从农民收入结构探寻增加农民收入的对策

农民收入关系到农民利益,关系到整个经济的发展。改革开放以来,农民的收入结构发生了很大的变化,这种变化很好地反映出了农民收入持续增长缓慢的原因。透过这些原因我们便能制定出更有针对性地提高农民收入的策略。     

基于农民人力资本视角的中国农民收入增长宏观分析框架

提高农民收入是目前十分重要而紧迫的一项任务,而制度供给对于农民收入的增加是边际绩效递减的。长期来看,从农业及农村内部去解决农民增收问题可能性越来越小。指出了农民自身素质即农民人力资本是认识和解决农民收入问题的切入点,并试图在制度供给因素之外,建立起农民人力资本这个长期的影响因子与中国农民收入间的联系。     

解析当前农民收入提高受阻的原因及解决的途径

本文通过对陕西某村的所有农户进行调查,综合分析了当前农民收入的瓶颈.主要从农业的弱质性,农民的受教育程度,信息不对称和农产品深加工能力四个方面分析了当前农民收入为何无法提高,并针对这几方面的问题提出一些见解,希望可以对提高农民收入有一定的帮助,也希望国家实施的有效政策可以使农民真正的享受到福利.     

农民收入增长问题探索

近年来，我国农民收入处于低速增长状态，严重制约了农业和农村经济的发展。而我国农业基础薄弱、农业生产率低，农产品价格持续低迷，政府对农业投入不足，农外就业困难及农民负担过重是影响农民收入增长的主要原因。因此，只有调整农业产业结构、加快城镇化速度、加大政府对农业的投入，切实减轻农民负担，才能进一步提高农民收入，加快我国更高水平小康社会建设的步伐。     

农村基础设施投资效应研究——基于辽宁省的实证分析

运用双对数C-D生产函数模型来实证检验各类基础设施投资与农业经济、非农经济和农民收入之间的内在关系。分析结果表明,不同基础设施投资对辽宁农业生产、非农业生产、农民收入水平的产出弹性均具有显著的影响,并且,教育基础设施的作用最为突出。因此,辽宁省要继续优化农村基础设施投资结构,为农村经济持续发展创造条件。     

后家电下乡时代农村家电消费需求分析

本文以家电下乡为背景,以江苏省数据为例,针对家电下乡产品的消费支出受农民收入、家电产品价格、家电产品存量、家庭内部结构、政策因素等的影响进行了实证研究。研究表明,最高限价调整前,农民对于家电下乡产品的消费支出与农民收入、家庭人口规模、每一劳动力负担人口及对教育的重视程度呈负相关关系,而与家电下乡产品平均价格、家电产品存量及政府财政收入呈正相关关系;最高限价调整后,农民对于家电下乡产品的消费支出与农民收入、家庭人口规模及对教育的重视程度呈正相关关系,而与家电下乡产品平均价格、家电产品存量、每一劳动力负担人口及政府财政收入呈负相关关系。结合全国家电下乡资料,进一步研究发现,农村家电消费市场仍然潜力巨大,农民收入仍将是刺激农村家电消费的主要因素,政策因素在推动农民家电消费中的作用不可忽视,未来政府的类似补贴政策应更加注重地区间的公平性。     

中共中央国务院作出重大部署做好2001年农业和农村工作

《中共中央、国务院关于做好2001年农业和农村工作的意见（2001年1月11日）》指出,继续发挥农业对国民经济和社会发展的支撑作用,是顺利实施"十五"计划的重要保证。必须坚定不移地加强农业的基础地位,切实解决农村面临的突出问题,确保农业发展、农民增收和农村稳定。 意见指出,新阶段发展农村经济,增加农民收入,要有新的思路。要大力调整农业结构,向农业的深度和广度进军,全面提高农业的素质和效益,这是增加农民收入的主要途径。坚持深化农村改革,落实农村政策,把农民积极性切实地保护好、调动好、发挥好,这是增加农民收入的动…     

中国农民增收困境的形成机制研究

中国农民收入问题必须通过与城镇居民收入差距的比较进行研究。解决农民增收问题的关键是通过政府的惠农政策不断提高农民人均纯收入的增长率。通过理论模型的分析,可以得出农民人均纯收入的增长率是由农产品价格的上涨率、技术进步率、人均资本的增长率和农业人口的转移率等四大因素决定。所以,提高农民收入的关键在于深化价格政策改革、促进科技兴农政策改革、改善金融投资环境和加快农村劳动力转移。     

关于城郊农民增收问题的思考

"三农"问题的核心是农民问题,农民问题的根本是利益问题,利益问题的关键是收入问题。近年来,农民增收不快,城乡居民收入差距拉大,使农村经济社会发展受到一定的影响,农民增收问题已成为关乎经济社会发展全局的问题。在当前情况下,正确分析农民收入持续增长面临的新情况、新问题,寻求进一步增加农民收入的正确途径和措施,对于全面贯彻党的十七大和十七届三中全会精神,加快农村全面小康社会的实现,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

铜鼓倡导品牌富山区

江西省铜鼓县工商局为响应县委县政府提出的“加快生态绿色（有机）农产品发展的目标”,把山区的有机农产品推出山门,走向国内外市场,增加了山区农民收入。     

Supermarket contracts and smallholder farmers: Implications for income and multidimensional poverty

Food systems in developing countries are changing rapidly with a growing role of modern supermarkets. Supermarkets influence supply chains and the way agricultural products are sourced from farmers. Especially for the procurement of fresh fruits and vegetables, supermarkets often contract farmers directly to ensure consistent and high-quality supply. One important question, which is addressed here, is whether smallholder farmers benefit from supermarket contracts. Previous studies address this question, but mostly focus on income effects without exploring implications for other dimensions of household welfare, such as nutrition, health, or housing conditions. Moreover, most existing studies rely on cross-section data. We add to the literature by analyzing effects of supermarket contracts on income and multidimensional poverty using three rounds of panel data collected from smallholder vegetable farmers in Kenya and econometric models with household fixed effects. On average, supermarket contracts increase household income by over 40%. We also find significant reductions in income poverty and multidimensional poverty. Quantile regressions show that farmers in all income groups benefit, but richer households benefit more than poorer ones in absolute terms. However, supermarket contracts cause the strongest reductions in multidimensional deprivations among the poorest households.     

从农民收入结构变化分析如何使农民增收

民以食为天,农业是我国的立国之本。党中央、国务院历来高度重视农业、农村和农民工作。2004年,国家在宏观调控时注重加强农业,颁布和实施了一系列更直接、更有力的政策措施。各地区各部门认真贯彻落实中央决策,保护和调动了农民积极性,农村呈现出良好的发展局面。粮食生产出现重要转机,农民收入实现较快增长,农村改革迈出重大步伐,农村社会事业取得新的进展。这对促进国民经济发展和保持社会稳定发挥了至关重要的作用。但是,我国农村的发展还是比较落后的,农民的收入还有待进一步提高。我国分为东、中、西及东北地区,本文选取东部与西部两个对比强烈的地区,从东西部地区收入的现状及变化趋势,分析了农民收入结构的变化及其所产生的问题,并探讨了如何根据不同情况使农民增收。     

Impact of contract farming on land productivity and income of maize and potato growers in Pakistan

While the positive income effect of contract farming is well established in the literature, the heterogeneity of effects for different crops has not been widely investigated. This study compares the income and productivity effects of large-scale contract farming under contract schemes for potatoes and maize in Pakistan. In the area of the study, maize is a common staple crop, widely available in the market, while the potatoes produced by contract farmers are a special variety not sold in the market. We find that potato contracting is associated with significantly higher income for participating farmers, while maize contracting has no association with either income or productivity. We found no negative association between contract participation and income from other sources. Taken together, these results show a higher total household income for potato contract farmers. We also show unique evidence that potato contract farmers tend to employ more skilled workers under a salary system for the management of farms, which implies that contract farming may have positive spillover effects in the skilled labor market. Neither scheme, however, is associated with larger employment of agricultural labor for simple tasks.     

江苏农民收入倍增能力实证分析——以江苏盐城为例

江苏人民政府提出居民收入七年倍增计划。收入倍增计划的关健因素是农民增收问题。本文以盐城市农民收入倍增为例,以协同学理论为指导,构造了评价指标体系,使用因子分析法进行评价,得出江苏十三个地级市农民增收能力的排名。其结果前三名为苏州、无锡和常州;盐城为第九。指出评价结果与实际情况一致。     

快速城市化进程是否有利于农民增收——以天津地区为例

通过天津地区时间序列数据建立VAR模型以及进行Granger因果关系检验,认为,城市化进程有利于农民增收,但是Granger因果关系并不显著;相反,农民收入增长得越快,反而有助于推进城市化进程。盲目加快城市化进程,容易造成一些负面影响。     

Adoption of food safety and quality standards among Chilean raspberry producers – Do smallholders benefit?

The growing importance of food quality and safety standards in international markets is influencing production and marketing conditions of farmers worldwide. The effects of this development on small-scale farmers in developing countries are controversially discussed in the scientific debate. While small-scale farmers may benefit from standard compliance in terms of better market access and technology upgrading, non-compliance may lead to market exclusion and marginalization. The present study aims to identify the factors influencing a certification according to food safety and quality standards and the impact on farm management and income among exportoriented raspberry farmers in Chile. Survey data from 57 certified and 169 non-certified Chilean smallholder raspberry producers is analyzed. The analysis of the certification decision shows that small-scale farmers are less likely to implement food safety and quality standards. Once farmers are able to overcome the barriers and implement a food standard, we find that this has a positive effect on their quality performance and net raspberry income.     

Farmer training in off-season vegetables: Effects on income and pesticide use in Bangladesh

The cultivation of crops outside the regular cropping calendar when supply is low and prices are high can give farmers better profits and consumers more choice. However, off-season production may increase pesticide risk if crops are more affected by pests and diseases and farmers do not handle pesticides correctly. This study quantified the effect of training in off-season tomato production on the income and pesticide use of smallholder vegetable farmers in southwestern Bangladesh. The study uses farm-level data from 94 trained and 151 non-trained farm households and applies propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting to correct for selection bias. For the average smallholder vegetable farmer, training increased net household income by about 48%. We found that 31% of the trained farm households who had initially adopted the technology continued its use in the second year, but farm households who discontinued using the technology also experienced significant income gains from the training. There was a significant increase in pesticide use (+56%) and although there was an improvement in pesticide handling practices, trained farmers may have been more exposed to pesticide health risk. The policy implication is that while off-season vegetable production can create dramatic income improvements, it is important to emphasize safe and sustainable pest management methods as part of policies promoting it.     

我国农民工进城务工收入的调查分析：2000—2008

农村劳动力转移是我国实现工业化必须面对的重大课题,也是解决我国三农问题的根本途径。现阶段我国农村劳动力转移突出地表现为农民工进城问题。农民工进城务工收入的高低,直接影响着我国农村劳动力转移的数量和质量。本文应用第一手调查资料,从农户行为的微观角度研究了我国农民工进城务工收入的变化趋势和影响因素。分析显示：从2000年到2008年,我国农民工进城务工的收入有了较大提高;年龄、性别、学历、收入水平、区位等因素的差异对农民工进城务工的收入有一定的影响。     

Do farmers’ organizations enhance the welfare of smallholders? Findings from the Mozambican national agricultural survey

Farmers’ organizations have been used as a tool to improve the living conditions of farmers in many countries by improving market access, access to information and capacity to increase production. I employ panel data from Mozambique to investigate how membership in farmers’ organizations impacts smallholders’ welfare. Using difference-in-difference estimators that control for unobservable selection bias, I find a positive impact of membership on the marketed surplus (25%), the value of agricultural production (18%) and on total income (15%, and more than 20% for those whose main source of cash income is the agricultural sector).