对提升我国石油石化工业竞争力的几点看法

概述了国外石油石化公司为提高国际竞争力而实施的战略措施，分析了我国石油石化企业与国外大公司的差距，提出我国石油石化企业要参与国际竞争，除了从技术上采取许多措施外，还需转变观念。积极开展国际合作，参与国际油气资源的开发，引进海外有真才实学的专家以及加快管理体制的改革，以此来提升我国石油石化工业的国际竞争力。     

Order of entry and performance in international markets

The inter-market and intra-market orders of entry and their performance consequences are examined for an industrial product. First entrants consist typically of both multinational and local firms, while early followers are multinational firms, and later entrants are smaller, local firms. A strong order of entry-market share relationship is observed in international markets. First entrants and later entrants outsurvive early followers. The analysis reveals a strategy for achieving both first-entry into many markets and dominance within those markets. Simultaneous entry into multiple markets occurs infrequently and in mature stages of the product life-cycle.     

Acquisitions versus greenfield investments: international strategy and management of entry modes

This paper adds an important explanatory variable to the well‐established list of factors shown to influence the choice between foreign acquisitions and greenfield investments: the international strategy followed by the multinational company (MNC) in question. The MNC's international strategy is subsequently linked to the management of the two different entry modes by showing that differences in strategy are reflected in different headquarters—subsidiary relationships for acquisitions and greenfields. Some aspects of this relationship are also shown to change over time, a process that is mediated by the MNC's strategy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Getting there in a global industry: Impacts on performance of changing international presence

We investigate the effects of increasing and decreasing international presence on market share and survival in the American medical diagnostic imaging equipment industry. Imaging equipment manufacturers possessing international medical operations tend to achieve superior market share and longer survival, but we find that attempting to become an international medical player is risky. Both increasing and decreasing international presence have negative associations with survival, while decreased internationalization is associated with decreased American market share. Brief case studies suggest that the ingredients for success in internationalization may include preparedness, focused management, and learning from international experience.     

Porter's ‘competitive advantage of nations’: An assessment

Porter's Competitive Advantage of Nations is an important book which bridges the gap between strategic management and international economics while contributing substantially to both. Porter's analysis of the impact of national environment on international competitive performance demonstrates the potential for the theory of competitive strategy to rescue international economics from its slide into refined irrelevance, while simultaneously broadening the scope of the theory of competitive strategy to encompass both the international dimension and the dynamic context of competition. Nevertheless, the breadth and relevance of Porter's analysis have been achieved at the expense of precision and determinancy. Concepts are often ill defined, theoretical relationships poorly specified, and empirical data chosen selectively and interpreted subjectively.     

Foreign entry and survival: Effects of strategic choices on performance in international markets

This paper investigates effective strategies that can reduce the risk of failure in international expansion by examining the entry and survival of foreign subsidiaries in the U.S. computer and pharmaceutical industries over the 1974-89 period. Using a hazard rate model, we examine the effects of (1) diversification strategies, (2) entry strategies, and (3) organizational learning and experience on the survival probabilities of foreign subsidiaries. The results show a higher exit rate for foreign acquisitions and joint ventures than for subsidiaries established through greenfield investments. The results also indicate a higher exit rate for subsidiaries that diversify than for those that stay in the parent firm's main product areas. Finally, the results show that firms benefit from learning and experience in foreign operations, which improves the chances of success for subsequent foreign investments. These findings shed light on the dynamic process of international expansion and the evolution of the multinational corporation.     

在“一带一路”国际产能合作中建立企业主导与政府推动的协同机制

“一带一路”倡议目前已经取得阶段性成果,正在向落地生根、深耕细作、持久发展的阶段迈进.“一带一路”区域地缘政治风险复杂多样,特别是来自东道国的政治风险、安全风险和政策法律风险,给我国开展国际合作带来了严峻挑战.落实“一带一路”倡议、推进国际产能和装备制造合作是一项系统工程,需要建立企业主导与政府推动的协同机制,重点是加强政府部门的协调、引导、推动和支持作用,有效发挥各类企业的主体作用和行业协会、中介机构的重要作用.还要根据沿线国家国情、资源潜力、风险类型和权力架构的不同,采取不同的政府与企业协同机制.建议:1)加快制定《对外直接投资法》,并完善法律服务体系;2)建立健全科学的“容错机制”;3)注重对外宣传,强化舆论引导;4)在选择产能和装备合作项目时,注重互联互通和可持续发展.     

石化企业核心竞争力的分析

研究石化企业的核心竞争力的特征和结构,提出企业发展核心竞争力的战略。中国石化企业面临着国际资源市场资金竞争日益激烈、跨国公司影响力剧增、环保要求越来越高的新形势。要重视研究与开发(R&D),加强核心竞争力战略研究,在国际竞争中培养成长能力、提升价值能力、发展独有技术,在战略重组和竞争合作中,转变发展方式、发挥优势、调整结构,走上可持续发展和绿色发展之路。     

2013年国际煤炭市场分析及2014年展望

从煤炭供给、煤炭需求、煤炭进出口、煤炭价格等多个方面,全面介绍和分析了国际煤炭市场运行情况;并对2014年国际煤炭市场进行了预测与展望。     

The R&D and marketing cooperation across new product development stages: An empirical study of Taiwan's IT industry

This study extends the new product development (NPD) process research to a new environmental context (Taiwan's IT industry) and a new business type (original design manufacturing, ODM). Taiwan's IT industry has achieved a very outstanding performance during the last two decades. The island's experience is quite valuable for those emerging countries that are struggling to transform themselves from producing low-value goods to making high-technology products. After analyzing the data collected from 153 research and development (R&D) and marketing managers in Taiwanese IT firms, this study finds that the higher the perceived importance of R&D-marketing cooperation is, the higher the attained level of R&D-marketing cooperation will be. Consequently, a better NPD performance can be achieved. This study additionally reports that a firm that has adopted a Defender innovation strategy attains a lower level of R&D-marketing cooperation, and has a poorer NPD performance than those firms that adopted either Prospector or Analyzer innovation strategies. Finally, environmental uncertainty has no significant impacts on the perceived importance and the attained level of R&D-marketing cooperation.     

浅析我国工程招投标与国际招投标的区别

章分析论述我国工程招投标与国际招投标在政府的管理模式、确定造价的依据,选择中标人的标准、标底、核算工程量表等几方面存在的差别,以利于向国际接轨,我国进行WTO在即,在工程招投标将按国际惯例,与国际接轨,分析国内外招投标区别,进行改革,以利于入关后工程招投标的要求。     

2014年8月国际煤炭市场分析

从煤炭供给、煤炭需求、煤炭进出口、煤炭价格等多个方面,全面介绍和分析了国际煤炭市场运行情况;并对2014年8月国际煤炭市场进行了预测与展望。     

2014年9月国际煤炭市场分析

从煤炭供给、煤炭需求、煤炭进出口、煤炭价格等多个方面,全面介绍和分析了国际煤炭市场运行情况;并对2014年9月国际煤炭市场进行了预测与展望。     

2014年1月国际煤炭市场分析

从煤炭供给、煤炭需求、煤炭进出口、煤炭价格等多个方面,全面介绍和分析了国际煤炭市场运行情况;并对2014年2月国际煤炭市场进行了预测与展望。     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国对外贸易的影响及对策

随着关税壁垒作用日益减弱，技术性贸易壁垒作为更隐蔽、更强大的壁垒，客观上成为我国出口贸易的巨大障碍，究其原因，主要在于我国出口产品的弱质性。因此我国应加强对技术性贸易措施的管理，提高我国出口产品的竞争力。     

基于科技资源配置效率视角对北京高新技术产品国际竞争力的实证分析

本文从显示性指标和分析性指标两个方面来评价高新技术产品国际竞争力。第一步利用显示性指标对北京高新技术产品国际竞争力的现状及发展潜力进行剖析;第二步利用分析性指标来深入挖掘影响北京高新技术产品国竞争力提升的重要因素。即利用贸易竞争指数和MI指数分别测算高新技术产品国际竞争实力和国际竞争潜力;利用因子分析的方法计算出各省市区的科技资源的配置效率。研究结果表明:北京高新技术产品国际竞争实力较弱,但发展趋势呈上升态势;北京的科技资源配置效率低是影响高新技术产品国际竞争力较弱的重要因素。     

Re-assessing value (co)-creation and cooperative advantage in international networks

From the Fifth Meeting of the IMP Group in Asia, the ten papers selected for this special edition have been grouped under four broad themes: network evolution and performance; networks in emerging contexts; value (co)creation; and network structure, position, and performance. Not unexpectedly, many of the themes overlap, reflecting both the complexity and diversity of network theory.     

Competing capitalisms: capital investment in American,German, and Japanese firms

This study explains one way the home country institutional environment causes strategy differences across firms from different countries. It contrasts the investment conduct of American, German, and Japanese firms in the 10 largest manufacturing industries. We find profound national differences among these firms that are stable across industries. These differing conducts are tied to the institutional environments of the home market. The shareholder firms of the United States make investments primarily in response to expected investment returns, measured by Tobin’s Q ratio. The coalitional firms of Germany and Japan make investments primarily in response to the availability of internal finance, measured by operating cash flow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sustaining the International Competitive Advantage of Asian Firms: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions

The sudden loss of export markets by many Asian firms during the Asian financial crisis (AFC) has raised important questions on how firms in the region can regain and sustain their competitive advantage in international markets. This paper develops a conceptual model which focuses on certain key elements of a firm's internal resources as critical sources of competitive advantage and offers research propositions. It is argued that Asian firms can enhance their international competitive advantage by leveraging their internal resources within an external environment generally conducive to growth.     

中国产业发展的道路和战略选择

中国作为一个发展中国家,在经济发展的一定时期,其工业化过程必然表现为发达工业化国家的产业转移。因此,中国大多数产业的发展将经历三个阶段:幼稚期、成熟期和强壮期。为了向产业发展的第三阶段拓展,企业战略大致可有三种选择:品牌导向战略、产能导向战略和因势借势战略。战略选择的关键可能并不是什么样的战略更正确和更可取,而在于谁有动机实施某种战略。企业战略选择不仅仅以利益关切性为转移,而且是由纯理性因素和越理性因素所共同决定的。从一定意义上可以说,纯理性是世俗的理性和无差异的理性,越理性是信仰的理性和有差异的理性。因此,企业战略选择决不仅仅是纯理性的逻辑推演结果,而是以一定的价值观为基础的“理想”追求和“使命”驱动。国家产业发展战略选择也具有某种相似之处,也总是基于一定的理性基础,而这种理性不仅仅以纯理性判断为准则,而且必然含有强烈的越理性因素,包括民族的、伦理的以及各种人文的价值观准则。因此,可行的产业发展战略必须以科学的发展观为基础,其价值体现不仅是顺应客观规律,而且要满足于实现一定的社会合意性目标。