Will Consumers Pay for Voluntary Testing for BSE? Double-Bound CVM Evidence from Canada

The 2003 discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-infected cattle in North America led to efforts to ensure the safety of beef produced in that region, and to some discussion regarding testing live cattle for the BSE prion. This article investigates consumer acceptance and valuation of beef from live cattle that have been voluntarily tested for BSE. Using data from an Internet-based survey of Canadians, double-bound estimates of willingness-to-pay (WTP) are measured. Consumption behaviour and perception covariates were significant predictors of expected WTP, while socio-economic and demographic effects had no measurable impact. Expected WTP was not statistically significant, but ranged from 8% for respondents with a high-purchase intention to ?3.5% for those with low/moderate-purchase intention. Further analysis on subsamples of the data showed expected WTP ranges from ?5% to 5% for those with low/moderate-purchase intention and from 5% to 22% for those with a high-purchase intension.     

Food Values Applied to Livestock Products

Food values have been proposed in previous research as a method of identifying stable constructs of consumer preference. We conducted an online survey of 1950 US respondents using best–worst scaling applying the concept of food values to four specific meat and dairy products: ground beef, beef steak, chicken breast, and milk. We test the applicability of general food values to specific products, while further discovering the nature of heterogeneity of values by defining classes of respondents. Our findings suggest that the general food values previously proposed apply well to specific products of the livestock industry. We also found that the differences between consumer classes were driven primarily by price sensitivity, with many of the most important and least important values remaining the same.     

浅谈消费者的需求集成

顾客需求是市场营销学研究的永恒主题。迄今为止,无论在理论还是实践上,人们研究的往往是消费者单个需求和新需求,而很少将消费者的几种需求集成起来研究。要真正做到满足顾客需求,仅仅研究单个需求或新需求远远不够,必须将顾客的多种需求联系起来考察,研究这些需求在消费者心目中的地位、关系及其变化。     

Estimating Consumer Preferences for Value-Added Fish Products in Oman

Abstract

The European meat industry is confronted with substantial changes of consumer preferences in relation to the type and quantity of meat in everyday diet. One of the main reasons behind these changes is the public impression that meat is a “dangerous” to consume food. This feeling is the result of recent food scares where meat played a central role and their effect on consumers' perceptions about meat safety. The research at hand explores the market potential of organic meat in Greece and emphasizes the perceptions about meat consumption held by organic consumers as opposed to those held by non-consumers of organic foods. It is expected that organic consumers will be more interested in a series of quality attributes of meat commonly found in its organic type, in comparison to non-consumers of organic food. However, the main finding of the survey is that consumer demands in relation to meat quality and safety are particularly high, irrespective of meat's production method. The research concludes that the particularly low consumption of organic meat in Greece should be partially attributed to its insufficient differentiation in consumers' minds.     

我国内需与外需发展不平衡问题的原因探讨

国际金融危机引发了世界各国经济的动荡,我国长期以来内需不足、外贸依存度过高、经济增长主要靠外需拉动的发展模式所产生的问题开始凸显。通过对我国内需与外需发展现状及问题的阐述,深入探析我国内外需发展失衡的原因,并在此基础上提出要制定合理的分配制度、健全社会保障体系、保持合理的投资增长速度、转变贸易增长方式等对策建议。     

消费需求主要变化趋势浅析

消费是生活的手段之一,消费需求受到个人生活需要和生活追求及其满足程度,社会、经济、文化以及消费环境与条件等因素影响。随着这些因素的变化,顾客消费需求呈现出广泛化与高度化、情感化与感性化、个性化与多样化以及复合与关联化等的变化趋势。     

论垄断性市场中厂商产品供给曲线的存在性

西方微观经济学一直认为,只有完全竞争市场上的厂商才有产品的供给曲线,而在其它任何具有垄断性的产品市场上的厂商则没有此曲线的存在。然而,这一结论是错误的。原因在于西方微观经济学对需求变化的错误理解,并由此进一步导致了西方经济学需求理论前后逻辑上的自相矛盾。按西方微观经济学需求理论的逻辑推导,垄断性的产品市场上的厂商也同样存在可以描述和定义的产品供给曲线。这一结论的存在为宏观总产品供给曲线的推导提供了微观基础。     

Are two reasons better than one? How natural and ethical appeals influence consumer preferences for clean meat

Clean meat shows great potential as an alternative to conventional meat and may help to mitigate sustainability problems stemming from the meat industry. However, this novel method of producing meat is currently being met by consumer hesitancy due to perceptions of unnaturalness and feelings of disgust. While prior research has shown that appeal positioning based on naturalness and ethicality, for example, may enhance the acceptance of clean meat, these findings are limited because prior research has only examined different appeals in isolation, and no research has explored the psychological mechanism underlying the effect of these appeals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine how a joint appeal based on both natural and ethical aspects of clean meat is more effective in enhancing consumer preference. Specifically, two experiments were conducted among participants from the US (n = 302) and the UK (n = 303) to examine whether a joint appeal is more effective than a single appeal focusing on either naturalness or ethicality, and no appeal. Extending the current literature, our findings show that the joint appeal increases the effectiveness of the communication, with participants in this condition showing a significantly higher preference toward the product when compared to those in the single-appeal or no-appeal conditions. The results also demonstrate that disgust and compassion underlie the effect of the joint appeal on consumer preference. Taken together, the current research provides insights to enhance the effectiveness of marketing interventions in promoting consumer preference for and acceptance of clean meat.     

浅谈日本农业现代化经验及对我国的启示

基于日本农业在农户小规模经营基础上实现现代化的基本经验,阐述了日本的成功经营对我国农业现代化的启示：深化耕地制度改革,发展家庭适度规模经营;大力发展小城镇和农村中小企业,积极推进农转非;加大政府的财政支持力度;建立健全农民合作经济组织体系。     

日本出境旅游现状及我国拓展日本客源市场对策

我国国际旅游业的发展与日本客源市场有着非常密切的关系。日本旅游者主要前往亚洲国家旅游,目前韩国是接待日本旅游者最多的国家。我国可以采取改善旅游基础设施,提高服务质量,培养精通日语的服务人才,开发温泉旅游和滑雪旅游等措施拓展日本客源市场。     

谈如何嫩化老肉

发展职业教育,是国家推行现代化建设,培养高素质职业技能人才的战略性举措。通过深入分析当前在实施烹饪人才培养过程中遇到的一个现实问题—老肉嫩化,结合个人多年的教育教学经验,提出一些关于老肉嫩化的建议和对策。     

Is There Long Memory in Indian Stock Market Returns? An Empirical Search

The issue of long memory, though has important theoretical and practical implications, has not received much attention in India. This article examines the issue of long memory in mean of the stock returns by employing a set of sophisticated time-series tests including a bias reduced log periodogram test of Andrews and Guggenberger. The study used daily values of 29 major indices including sectoral indices traded on the National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange from April 2003 to March 2012, which provide insights into relation between composition of indices and long memory. The findings of the study suggest significant presence of long memory in mean returns of the medium- and small-sized indices and weaker evidences for large cap indices. Further, the study identifies a relationship between presence of long memory and market structure variables. The use of linear models in the presence of long memory would result in incorrect inferences, and this calls for investigation of appropriate long memory model to generate profits in Indian stock market.     

The Foodservice Supplier's Sales Environment

ABSTRACT

This study is designed to assist small meat processors seeking to expand their sales volume. The analysis pertains to a procurement survey of 191 restaurants. Fifty-one different variables are analyzed by means of cross-tabulations among different restaurant groups. For example, three restaurant annual sales groupings (under $500,000, $500,000 to $2,000,000, and over $2,000,000) are used to examine which of these fifty-one restaurant variables significantly differ by group. Other cross-tabulations are also presented regarding dinner ticket price levels, management structure, and chain affiliation, respectively. Many significant differences are found to exist in terms of food quality, delivery methods, product types, and more. Small meat processors will be able to develop more effective sales growth strategies through gaining an understanding of such differences. This study should be of value to small food manufacturers interested in direct marketing to restaurants. For example, based on the general findings of this study, small food manufacturers should place greater emphasis on product quality rather than price when selling their products to larger restaurants since supply quality is of greater importance than cost to these restaurants.     

中国发展内循环经济与拉动内需的思考

中国巨大的经济体量仅仅依靠外部需求拉动已不太现实,内需市场和内循环经济的重要性由此凸显。2018年中美贸易战爆发以来,外部经济环境变化使得外循环经济的可靠性大打折扣,中国急切需要一个强大稳定的内需市场予以支撑。中国企业自主创新能力和全要素生产率提升能力不足、企业在全球价值链分工中的位次不利于提升制造业部门工资水平、经济金融化和钱生钱逻辑倾向不利于扩大中等收入群体规模等问题,逐渐成为当前中国拉动内需、发展内循环经济的突出体制机制障碍。应采取积级应对当前不利局面、推动经济增长内生动力机制转换,积极应对美国打压、培育内需市场为中国高科技发展提供动力,坚持国内国际双循环发展新格局,加快形成两个市场良性循环机制等措施,推动中国经济持续健康发展。     

再论总收益与需求价格弹性的关系

指出了赵树女原有关需求点弹性与总收益关系结论的错误 ,并用较简单的反例补充说明了葛斌华等未能说明的在点弹性 η =1时总收益R未必取得最大值的事实 ,进而修正完善了商品需求点弹性与总收益关系的结论。同时就包括非线性的一般的需求函数 ,指出并证明了商品需求中点弧弹性与总收益关系的结论。     

贫富差距过大、无害需求不足与当前世界经济危机

历史事实表明,凯恩斯基于“有效需求不足”所提出的“相机抉择”式总需求管理理论并没有保证经济的稳定发展,凯恩斯主义在全球的过度实施反而成为经济危机的幕后推手之一。就经济的长期稳定发展而言,起决定性作用的是无害需求,而不是笼统的有效需求。将贫富差距控制在合理范围之内,用增加无害需求、限制有害需求的方式来扩大总的有效需求,这将是长期中保证经济稳定增长的根本途径。