卫生部等6部局关于含库拉索芦荟凝胶食品标识规定的公告

为规范含库拉索芦荟凝胶食品的标识，保护消费者的健康权益，根据《食品卫生法》和《新资源食品管理办法》的相关要求，对含库拉索芦荟凝胶食品的标识作出规定。现公告如下：     

聚合物凝胶改善水驱波及技术现状及展望

聚合物凝胶体系以其优秀的扩大波及体积的效果已经被广大油田所应用.按照组成成分和应用条件,聚合物凝胶体系主要分为单体凝胶、 聚合物凝胶和预交联凝胶3种.最早使用的地下单体凝胶聚合堵水调剖剂为丙烯酰胺;传统的地下交联聚合物凝胶技术包括金属交联聚丙烯酰胺本体胶和有机交联聚丙烯酰胺本体胶;预交联凝胶体系包括预交联凝胶颗粒、 微凝胶及透明水.基于对三大凝胶体系成分及应用条件的分析,提出未来新型凝胶研究应加强深部液流转向用凝胶的开发及应用于恶劣油藏环境凝胶的研制.     

大豆分离蛋白凝胶值的测定

大豆分离蛋白具有很好的凝胶性、乳化性和胶粘性等功能特性，利用物性测定仪测试大豆分离蛋白的功能性，可以把这些特性作出数据化的准确表述，本论文提出了凝胶性的测定方法，仪器的设置参数，同时对不同浓度盐水制备的样品胶体分别进行了分析。测定25％的盐水制备的胶体，能够得到最好的凝胶值。     

硅气凝胶纤维复合毡的制备

文章采用工业水玻璃为硅源,通过溶胶凝胶法制备了溶胶前驱体,将硅酸铝纤维与溶胶进行浸渍复合制备了硅气凝胶纤维复合毡。测量其导热系数表明,硅气凝胶的加入使纯纤维毡导热系数从0.035 W/(m·K)下降至0.021 W/(m·K)。复合毡绝热性能优异。     

自愈合水凝胶的应用研究进展

水凝胶是一种以大量水为分散介质且质地柔软的高分子材料,广泛应用于日常生活。而自愈合是材料能够自动地修复破损、恢复材料原有性能的一种性质。由于水凝胶材料大多力学强度较低,使用过程易发生机械损伤且损伤后性能大大降低,无法继续满足使用要求。因此仿照生物体损伤自愈合的原理,制备出具有自愈合性质的水凝胶材料具有十分重要的意义,可以延长水凝胶的使用寿命、降低成本、扩大其应用范围。随着技术的不断发展,自愈合水凝胶材料在医用器械、仿生电子皮肤、可注射水凝胶等方面备受关注,因此本文将对自愈合水凝胶材料的实现机理以及应用研究进行综合阐述。     

SiO2气凝胶在建筑材料领域的应用

SiO2气凝胶是一种纳米结构材料,具有很高的透光性和极低的热导率,这些性能使得这种材料在建筑领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文主要介绍了气凝胶材料的性能特点,以及国内外对于这种材料的研究和应用现状,并讨论了SiO2气凝胶进一步在建筑材料上应用需要解决的问题。     

智能水凝胶在给药系统中的应用

智能水凝胶是一类能"感知"外界环境微小的物理或化学变化刺激,自身性质随之发生明显改变的功能性聚合物,是构建智能型给药系统的新型栽体材料,也是目前环境感应性控释给药系统的研究热点.论述了温度敏感性水凝胶和pH敏感性水凝胶的性质及在药物控释体系中的应用.     

Cr3+凝胶动态循环成胶界限室内评价

选取中分分子量聚合物,HD-4、HD-5、HD-6型交联剂配制的Cr3+凝胶在经过五层互成45度25目筛网循环装置的条件下分别对Cr3+凝胶体系进行动态成胶浓度界限进行评价.实验表明:聚合物成胶最低浓度在800～850mg/L,对应交联剂成胶最低浓度为70mg/L～90mg/L,低浓度的Cr3+凝胶体系成胶时间一般在24h～120h之间,成胶后体系粘度会显著上升,表明Cr3+凝胶体系成胶.     

凝胶色谱法测定头孢菌素类药物中高分子杂质的应用心得

凝胶色谱法通常又被人们叫做凝胶色谱技术，这种技术是一种应用方法非常简单的分离技术，因为这种技术所使用的设备非常的简单，操作中也不会对操作人员有非常高的要求，所以这种方法在测定头孢菌素类药物中高分子杂质方面有着非常广泛的应用。     

依托芬那酯凝胶治疗骨关节炎的疗效观察与护理

目的:观察依托芬那酯凝胶治疗骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:将80例骨关节炎患者随机分成治疗组与对照组各40例,治疗组用依托芬那酯凝胶加红外线治疗,对照组用双氯芬酸钠乳膏治疗,1周后对关节疼痛、压痛、活动痛进行对比。结果:治疗组显效34例,总有效率100%。对照组显效26例,总有效率85%。结论:依托芬那酯凝胶加红外线治疗骨关节炎疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

Consistent estimation in the presence of incidental parameters

Summary Let (X,A) be a measurable space andP _ϑη |A (ϑη) ∈ Θ x H, ∥A, (θ, η) ∈ Θ×H, a parametrized family of probability measures (for short:p-measures). This paper is concerned with the problem of consistently estimatingθ from realizations governed by , where η^u ∈ H, v ∈ ℕ, are unknown.     

Reproducibility in the one-parameter exponential family

Summary LetX ₁, ...,X _n be i.i.d. random variables with common distribution an element of a linear one-parameter exponential family indexed by a natural parameter . It is proved that the distribution of is an element ofF, for all andn=1, 2, ... if and only ifF is a family of scale transformed Poisson distributions.     

Una nuova caratterizzatione dell'ammissibilità nella teoria delle decisioni

In questo lavoro viene fornita una nuova caratterizzazione dell'ammissibilità attraverso un adeguato uso della nozione di ammissibilità parziale. Questa caratterizzazione consente di affrontare le questioni riguardanti la completezza della classe delle decisioni ammissibiliti sotto condizioni «maneggevoli». Fornisce inoltre un approccio unificante al problema della completezza che consente di derivare, come casi particolari, alcuni risultati già noti nella letteratura sull'argomento.

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In this paper a new characterization of admissibility is given for general decision problems. It is based on an adequate use of the notion of partial admissibility.A general decision problem is usually synthetized by a triplet (, , ) where is the states (or parameters) space, the set of available decisions and is a family of real valued functions defined on and expressing numerically the consequences of choosing when the state is . The set is regarded as a subset of the space of all real valued functions on endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence.As for as admissibility is concerned all the pertinent information about decisions are contained in the corresponding functionsW .This allows to introduce a notion of partial admissibility through the neigh-bourhoods of this topology. Admissibile decisions are then shown to be limits of monotone non increasing sequences of partially admissible decisions.Moreover this topological characterization allows to prove the completeness of classes of admissible decisions under acceptable systems of conditions which contain as special cases, known results in literature.

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Lavoro svolto nell'ambito del Gruppo Nazionale per l'Analisi Funzionale e le sue Applicazioni del C.N.R.     

Some new mathematical methods in dynamic programming over infinite horizon

Two properties of the potentialsU(x, y) are studied. They are the acyclicity and the strong convexity. By mean of them, information on the dynamic behavior of the optimal choice functions is obtained. The previous results are then applied,via Dynamic Programming, to the models of optimization over an infinite horizon (discounted Ramsey models). Qualitative information on the dynamics in such models is derived and some new stability results are given.

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Riassunto Nel presente lavoro vengono proposte due proprietà dei potenzialiU(x, y): l'aciclicità e la convessità forte. Entrambe permettono di ottenere informazioni sul comportamento dinamico delle funzioni di scelta ottimale .La precedente teoria viene poi applicata, utilizzando la programmazione dinamica, al problema di dedurre informazioni qualitative sulle dinamiche nei modelli di ottimizzazione ad orizzonte infinito (modelli di Ramsey con utilità scontate). Si ottengono in questo modo alcuni nuovi risultati di stabilità delle soluzioni in questo modello.

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The research of the author was partially supported by a grant from the «Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione». A first version of this paper was delivered at the «VIII Convegno A.M.A. S.E.S., Modena 26–29 September 1984». In am grateful to E. Castagnoli and P. Mazzoleni for helpful suggestions. For any remaining errors, I am entirely responsible.     

Hölder Distance Function and Measurement of Technical Efficiency

In this paper we intend to establish relations between the way efficiency is measured in the literature on efficiency analysis, and the notion of distance in topology. In particular we study the Holder norms and their relationship to the shortage function (Luenberger (1995) and the directional distance function (Chambers, Chung and Färe (1995–96)). Along this line, we provide mathematical programs to compute the Holder distance function. However, this has a perverse property that undermines its attractiveness: it fails the commensurability condition suggested by Russell (1988). Thus, we introduce a commensurable Holder distance function invariant with respect to a change in the units of measurement. Among other things we obtain some continuity result and we prove that the well known Debreu-Farrell measure is a special case of the Holder distance function.     

Bootstrap inference for impulse response functions in factor‐augmented vector autoregressions

In this study, we consider residual‐based bootstrap methods to construct the confidence interval for structural impulse response functions in factor‐augmented vector autoregressions. In particular, we compare the bootstrap with factor estimation (Procedure A) with the bootstrap without factor estimation (Procedure B). Both procedures are asymptotically valid under the condition , where N and T are the cross‐sectional dimension and the time dimension, respectively. However, Procedure A is also valid even when with 0 ≤ c < ∞ because it accounts for the effect of the factor estimation errors on the impulse response function estimator. Our simulation results suggest that Procedure A achieves more accurate coverage rates than those of Procedure B, especially when N is much smaller than T. In the monetary policy analysis of Bernanke et al. (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2005, 120(1), 387–422), the proposed methods can produce statistically different results.     

On Bayesian optimum allocation in some two phase sampling problems

Summary For estimating certain parametric functions, we consider the problem of allocatingN _i, the size of the sample from theith population,i=1,2,...,k, at the second phase of sampling of a two phase sampling procedure, given that we taken _i observations from the population at the first phase. We consider that the observations from theith population follow the exponential distribution with mean _i,i=1,2,...,k, and the functions to be estimated are (i) (d_i/_i) and (ii) (d_ii). When the total cost of sampling at the second phase is c _iN_i and is fixed, allocations using the Bayes approach are obtained so that the estimation is as precise as is possible.     

Statistical tests for multiple forecast comparison

We consider a multivariate version of the Diebold–Mariano test for equal predictive ability of three or more forecasting models. The Wald-type test, $S$, which has a null distribution that is asymptotically chi-squared, is shown to be generally invariant with respect to the ordering of the models being compared. Finite-sample corrections for the test are also developed. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that $S$ has reasonable size properties in large samples but tends to be oversized in moderate samples. The finite-sample correction succeeds in correcting for size, but only partially. For the size-adjusted tests, power increases with sample size, as expected. It is speculated that further finite-sample improvements can be achieved using Hotelling’s $T^2$ or bootstrap critical values.     

Quality of local equilibria in discrete exchange economies

This paper defines the notion of a local equilibrium of quality $(r,s)$, $0\le r,s$, in a discrete exchange economy: a partial allocation and item prices that guarantee certain stability properties parametrized by the numbers $r$ and $s$. The quality $(r,s)$ measures the fit between the allocation and the prices: the larger $r$ and $s$ the closer the fit. For $r,s\le 1$ this notion provides a graceful degradation for the conditional equilibria of Fu, Kleinberg and Lavi (2012) which are exactly the local equilibria of quality $(1,1)$. For $1<r,s$ the local equilibria of quality $(r,s)$ are more stable than conditional equilibria. Any local equilibrium of quality $(r,s)$ provides, without any assumption on the type of the agents’ valuations, an allocation whose value is at least $\frac{rs}{1+rs}$ the optimal fractional allocation. In any economy in which all agents’ valuations are $a$-submodular, i.e., exhibit complementarity bounded by $a\ge 1$, there is a local equilibrium of quality $(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{a})$. In such an economy any greedy allocation provides a local equilibrium of quality $(1,\frac{1}{a})$. Walrasian equilibria are not amenable to such graceful degradation.