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1.
我国城镇居民跨期消费行为实证分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄宇 《财经科学》2010,(3):45-52
消费可以分为耐用品和非耐用品两个类别,耐用品在消费中所占的比例日益增加是转轨时期我国城镇居民消费的一个特征。通过我国城镇居民的耐用品消费分析后发现:转轨时期我国城镇居民的跨期替代弹性大约是0.75。另外,期内替代弹性和跨期替代弹性呈现同向变动的特点,而非耐用品消费支出的系数、主观折旧率和跨期替代弹性表现出反向变动的特征。  相似文献   

2.
尽管偏向技术进步被视为可再生能源消费最重要的驱动因素之一,但现有研究普遍忽视其对可再生能源转型的影响。基于偏向技术进步理论框架,运用固定效应随机前沿生产函数分析技术进步的偏向性以及化石能源与可再生能源间的替代弹性,进而判断2000—2017年中国内地30个省域的偏向技术进步是否推动了可再生能源转型。研究发现,整体上技术进步在化石能源与可再生能源间偏向于使用更多化石能源,且二者之间具有替代关系,这表明整体上偏向技术进步不利于可再生能源转型。分省域看,仅有上海、浙江和湖北的技术进步偏向于使用更多可再生能源,且可再生能源能够有效替代化石能源,这表明上述省份的偏向技术进步有利于可再生能源转型。  相似文献   

3.
在要素替代框架下,构建一个有偏技术进步的超越对数成本函数模型,利用2000—2017年中国工业面板数据估计有偏技术进步对创新溢出效应的影响。结果发现:资本和能源有偏技术进步对创新溢出存在显著负向效应,劳动有偏技术进步对创新溢出存在显著正向效应,而中间品有偏技术进步对创新溢出的正向效应不显著。进一步将要素替代弹性变量纳入模型后发现,当资本、劳动、能源和中间品替代弹性临界阈值分别高于2.864 0、5.234 1、6.453 2及4.163 9时,有偏技术进步对创新溢出具有显著正向效应。上述发现表明,技术进步遵循具有比较优势的创新资源,本质上有利于提升创新溢出效应。  相似文献   

4.
    
We analyse the demand for money since the “break up” of the Czech-Slovak Republics at the beginning of 1993 and for the aggregates M0, Ml, and M2 using monthly data. Due to the widespread use of foreign currency in formally centrally planned economies, we also investigate the issue of currency substitution. Because of our relatively small sample period the Johansen cointegration approach is not used and instead we use the general to specific methodology in a single equation framework. Previous empirical evidence on money demand in Eastern Europe, and specifically Czech Republic, has been mixed. Both graphical and empirical results suggest that any currency substitution was a one-off event due to increased uncertainty at the end of 1992 at the time of the monetary dissolution. Certainly, currency substitution in the Czech Republic is not as strong as has been found in other former centrally planned economies. However, our results do indicate that Czech National Bank may have to take account of foreign interest rates when interpreting movements in the monetary aggregates.  相似文献   

5.
能源消费、经济资本化与节能减排   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文借助面板协整技术考察能源消费与中国经济增长的关系,基于经济资本化视角经验分析中国节能减排战略的现实选择.研究结果显示:(1)能源消费与经济增长存在长期稳定关系,无论长期还是短期,“能源中性”假说均不成立;(2)地区间能源产出弹性差异较大,各地区适宜制定差别化的节能减排目标;(3)为增长而挖掘和重估各项资源经济价值的经济资本化模式不利于节能减排战略的实施.  相似文献   

6.
对我国制造业的能源替代关系研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文运用超越对数成本函数对我国1978-2005年制造业中的能源与资本、劳动之间的关系进行了分析,发现能源与资本之间存在很强的替代关系,能源与劳动之间也存在较强的替代关系.这种性质的替代关系的存在意味着:在保持给定的产出水平下,政府可以选择提高能源税收水平的政策,从而提高能源使用成本,促进资本对能源替代,达到节约能源和减少污染物排放的目的.  相似文献   

7.
Economic and political uncertainty, high inflation and liberalization of foreign exchange restrictions have encouraged substantial currency substitution in the economies in transition. This paper presents empirical evidence on currency substitution in four Eastern European countries in transition: Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. It is shown how currency substitution affects money demand and by that seignorage revenues. The empirical estimates of the money demand functions are used to calculate the seignorage maximizing rate of inflation in the economies in transition.  相似文献   

8.
    
This paper examines the impacts of climate fluctuations on carbon emissions using monthly models of US energy demand. The econometric analysis estimates price, income, and weather elasticities of short-run energy demand. Our model simulations suggest that warmer climate conditions in the US since 1982 slightly reduced carbon emissions in the US. Lower energy use associated with reduced heating requirements offsets higher fuel consumption to meet increased air-conditioning needs. The analysis also suggests that climate change policies should allow some variance in carbon emissions due to short-term weather variations.  相似文献   

9.
通过需求侧资源促进可再生能源并网消纳,能够降低系统对传统燃煤备用机组和输电线路扩容的需求,具有显著的经济、环保效益。为了促进需求侧资源的合理开发和利用,服务于促进整个电力系统中可再生能源的消纳,文章首先分析了我国间歇可再生能源并网消纳传统模式及存在的问题;然后,构建了面向需求侧资源业主、电网企业和发电企业三个市场主体,涉及长期规划、短期运行和需求侧资源促进可再生能源并网消纳贡献度评价的我国需求侧资源促进间歇可再生能源并网消纳的“三横三纵”模式;最后,研判我国促进间歇可再生能源并网消纳的需求侧资源关键技术。  相似文献   

10.
能源回弹效应是指能源效率提高并未达到预期节能效果的经济现象,其对能源、经济与环境系统协调与可持续发展产生了不利影响。自“Khazzoom-Brookes(K-B)假说”提出以来,学术界试图利用新古典经济学及新兴经济学分支学科理论探究回弹效应的机制,揭示回弹效应的影响因素,旨在完善回弹效应的分析框架,为回弹效应的实证检验奠定坚实的理论与方法论基础。基于此,本文首先在宏观和微观两个层面上总结了回弹效应的内涵界定,阐明了不同界定形式的适用性;然后依据回弹效应发展脉络,系统梳理了回弹效应在新古典经济学框架下的理论机制,以及在新兴经济学分支学科视角下的拓展性阐释;进而,对回弹效应的研究方法进行了归纳,探讨了不同方法的适用范围、优缺点及其修正或改进;最后,总结了能源回弹效应研究中存在的问题并对未来需要关注的方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

11.
    
This article investigates the implications of China's rapid economic growth on the demand for energy and minerals, especially on the demand for these products imported from Australia. Since China's rapid growth is likely to continue for about another two decades, its demand for energy and minerals will expand as well. Nonetheless, as the share of manufacturing decreases, the expansion in demand for energy and minerals in China will slow over that period. While China's aggregate demand for energy and minerals will not expand as rapidly as its economy, its import needs, including imports from Australia, will increase more rapidly than its economy.  相似文献   

12.
中国工业部门要素分配份额决定因素研究   总被引:63,自引:9,他引:63  
本文讨论我国工业部门要素分配份额的决定因素问题。在标准的新古典要素分配份额模型中,本文引入Dixit-Stiglitz垄断竞争以及企业目标函数的差异,建立了要素分配份额的决定模型。根据这个理论模型,本文建立了中国工业部门要素分配份额的计量模型,并利用系统GMM方法进行估计。回归结果表明,垄断能力越高,资本收入份额越高,国有和非国有企业的资本收入份额存在明显差异,国有企业的资本收入份额明显低于非国有企业,各类经济性质企业的资本收入份额从高到低依次为外商投资企业、港澳台企业、法人投资企业、集体企业、私有企业和国有企业。传统新古典分配模型考虑的技术因素,包括要素投入比的变化和技术进步,对要素分配份额的变化没有显著影响,表明我国工业部门要素替代弹性为1,因而劳动与资本相对价格的变化对要素分配份额没有显著影响。我们的结论是,工业部门要素分配份额变化的主要原因是产品市场垄断增加和国有部门改制引起的劳动力市场环境改变。  相似文献   

13.
    
A fundamental assumption of the input-output (IO) model is a fixed relationship between interindustry flows. In the price version of the model, the assumption of fixed-coefficients prevents the optimal mix of inputs being adjusted when relative prices change. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the role of energy import prices in the IO price model without the usual non-substitution technology inherent to the input-output structure. The analysis includes alternative substitution possibilities for the elements that comprise the sectoral costs, which are empirically implemented from an IO dataset. The various substitution scenarios are defined by three different cost structures: the Leontief, Cobb-Douglas and Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) functions. The empirical application to the Catalan economy illustrates the relevance of the flexibility option used for explaining the quantitative influence of energy import prices on domestic prices. Adapting the traditional input-output model to include factor substitution makes it possible to overcome the rigidity in transmitting price impacts, and illustrates a range of possible effects.  相似文献   

14.
全要素生产率、投入替代与地区间的能源效率   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16  
本文通过对传统的能源效率指标进行分解,考察了1986—2010年间我国各地区能源效率及其影响因素的变化情况,得到以下结论:(1)能源效率变化的主要影响因素按贡献大小的排列分别是技术进步、投入替代变化与效率改善。总体上看,全要素生产率的作用要大于投入替代。技术效率变化与技术进步对能源效率的影响与我国的市场化改革进程存在密切关系;(2)尽管地区间"能源效率缺口"绝对量在逐年扩大,但表现出一定的追赶与收敛趋势。能源效率的地区结构差异表现出一定的地带性;(3)在能源效率变化的三个分解项中,投入替代变化的差异是影响地区间能源效率差异的首要因素。以上分析结果不仅有助于理解中国及各地区的能源效率及其影响因素的变化趋势,而且将为节能减排政策的制定与完善提供一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

15.
基于1999-2015年OECD专利数据库数据,依据药品专利申请数和医疗设备专利申请数,分析中国医疗技术进步现状与发展趋势。研究结果表明,中国医疗技术进步并不是平稳增长,而是呈现出跳跃式特点。新医疗保险政策出台是导致上述结果的主要原因,其影响往往滞后1~2年。医疗保险通过降低患者的价格敏感度,从而推动医疗技术进步:一方面刺激患者消费更多药品和医疗设备,提高药品和医疗设备的市场利润,刺激厂商加大研发力度;另一方面,强化患者对医疗质量的关注,加剧医院竞相引进医疗设备,激励厂商研发医疗设备。  相似文献   

16.
We study the effects on the food price of introducing biofuels as a substitute for fossil fuel in the energy market. Energy is supplied by a price-leading oil cartel and a competitive fringe of farmers producing biofuel. Biofuel production shares a finite land resource with food production. A positive relationship results between energy and food prices. We establish that the equilibrium price of food will be growing as long as the oil stock is being depleted, and beyond if demand is growing. An analysis of the effects of the productivity of land use in either the food or the biofuel sectors is carried out. It is shown that, with a highly inelastic demand for food, an increase in the productivity of land in agriculture will decrease the price of food in the short-run, only to increase it in the long-run as the stock of fossil fuel is depleted.  相似文献   

17.
    
We study the effects on the food price of introducing biofuels as a substitute for fossil fuel in the energy market. Energy is supplied by a price-leading oil cartel and a competitive fringe of farmers producing biofuel. Biofuel production shares a finite land resource with food production. A positive relationship results between energy and food prices. We establish that the equilibrium price of food will be growing as long as the oil stock is being depleted, and beyond if demand is growing. An analysis of the effects of the productivity of land use in either the food or the biofuel sectors is carried out. It is shown that, with a highly inelastic demand for food, an increase in the productivity of land in agriculture will decrease the price of food in the short-run, only to increase it in the long-run as the stock of fossil fuel is depleted.  相似文献   

18.
影响中国出口贸易的主导因素分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文采用自回归分布滞后模型和边限检验方法,利用1997年1季度至2008年4季度的数据估计了中国进出口贸易需求的收入弹性、价格弹性和汇率弹性,结果发现国外收入变化是影响中国出口的主要因素,产品价格对出口的影响较小,而人民币汇率波动对出口的影响不确定。因此,如果采取低价格促进出口的措施,不仅是低效的,而且是得不偿失的。转向以内需驱动为主的经济增长方式,是中国经济发展的必然战略选择。  相似文献   

19.
本文根据现金(M0)需求的决定因素,通过建立ARDL模型并将其转换为误差修正模型(ECM)形式,运用1992~2000年的季度数据,通过线性回归拟合出我国境内现金货币需求函数的表达式;并在必要的假设前提下,利用扣除境内需求的方法,估算出2001~2008年境外人民币的存量.结果显示,人民币境外存量的规模呈现出在波动中上升的态势,尤其是2006年以来人民币的跨境流量和境外存量有明显的大幅增加,这与人民币升值有密切关系.人民币境外存量季度末的平均值和最大值已由2001年的116.8亿元和389.6亿元分别增加到2008年的926.5亿元和2007年的1 781.6亿元.另外,人民币境外存量的季节性波动幅度较大,这给我国的货币政策操控带来一定的困难.  相似文献   

20.
China has attracted worldwide attention due to the global economic and environmental effects of its rapid economic growth over the last 20 years, with particular attention given to the country's accelerating energy consumption and resulting greenhouse gas emissions. China's electricity sector is particularly important for both of these issues as it accounts for nearly half of its greenhouse gas emissions and even greater proportions of the country's demands for primary fuel resources. In order to better understand how these issues may progress in an economy changing as fast as China's, this paper develops a framework that can be used to help model the electricity sector's future development. The framework builds upon key technological and socio-economic drivers, including those affecting electricity demand (e.g., economic growth, structure, energy efficiency, urbanization, and change in per capita income) and electricity supply (e.g., deregulation, initiatives to promote natural gas, nuclear and renewable energy, air pollution regulations, price developments for coal and natural gas, and changes in generation technology). The framework serves as a foundation for a scenario exercise on the greenhouse gas and fuel consumption impacts of different developmental paths for China's electricity sector. These scenarios and their implications for emissions and fuel consumption are presented in a subsequent article.  相似文献   

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