警惕影响科创板市场流动性的三大问题

影响科创板市场流动性的因素包括三个方面:其一,科创板限售股解禁套现;其二,创业板试点注册制;其三,科创板政策导向问题,如个人投资者门槛过高、过于倚重机构投资者提供流动性等。监管机构应鼓励科创板上市公司股东以向特定机构投资者询价转让和配售方式减持股份,避免过多采用集中竞价方式减持;采用窗口指导方式鼓励科创板与创业板错位发展;适时降低个人投资者入市门槛,鼓励长期资金入市等措施保持市场流动性。     

浅析我国创业板市场的交易制度

在经历了十多年的磨炼和等待后,创业板终于在2009年10月正式开板上市,掀起了新一波的投资热潮。创业板市场的建立,在完善我国资本市场体系,拓宽融资渠道,增强企业竞争力等方面发挥着独特的作用。本文借鉴国外创业板市场的优势,对中国初步建立的创业板市场的交易制度进行分析和评价,以促进创业板市场的完善与发展。     

借鉴韩国经验稳健发展我国创业板市场

创业板市场,又称二板市场,是给创业型企业上市融资的股票市场。为应对全球金融危机和建设创新型国家的需要,我国于2009年10月23日开设创业板市场。韩国科斯达克市场成功发展为世界上发展最迅速、最具活力、处于领先行列的创业板市场。其成功经验值得在创业板市场上处于初创时期的我国借鉴。     

浅析我国创业板市场的交易制度

在经历了十多年的磨炼和等待后,创业板终于在2009年10月正式开板上市,掀起了新一波的投资热潮。创业板市场的建立,在完善我国资本市场体系,拓宽融资渠道,增强企业竞争力等方面发挥着独特的作用。本文借鉴国外创业板市场的优势,对中国初步建立的创业板市场的交易制度进行分析和评价,以促进创业板市场的完善与发展。     

行中求变——2008年下半年以来海外主要创业板市场发展启示与风险

2008年下半年以来,在金融危机的背景下,为谋求发展,海外主要创业板市场权衡取舍,推出了一系列改革措施,部分创业板市场发生了重大变革。这些改革举措或变革,一些已显现出正面的或负面的效应,但大部分的作用还有待观察。对其进行分析,将对我国创业板市场建设带来有益启发。 2008年下半年以来,海外主要创业板市场的改革措施有,加快再融资速度,缩短再融资时间;降低上市标准,允许初创期企业上市,扩大上市企业范围;改革退市制度,维持市场正常运转,提高上市公司质量;延长年报禁止买卖期,维护市场公平性;多方位提供交易所服务,增强市场吸引力。主要变革包括：重新定位创业板;国内创业板市场间发生并购行为;优势创业板市场向海外积极扩张;中国企业海外上市发生新变化。 上述改革措施或变革有的对我国创业板有积极借鉴意义,但也有一些并不适用于我国创业板。综合来看,对我国创业板市场建设的启示是：抓住时机,迅速发展壮大;加快再融资速度,满足创业企业“小额多次”的融资需求;保持创业板市场独立性,不宜在当前条件下启动转板机制;充分发挥交易所服务职能,增强创业板市场吸引力;不断完善创业板退市指标体系。     

北交所转板制度及其完善路径研究

多层次资本市场下需要通过转板制度实行各板块的协同发展，北交所上市公司转板科创板及创业板的转板规则宣告了我国多层次资本市场转板制度的一大进展。制度施行至今将近一年，共3家企业实现了转板制度的初步实践，制度的实施情况有待总结和反思，而通过总结其他资本市场转板制度的实践，也为北交所转板制度的完善及我国全市场转板制度的最终建立提供经验借鉴，提出应适当简化审核流程、规范转板上市要求、落实常态化退市制度、坚持北交所的独立定位等建议。     

关于建立资本市场转板制度的若干思考

不管是创业板详细规则的讨论还是国际金融中心建设,事实上都不可回避资本市场转板制度建设的相关问题。目前我国多层次资本市场框架已初步搭建,但是缺乏有机的结合——转板制度。转板制度建设的国际经验表明,转板制度的推出不宜过快,同时各层次资本市场的明确分工方能确保资本市场健康发展。我国转板制度建设应该分步骤、分阶段实施,首先包括沪深公司相互转板,转板原则为转板自由;其次包括三板或创业板上市公司向上一层次的市场转板,转板原则为升板自愿、降板强制。     

北交所与多层次资本市场建设

<正>我国建设多层次资本市场的历史经验我国当前已经形成由沪深主板、创业板、科创板、新三板以及区域股权交易市场组成的金字塔式多层次资本市场的雏形。各层级市场功能定位各有侧重,上市条件宽严不一。主板市场服务大型成熟企业,上市条件最为严格;创业板服务创新创业企业,上市条件略宽于主板;科创板服务战略性新兴企业,上市条件相比创业板进一步放松;新三板服务创新、创业型中小企业,上市条件最为宽松。     

科创板是否会与创业板产生虹吸效应?

科创板的建立对丰富我国证券市场层级,完善资本市场基本制度,推动创新战略的实施有着不可替代的作用。短期来看,科创板与创业板之间可能会产生一定的虹吸现象,在壳资源估值、上市资源等方面对创业板造成不同程度的冲击。但从长期来看,科创板有助于创业板实现"自我净化",维持市场稳定,对创业板的影响利大于弊。本文以创业板的现状和科创板的制度为基础,从完善民事诉讼制度、配套追责制度和差异化信息披露制度等方面为科创板的未来发展提出了建议。     

创业板市场初创期运行模式及风险研究

本文通过总结海外创业板初创期存在的主要风险,结合我国中小企业板初创期出现的问题,对我国创业板初创期可能出现的风险做出预期。本文认为,我国创业板市场自身系统性风险主要来自于过度波动和价格高估,非系统性风险主要来自于上市公司风险;为保障创业板初创期的平稳运行,应采用“密集发行、打包上市”的运行模式,发行上市募资资金在60亿元左右为较优规模。     

中国创业板和主板市场间溢出效应研究——基于小波多分辨分析

运用小波多分辨分析及VAR-DCC-GARCH模型,研究了中国创业板与主板股票市场间的溢出效应。实证结果表明:从长期趋势看,中国创业板与主板市场之间存在双向的均值和波动溢出;从短期来看,在1～2天的短期交易周期中,两者之间不存在任何溢出效应;随着交易周期的增长,两者间的均值溢出效应是从无到单向,再到双向逐步体现出来的,而波动溢出效应的出现则没有规律性。     

创业板市场IPO定价效率研究——来自香港市场的经验证据

本文对香港创业板市场IPO抑价现象进行了实证检验，研究表明，香港创业板IPO市场定价效率相对较低：风险投资家能够带领风险企业提前上市并得到投资者认同；IPO企业经营年限、价值不确定性及IPO发行时信息处理效率等变量对香港创业板IPO市场定价效率有显著影响：承销商、审计事务所的鉴证功能得不到体现；高效的IPO发行机制有利于创业板IPO市场效率的提高。     

Reprint of: Market liquidity in the financial crisis: The role of liquidity commonality and flight-to-quality

We examine the dynamics and the drivers of market liquidity during the financial crisis, using a unique volume-weighted spread measure. According to the literature we find that market liquidity is impaired when stock markets decline, implying a positive relation between market and liquidity risk. Moreover, this relationship is the stronger the deeper one digs into the order book. Even more interestingly, this paper sheds further light on so far puzzling features of market liquidity: liquidity commonality and flight-to-quality. We show that liquidity commonality varies over time, increases during market downturns, peaks at major crisis events and becomes weaker the deeper we look into the limit order book. Consistent with recent theoretical models that argue for a spiral effect between the financial sector’s funding liquidity and an asset’s market liquidity, we find that funding liquidity tightness induces an increase in liquidity commonality which then leads to market-wide liquidity dry-ups. Therefore our findings corroborate the view that market liquidity can be a driving force for financial contagion. Finally, we show that there is a positive relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk, i.e., there is a spread between liquidity costs of high and low credit quality stocks, and that in times of increased market uncertainty the impact of credit risk on liquidity risk intensifies. This corroborates the existence of a flight-to-quality or flight-to-liquidity phenomenon also on the stock markets.     

创业投资IPO偏低定价与退出绩效实证研究

本文以1993～2006年在香港主板和创业板上市的133家H股公司为研究对象，对其偏低定价和短长期绩效情况进行了实证分析。研究表明，创业投资支持的公司的IPO偏低定价程度低于非创业投资支持的公司。创业投资支持的公司在香港主板市场的IPO偏低定价程度、长短期绩效均低于香港创业板市场，且在香港主板上市后的长期绩效呈不断下降趋势。在香港主板市场上，退出绩效与IPO偏低定价显著负相关。对创业投资支持的公司来说，在热发行期退出将获得更好的绩效。     

The strategic use of corporate insurance in China

We use the agency theory to conduct a novel test of the strategic use of property insurance in China's corporate sector. With regard to our main test hypotheses, we find that the incidence of property insurance purchased is directly related to the degree of product–market competitiveness, and positively related to market liquidity and firms’ growth opportunities. However, the homogeneity of market operations is not statistically significant. In our second-stage Cragg regression, market liquidity becomes insignificant while firms’ growth opportunities are now inversely related to the amount of insurance purchased. Additionally, the homogeneity of market operations becomes significantly related to the corporate purchase of property insurance. Therefore, different factors (e.g. cost considerations) may influence the decisions to purchase property insurance and subsequently, the level of coverage provided. We argue that our results are relevant for companies in other emerging markets such as Eastern Europe and companies operating in more developed Western economies such as the European Union (EU).     

Market liquidity risk factor and financial market anomalies: Evidence from the Chinese stock market

The Chinese stock market is an order-driven market and hence its characteristics are structurally different from quote-driven markets. There are no studies that consider the role of the market liquidity risk factor in determining cross-sectional stock returns in a model including financial market anomalies for order-driven markets. Our aim is to test whether financial market anomalies such as firm size, the book-to-market ratio, the turnover rate, and momentum both with and without the inclusion of the market liquidity risk factor in the case of the Chinese stock market can explain cross-sectional stock returns. The empirical framework is based on the model proposed by Avramov and Chordia (AC, 2006). Our main finding is that the AC model can capture financial market anomalies except momentum when we include the market liquidity risk factor on the Chinese stock market.     

Market liquidity in the financial crisis: The role of liquidity commonality and flight-to-quality

We examine the dynamics and the drivers of market liquidity during the financial crisis, using a unique volume-weighted spread measure. According to the literature we find that market liquidity is impaired when stock markets decline, implying a positive relation between market and liquidity risk. Moreover, this relationship is the stronger the deeper one digs into the order book. Even more interestingly, this paper sheds further light on so far puzzling features of market liquidity: liquidity commonality and flight-to-quality. We show that liquidity commonality varies over time, increases during market downturns, peaks at major crisis events and becomes weaker the deeper we look into the limit order book. Consistent with recent theoretical models that argue for a spiral effect between the financial sector’s funding liquidity and an asset’s market liquidity, we find that funding liquidity tightness induces an increase in liquidity commonality which then leads to market-wide liquidity dry-ups. Therefore our findings corroborate the view that market liquidity can be a driving force for financial contagion. Finally, we show that there is a positive relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk, i.e., there is a spread between liquidity costs of high and low credit quality stocks, and that in times of increased market uncertainty the impact of credit risk on liquidity risk intensifies. This corroborates the existence of a flight-to-quality or flight-to-liquidity phenomenon also on the stock markets.     

内在价值、市场信息、投资者先验乐观情绪与创业板IPO抑价

我国创业板IPO自开板以来表现出较高的抑价率,其影响因素较多。本文首先从公司内在价值、市场信息和投资者先验乐观情绪三方面对影响创业板IPO抑价的因素进行了理论分析;然后建立了不同的回归模型进行实证检验。结果发现市场信息和投资者先验乐观情绪是抑价率的主要影响因子,公司的内在价值在抑价上较少得到体现。IPO首日换手率较高,股票的流动性较强,但存在一定的操控性因素。     

金融市场开放背景下境内外币市场的变化与挑

长期以来,境内外币市场流动性更多受到境内企业外币存贷款需求变化的影响,关注其变化就能对流动性做出较好预判。但随着我国金融市场的开放程度不断提升,资本及金融市场项目的进出逐渐成为了决定境内外币流动性状况的主要因素,境内外市场利差不断缩小,对于全球货币市场流动性及境内资产的对外吸引力研究已成为境内外币流动性管理者不得不重视的课题。     

Stairway to heaven or gateway to hell? A competing risks analysis of delistings from Hong Kong's Growth Enterprise Market

A competing risks hazard model is employed to examine the reasons for Hong Kong's Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) companies transferring to the Main Board (MB) in the period 2000–2012. In our sample during the period 21 companies or 15% of the original stock moved up to the MB. The modal life expectancy of a GEM company was about eight years. Companies that did not move up to the MB were at a small risk of delisting due to long term suspension or liquidation, but the great majority just remained where they were. Regarding the factors behind transfer to the MB, of the 129 companies listed on the GEM in the period, we find that companies with higher net profit and greater product market power were more likely to graduate in the following year. However, companies with lower growth, higher financial risk and those audited by more prestigious partnerships were more likely to delay transfer to the MB by another year and hence more likely to liquidate. We also find evidence that VC backing is economically important: it increases the hazard of promotion six-fold. Thus, a listing on the GEM in this period was, for a significant minority of companies a ‘stairway to heaven’ and for much smaller proportion a ‘gateway to hell’.