拉美的新型社会救助与对中国的启示

1990年代中后期,拉美各国纷纷改革了原有的社会救助制度并相继设置了许多新型的社会救助项目,新建立的社会救助以＂发展＂为价值理念,把救助资格与教育培训、医疗服务和个人就业等人力资本发展政策结合在一起,这类新型社会救助改变了过去社会救助制度在社会保障体系中残补、边缘的地位,显示了拉美社会保障制度关注重心与发展方向的转变。从拉美的新型社会救助中,中国可以获得有益的启示并找到进一步完善社会救助制度的相关思路。     

中印双边贸易的互补性及比较优势

运用显性比较优势指数、贸易强度指数、贸易互补性指数,对中国和印度两国的商品贸易结构进行比较。实证分析表明,中印之间存在着贸易互补性,但不同行业有很大差异;中印之间不存在非常显著的贸易联系,两国贸易存在较大的空间。     

中美贸易不平衡及其与美国对华投资相关性研究

计量研究结果显示:美国对华直接投资与中美贸易之间存在长期的互补关系,尤其制成品的出口与美国对华直接投资之间具有显著的双向因果关系,制成品的出口是美中贸易逆差的因。因此,美国进入中国的FDI,尤其是进入制造业的FDI越多,美国从中国进口就越多,美中贸易逆差越大。这种贸易不平衡的扩大,主要是由于两国要素禀赋的差异和国际分工地位的不同,因而美中贸易逆差是结构性的,不仅不会在短期内消除,而且会随着美国劳动密集型产业向中国的进一步转移而加剧。     

印美关系的演变及其对中国的影响

回顾印美关系的演变轨迹,分析印美关系升温的原因,既有美方的因素,也有印方的因素。印美关系升温对中国是一个潜在的制衡力量;印美相互借重,但不会因此削弱或舍弃与中国的关系;印度外交独立未必按美国的意图办事;印度在向美国等大国靠拢时进一步改善与中国的关系。对印美关系升温后的中国对印政策,提出如下建议：加强沟通了解,增进战略互信;加强经贸合作,奠定物质基础;平等协商互谅互让,妥善处理边界问题;透视印美关系实质,保持警觉,立足防御。     

Social Movements and the Dynamics of Rural Territorial Development in Latin America

This special section brings together 4 of the 12 studies conducted within a research program analyzing the relationships among social mobilization, governance, and rural development in contemporary Latin America. The introduction gives an overview of the contemporary significance of social movements for rural development dynamics in the region, and of the principal insights of the section papers and the broader research program of which they were a part. This significance varies as an effect of two distinct and uneven geographies: the geography of social movements themselves and the geography of the rural political economy. The effects that movements have on the political economy of rural development also depend significantly on internal characteristics of these movements. The paper identifies several such characteristics. The general pattern is that movements have had far more effect on widening the political inclusiveness of rural development than they have on improving its economic inclusiveness and dynamism.     

Real Exchange Rate Stationarity in Latin America and Relative Purchasing Power Parity: A Regime Switching Approach

This paper tests for long-run purchasing power (PPP) among a sample of six Latin American economies. The key contribution of this paper is in terms of the econometric methodology where non-stationarity of the real exchange rate is tested within a Markov regime-switching framework. In contrast to existing studies, this paper defines two new concepts of PPP where one allows for the possibility that real exchange behaviour either switches between stationary and non-stationary regimes (partial PPP), or switches between stationary regimes characterised by differing degrees of persistence (varied PPP). Whereas standard univariate unit root testing suggests that Latin American real exchange rates are generally non-stationary, employment of the regime-switching methodology indicates that most of the sample is characterised by the existence of two distinct stationary regimes. Further analysis indicates that the high rates of inflation and exchange rate volatility experienced in Latin American have given some impetus towards facilitating long-run PPP.

The Current State of Business History in Latin America

Business history in Latin America has seen significant growth in the past 25 years, most notably since the beginning of this century. Although the sub‐discipline benefitted from seminal studies by British and U.S. scholars, most works of note are currently produced by local scholars. Latin American business history holds great comparative potential for business historians in other parts of the world undertaking studies in the areas of emerging economies, business‐state relationships, the role of entrepreneurship, business groups, entrepreneurial families, and foreign investment and imperialism.     

中印经济之比较(英文)

The rapidly unfolding success stories of China and India are perhaps the best things tohave happened in the development realm over the last half a century or so. Otherwise, thepost-war development literature had, for most of the time, to talk only about the little Asiantigers while China and India provided attractive sites for dissertations on poverty.The fact that these two new stars of the developing world are neighbors adds to theinterest. It is hard to avoid a comparison between the two.…