建立“双体系”教育体系 突出“应用型”旅游管理人才培养特色

我国旅游高等教育体系存在一定的缺陷 ,主要是追随着传统的本科教育的教学体系 ,重理论教学体系的建立 ,轻实践教学体系的建立 ,人才培养模式与行业对人才的要求存在一定的差距。本文试图建立旅游高等教育的“双金字塔结构的教育体系” ,即理论教学体系和实践教学体系 ,突出旅游管理人才培养的适用性 ,并提出了相应的措施。     

基于OBE理念的旅游管理专业实践教学体系改革研究与实践——以广西师范大学为例

伴随着高等教育的改革与发展,高校人才培养多以OBE理念为指导。旅游管理专业作为培养旅游行业高级技术人才的重要专业,理应在教学体系中贯彻执行OBE教育理念。文章以广西师范大学旅游管理专业实践教学体系改革为例,通过对本科实践教学中存在的问题进行反思,明晰实践教学改革的方向与重点,进而依据OBE理念提出“遵循OBE设计原则,构建合理课程体系”“落实‘以学生为中心’,改进实践教学方式”“设计多维度考核方式,完善实践教学评价机制”“构建实践实训新模式,打造‘课证赛训岗’五位一体教学模式”“打造高水平‘双师型’队伍,提升实践教学能力”等具体的改革措施,以助力旅游管理专业学生实践能力与创新能力的培养,实现旅游管理专业人才培养与社会需求有效对接,从而更好地服务于社会经济发展。     

关于旅游人才培养模式和教育方法的思考与实践

在目前我国旅游高等教育研究中 ,大多偏重于课程体系的整合和人才培养规格的研究 ,而针对旅游教育具有个性化意义的教育教学方式的研究与实践相对不足 ,致使科学的培养方案也缺乏了实现的通道。笔者在此将本学院几年来在旅游高等教育中在人才培养模式和教育方法上的思考与实践进行系统总结 ,以形成一整套对旅游高等教育具有针对性和创新性的融理论与实践于一体的具体教育教学方式     

关于构建循环性旅游高等教育模式的实践与思考

在经济全球化的发展趋势下 ,结合旅游高等教育自身特点 ,决定了旅游专业高等教育的发展必须具备理论性和实践性两大特征 ,不能厚此薄彼。本文试从这一问题入手 ,探讨在现实的旅游专业教育中 ,如何将二者有效结合起来 ,从教育观念更新、教学实践探索和精品课程建设等方面分析和创新旅游专业高等教育模式 ,并提出一些具有可操作性的建议。     

德国的旅游教育体系概述

德国旅游专业的高等教育包括职业教育和学术教育两种,其中旅游职业教育已经相当完善,而旅游学术教育尽管50年前已经开设了第一门课程,但相当而言仍然较新。旅游学术教育目前主要由应用性课程组成,并力图理论与实践相结合。尽管德国的许多综合性大学都优先发展旅游专业,但综合性大学的旅游专业目前还没有独立的学科和学位。随着“波隆那宣言”的影响、以及本科和硕士课程在德国的引入,情况会随之变化。     

职业教育的基本特征对旅游高等教育的启示

旅游高等教育是面向和服务于旅游产业 ,具有鲜明职业特征的专业教育 ;职业教育是相对独立的教育类型 ,具有不同于普通教育的人才培养模式。本文通过分析职业教育在教育目标、教育内容、教育方式、教育媒体等教育四元素上的特征、与学科教育的异同点 ,试图从新的角度来看待旅游高等教育中亟待解决的问题 ,并针对问题提出若干看法 ,希望能为旅游高等教育的创新和发展抛砖引玉     

中国旅游高等教育的另类解读

中国旅游高等教育正面临着一场困境:“教育膨胀”、“人才稀缺”、“就业压力”、“人才流失”构成一系列尖锐的矛盾和冲突,左右着中国旅游高等教育的发展。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出了困境的根源在于学科基本问题的缺失,以及由此所引起的一些负反馈机制。因而,要摆脱困境的基本前提便是“厘清学科的基本问题,构建学科核心知识体系”。这才是中国旅游高等教育的根本出路。     

竞争与整合:中国旅游教育发展与广西的对策

在中国迈向世界旅游强国的进程中 ,旅游教育发展跨入了竞争与整合发展的新阶段。但目前中国旅游教育能力仍然滞后于旅游人才需求的增长 ,旅游教育必须走出被动适应市场需求的窘境。为此 ,要编制全国性的旅游教育发展规划 ,培育一批具有世界影响的旅游教育的品牌学校 ,规范旅游学科建设 ,加快旅游教育师资队伍建设 ,建构具有特色的“旅游人才教育高地” ,以形成与旅游强国地位相适应的旅游教育体系。广西要抓住全国旅游教育竞争和整合的机遇 ,继续保持规模增长的良好势头 ,努力规避旅游高等教育发展的分散化趋势 ,集中建设好桂林旅游学院 ,为建构适应旅游强国地位的旅游教育体系做出贡献     

论旅游高等教育中的双语教学实践

新世纪旅游教育已经成为旅游产业链的一个组成部分 ,旅游高等教育在行业发展的带动之下面临着前所未有的市场化压力。行业特性决定了双语人才在入世后中国旅游业与国际旅游业竞争中的重要地位。传统教育中语言教育和专业教育相分离 ,使专业人才与语言人才难以合二为一。本文提出在旅游高等教育中导入双语教学 ,以新的教育思想、教学思路来培养旅游业所急需的双语人才 ,提高旅游高等教育质量 ,改良旅游业的产业链 ,促使中国旅游业的产业素质的提高。     

中国饭店管理本科教育的未来:产业导向、国际化、应用型

自20世纪70年代末我国创办第一个旅游人才培养学校以来,我国的旅游高等教育已经建立起一支庞大的、层次齐全的旅游人才培养体系,但是也普遍存在教育供给与业界需求结构不均衡的现象.中国的饭店管理高等教育,特别是占大多数的本科教育到底要如何开展,是业界和教育界都亟待解决的现实问题.对于教育界而言,产业导向、国际化和应用型则是必须坚守的三大基本方针.     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

The perceived impact of tourism by residents a case study in Santa Marta,Colombia

Studies of the local population's perception of tourism impact are useful in setting up programs to minimize friction between tourists and residents, and in formulating plans to gain resident support of tourist ventures. This study identifies the positive and negative aspects of tourism as perceived by the Santa Marta residents, and the influence of selected variables on resident response. It is hypothesized that the perception of tourist impact varies with the distance a person lives from the tourist zone and with the resident's socio-economic status. It is found that despite the perception of some serious negative aspects, Santa Marta residents consider the overall impact of tourism to be beneficial. They want their government to offer more economic incentives and eliminate any restrictive measures in order to stimulate tourism in the area. The positive attitudes of the Santa Marta residents toward tourism may be a function of the incipient stage of tourism development in this area.     

A tourist space-time budget in the Shetland Islands

This paper addresses the need to better understand tourist pressure in selected regions of the Shetland Islands, United Kingdom, using measures of space, time, perception, region, and core-periphery. Normally an economic theory, core-periphery was applied in the context of this study as a locational and mental construct in examining tourism group movement (behavior). Respondents were placed into two groups on the basis of their activitybased motivations for visiting Shetland and asked to complete a daily space-time budget regarding their use of attractions, facilities, accommodation, and transportation. It was discovered that both groups differed marginally in their space-time use of the aforementioned variables within the various regions of Shetland.     

The failure of ‘control’ in the hospitality industry

This paper explores the relationship between the literature on the issue of control and the realities of the hospitality industry. Management control is related to the unsanctioned entrepreneurial activities of operatives (illustrated by the ‘taxi scam’), the failure of computer systems used to control operatives, and the failure of the hospitality industry to exploit the potential of the new technology. The paper suggests that management's (and a significant part of the literature in this area) failure within hospitality is linked to the perception of the role of the hospitality manager as one of policing the industry.     

Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa : The case of Zambia

Development of Africa's immense tourism potential is severely limited for reasons including lack of capital, distance from the large North American and European markets, the cost of travel to Africa, and Africa's poor image abroad. A key factor contributing to this image problem is political instability. Since World War II, almost all African countries have achieved independence. In several countries, this decolonization process has taken the form of long and often bloody liberation wars. This paper examines the impact of Zimbabwe's protracted liberation war on tourism development in Zambia and suggests that a detailed examination of major internal and external political events associated with the decolonization process in Zimbabwe could provide important perspectives on the obstacles to tourism development in other African countries.     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

IMPACT OF AN ECONOMIC CRISIS Evidence from Turkey

This paper evaluates the impact of the 2001 economic crisis on the tourism industry in Turkey. The research findings reveal that neither the government nor private organizations had any plans for dealing with the crisis before or after the event. It had both negative and positive impacts although its benefits were often overlooked. The overall implication of the study is that national culture, the level of economic development of a country, the availability of financial resources, and the ability and knowledge of its government officials and managers of private firms have a direct impact on how such an event is responded to and managed.     

Hosts, guests and politics: Coastal Resorts Morphological Change

Resort morphology goes through a predictable sequence of stages: from pre-tourism low through high-density development to an urbanized state. Three elements are considered essential in such coastal resorts change: hosts, guests, and politics. Using historical data from the mass-developed Greek island of Crete, ten principal characteristics are identified as determinants of the morphological change of coastal resorts. A temporal model of unplanned change is also proposed. Although the study was constrained by limited data availability, the proposed model is deemed able to represent the morphological change of Cretan mass-developed coastal resorts.     

The rediscovery of America: Elite automobile touring

The automobile has radically changed tourist habits this century. In the first decade it was enthusiastically embraced by a small, wealthy elite. In America this elite “rediscovered” the romantic northeastern scenery painted by the Hudson Valley School of artists. This process is documented both in the general elite tourist literature of the period and in a specific case study from an elite summer colony. In the second decade “mass followed class.” Cheaper automobiles allowed the middle classes to follow the elite tourists of the first decade. The elite began to lose interest in the automobile as something exclusive to them, and turned their attention to the possibilities for touring of aviation.     

The geography of tourism: An introduction

The geography of tourism is limited by a dearth of published research in geographic journals, the relatively few individuals who actively participate in the sub-discipline, and the lack of prestige the subject matter specialty has in geography. Despite these imperfections geographers make important contributions to the study of tourism because of their unique point-of-view. This characteristic perspective is seen in the context of a conceptual frame-of-reference which consists of a matrix based on two trichotomies. An analysis and interpretation of this framework and its application to the nine substantive articles included in the special issue constitute a majority of the article.