、经济地理分析模块、数据更新管理模块等7个功能模块,从功能结构布局、功能实现思路、实操案例分析等方面进行论述,以期从理论研究和实践操作方面将地理信息理念引入铁路运量分析与规划领域,优化铁路运量分析和规划理念、方法、技术、手段,提高铁路规划与运量分析整体水平。     

GIS在港口全寿命周期管理中的应用

地理信息系统（GIS）是一种用于采集、模拟、处理、检索、分析、表达地理空间数据的计算机信息系统，与空间位置有关的领域都是GIS的重要应用领域。随着网络技术．分布式数据库技术的发展，WebGIS技术日趋成熟，综合了GIS、GPS、RS的3S技术也在迅猛发展。与此同时．基于GIS技术的各种信息平台、电子政务系统的发展也是方兴未艾。     

GIS/GPS技术在物流园区信息平台中应用研究

随着全球经济的飞速发展，物流的信息化、网络化和社会化成为现代物流的发展趋势。现代物流管理的主要要素是信息、商贸、运输，其中信息是基础，商贸是载体，运输是保证。而物流园区则是由多家现代物流企业在空间上集中布局的场所，提供一定品类、一定规模、较高专业水平的综合物流服务集结点。物流同区信息平台的建设，运用GIS（地理信息系统）／GPS（全球定位系统）等先进的技术和管理手段，不仅可以整合物流园区各类信息资源，而且能使物流系统发挥最大整体效益，提高市场竞争力。随着互联网的发展和通讯技术的进步，跨平台、组件化的GIS和GPS技术的逐步成熟，基于GIS／GPS的应用将构造出具有强大竞争力的物流园区。     

维尔十年磨一剑

浙江维尔科技股份有限公司，是一家专业从事机动车驾驶员培训行业相关技术研究、产品与系统开发、系统集成与服务运营的高新技术企业。维尔充分利用指纹、视频、侦测、GPS／3G／GIS集成等先进技术．为驾培行业提供整体解决方案和运营服务方案。     

基于GIS的重载铁路线路设备“一张图”技术研究与应用

铁路工务设备在运维管理过程中涉及设计、竣工、运营、维修更换等大量、多源、多维度、异构数据。针对当前重载铁路线路设备在全生命周期管理中缺少高效信息集成和数据融合分析展示的技术手段,以朔黄铁路为背景,基于Web GIS地图平台,设计和研发了重载铁路线路设备GIS“一张图”管理系统。系统从设备基础台账数据查询与状态分析、检测监测数据实时展示、数据融合与辅助决策、生产信息及时掌握等多个维度,将铁路线路设备生命周期内各阶段的多源异构时空数据进行“一张图”可视化综合展示。在不同比例尺地图下对设备台账、履历、检测监测数据、病害、维修作业、状态评估与预测等信息进行不同层级、不同颗粒度的实时展示以及融合分析,为工务运维管理人员提供全面、及时、准确、生动的设备可视化信息。     

铁路货运营销管理系统的设计与实现

在分析目前铁路货运营销工作存在问题的基础上，进行了铁路货运营销管理系统的设计与开发。铁路货运营销管理系统以客户关系管理思想为出发点，根据铁路货运的特点，应用WEB－GIS技术强大的空间分析处理能力，整合铁路运输管理信息系统的相关信息，实现对货主按运量、运费行业、忠诚 度、收入率、增长率等不同指标的货运市场细分；重点货主的发现与提升;货主流失自动预警，以及对复杂营销形势进行直观分析；对货运营销工作进行准确市场定位等功能。     

客运车辆服务管理系统的应用研究

一、系统功能与特点 客运车辆服务管理系统简称SY系统。它是GPS全球卫星定位、GIS地理信息系统、GPRS／CDMA无线通信技术和Internet技术的一体化系统,也是国内第一个实现客运车辆及固定目标与管理中心之间超远距离永远宽带实时在线和实时无线图像传输的超级智能管理系统。     

利用GPS、GIS、GSM／GPRS实现高速公路交巡警指挥调度、勤务管理的研究与应用

道路建设的快速发展以及汽车保有量的大幅度增长,对交通管理现代化的要求越来越高,卫星定位、数据通讯、计算机网络等现代科技正越来越多地应用于公安交通管理领域。利用GPS(全球卫星定位)技术建立的车辆监控系统可以动态地获得汽车行驶过程中的准确位置;利用GIS(地理信息系统)可完成对车辆的监控与调度。江苏省公安厅交巡警总队依托社会技术平台研制了江苏省高速公路交巡警GPS指挥调度系统,2003年1月在沪宁、京沪、锡澄、广靖等4条高速公路上进行定位、追踪等基本功能的试验;同年年5月整体试运行;8月在沪宁、京沪、锡澄、广靖、宁连、宁通、机场和苏嘉杭等8条主要高速公路的21个大队共200辆交警巡逻车上安装GPS定位机,全面投入应用。该系统针对交巡警勤务流程和管理流程,利用GPS、GSM/GPRS、GIS、计算机网络和数据处理技术,实现了对全省路面交巡警勤务的实时指挥调度、管理,高速公路恶劣天气(路况)的分级处置,建立起巡逻民警和指挥中心的信息交互通道,使总队能够及时掌握全省各项实时信息,从而进行更加科学的管理和协调,全省交巡警指挥调度、勤务管理现代化水平迈上一个新台阶。     

Methods for determining route distances in active commuting - Their validity and reproducibility

Distance is a variable of pivotal importance in transport studies. Therefore, after checking the validity of a potential criterion method for measuring active commuting route distances, this method was used to assess the validity and reproducibility of four methods of approximating the commuting route distances covered by pedestrians and bicyclists. The methods assessed were: self-estimated distance, straight-line distance, GIS shortest-route distance, and GPS-measured distance. For this purpose, participants were recruited when walking or bicycling in Stockholm, Sweden. Questionnaires and individually-adjusted maps were sent twice to 133 participants. The distances of map-drawn commuting routes functioned as criterion distances. The participants were also asked to estimate their distances. The straight-line distance between origin and destination was measured using map-drawn routes. The shortest route between home addresses and workplace addresses was calculated with three GIS algorithms. Eighty-six trips were measured with GPS. The main results were that test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) exceeded 0.99 for all methods, except for self-estimated distance (ICC = 0.76). No order effects existed between test and retest. Significant differences were, however, noted between criterion distance and self-estimated distance (114 ± 63%), straight-line distance (79.1 ± 10.5%), GIS shortest route (112 ± 18% to 121 ± 22%) and GPS distance (105 ± 4%). We conclude that commonly-used distance estimation methods produce systematic errors of differing magnitudes when used in a context of active commuting in suburban and urban environments. These errors can at average level be corrected for, whereas individual relative errors will remain.     

Mapping ridership using crowdsourced cycling data

Cycling volumes are necessary to understand what influences ridership and are essential for safety studies. Traditional methods of data collection are expensive, time consuming, and lack spatial and temporal detail. New sources have emerged as a result of crowdsourced data from fitness apps, allowing cyclists to track routes using GPS enabled cell phones. Our goal is to determine if crowdsourced data from fitness apps data can be used to quantify and map the spatial and temporal variation of ridership. Using data provided by Strava.com, we quantify how well crowdsourced fitness app data represent ridership through comparison with manual cycling counts in Victoria, British Columbia. Comparisons are made for hourly, AM and PM peak, and peak period totals that are separated by season. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a Generalized Linear Model we modelled the relationships between crowdsourced data from Strava and manual counts and predicted categories of ridership into low, medium, and high for all roadways in Victoria. Our results indicate a linear association (r² 0.40 to 0.58) between crowdsourced data volumes and manual counts, with one crowdsourced data cyclist representing 51 riders. Categorical cycling volumes were predicted and mapped using data on slope, traffic speeds, on street parking, time of year, and crowdsourced ridership with a predictive accuracy of 62%. Crowdsourced fitness data are a biased sample of ridership, however, in urban areas the high temporal and spatial resolution of data can predict categories of ridership and map spatial variation. Crowdsourced fitness apps offer a new source of data for transportation planning and can increase the spatial and temporal resolution of official count programs.     

Potential for optimised food deliveries in and around Uppsala city, Sweden

Food products are among the most frequently delivered items to retail shops in city centres and also need special attention owing to their perishable nature and quality requirements. The main objective of this study was to map out the segments of food distribution systems and determine the constraints and possibilities in developing a co-ordinated and optimised food distribution system in and around Uppsala city, to promote efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study was conducted by arranging a series of seminars, carrying out field measurements, optimisation analysis and emission estimation. Data on eight companies that distribute food in and around Uppsala city, distribute were gathered and analysed. Different tools were used successfully i.e. Global Positioning System (GPS) for field measurement, RouteLogiX for route optimisation analysis and MODTRANS (a Matlab based package) for emission estimation. Optimising the individual routes reduced travel distance by 39% and time by 40% while total optimisation reduced the number of routes by 58%, the number of vehicles by 42%, and the total distance by 39%. Consequently, optimisation could reduce emissions generated by vehicles by 48%.     

GIS-based highway maintenance prioritization model: an integrated approach for highway maintenance in Nepal mountains

Roadside slope failures often result in day to week-long traffic disruption and are a major problem in Nepal so that timely maintenance of roadside slopes needs greater priority for smooth operation of traffic. In this paper, we develop a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based maintenance model considering pavement and roadside slope stability conditions. A pavement maintenance priority map is prepared based on pavement condition. International Roughness Index (IRI) is used as the pavement condition index. Similarly, a roadside slope maintenance priority map is produced by analyzing slope stability condition. An integrated maintenance priority map is produced by combining both pavement and roadside slope maintenance priority maps with consideration of weighting of each maintenance component. The integrated maintenance priority index developed in the research lies from 1 to 3, and is distributed heterogeneously. Higher index values qualify for higher priority in maintenance planning. Thus, a conventional method of maintenance planning under the constraints of budget, time and resources can be improved by incorporating the actual condition of pavement and roadside slope failure susceptibility, which has the potential to improve significantly the serviceability of the road system. The study shows that GIS, which can manage and visualize different types of data together or separately, can help the decision making process for road maintenance planning in the Himalayan regions.     

Classification of automobile and transit trips from Smartphone data: Enhancing accuracy using spatial statistics and GIS

As the practices of transportation engineering and planning evolve from “data poor” to “data rich”, methods to automate the translation of data to information become increasingly important. A major field of study is the automatic identification of travel modes from passively collected GPS data. In previous work, the authors have developed a robust modal classification system using an optimized combination of statistical inference techniques. One problem that remains very difficult is the correct identification of transit travel, particularly when the system is operating in mixed traffic. This type of operation generates a wide range of values for many travel parameters (average speed, maximum speed, and acceleration for example) which have similar characteristics to other urban modes. In this paper, we supplement the previous research to improve the identification of transit trips. The method employed evaluates the likelihood that GPS travel data belong to transit by comparing the location and pattern of zero-travel speeds (stopping) to the presence of transit stops and signalized intersections. These comparisons are done in a GIS. The consideration of the spatial attributes of GPS data vastly improves the accuracy of transit travel prediction.     

基于MapX的列车调度监控系统电子地图实现

利用MapX组件式产品提供的基本地理信息操作功能,运用GIS(地理信息系统)显示设计,以及信息查询、轨迹回放等主要功能,在基于移动卫星通讯的铁路调度监控系统中,实现铁路调度监控功能,具有简单、方便、实时、高效等优点,同时也指出了有待改进和提高的方面。     

Modeling downstream petroleum supply chain: The importance of multi-mode transportation to strategic planning

This paper proposes a deterministic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for downstream petroleum supply chain (PSC) network to determine the optimal distribution center (DC) locations, capacities, transportation modes, and transfer volumes. The model minimizes multi-echelon multi-product cost along the refineries, distribution centers, transportation modes and demand nodes. The relationship between strategic planning and multimodal transportation is further elucidated. A case study was considered with real data from the U.S. petroleum industry and transportation networks within Geographic Information System (GIS). A scenario analysis is also conducted to demonstrate the impact of key parameters on PSC decisions and total cost.     

Electric and hybrid car use in a free-floating carsharing system

A free-floating carsharing system is a flexible way to provide cars to members in a limited area. This paper discusses the user behavior and choice between electric and hybrid cars in a free-floating system. We use Auto-mobile's transactional and Global Positioning System (GPS) datasets to analyze car use. We develop a binomial logit model to find the probability of choosing an electric car when there is a choice. The analysis reveals that travel distance has a major influence on this probability: electric vehicles are less popular for distances of more than 24 km. Cold temperatures and being a female also decrease the probability, while higher energy level increases odds. The spatial analysis shows a difference in behavior between both car technologies. Trips made by electric cars are less dispersed spatially than those made by hybrid cars.     

A spatially explicit techno-economic model of bioenergy and biofuels production in California

This study presents a spatially explicit techno-economic Bioenergy Siting Model (BSM) of the bioenergy production system in California. The model describes the bioenergy system in terms of facility siting and size, conversion technology, feedstock profile, and feedstock supply chain configuration for the year 2015. The BSM expands upon previous bioenergy siting work by optimizing the system using spatially explicit feedstock supply curves, multiple potential conversion technologies and geographically determined bioenergy demand. We present sensitivity analysis demonstrating the effect of market and policy change scenarios. The model couples transportation network analysis using a Geographic Information System (GIS) with a mixed integer-linear programming (MIP) optimization model. Scenario results show total biomass resource utilization between 18 and 25 million dry tons annually at biofuel prices from $2.20 to $4.00/gallon of gasoline equivalent.     

The European high-speed train network: Predicted effects on accessibility patterns

The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the future European high-speed train network on accessibility, by reducing time distance between places and modifying their relative location. We compare the current situation with that foreseen for the year 2010, according to the Outline Plan of the European High-Speed Train Network, in order to analyse which areas will most benefit from construction and improvement of the infrastructure. It is hypothesized that the high-speed train will certainly bring the peripheral regions closer to the central ones, but will also increase imbalances between the main cities and their hinterlands. A weighted average distance indicator is applied for this purpose. This measure identifies the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area of study, emphasizing the infrastructure effects, and locates accessibility changes at the European level. A Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to carry out this study.