测算我国技术进步率及其经济增长贡献率的新方法

研究目标：更准确地估算我国的技术进步率、TFP增长率及其对经济增长的贡献率。研究方法：以经济增长理论为基础,利用AMOS软件,构建以技术进步率和人均资本增长率为潜变量的多指标多原因结构方程模型（MIMIC Model）。利用MCMC贝叶斯法估计模型参数,最后用贝叶斯插补法估算两个潜变量。研究发现：利用新方法估算出的技术进步率更加合理,新方法也显示出了技术进步与其他经济变量之间更为明确的作用机制。研究创新：首次利用结构方程模型（SEM）估算中国技术进步率。研究价值：为SEM模型在经济领域中的应用提供了规范。     

半参数变系数空间误差回归模型的估计

研究目标：克服半参数变系数回归模型中误差项可能存在的空间相关性问题。研究方法：提出一类新的半参数变系数空间误差回归模型,并构造其截面似然估计。研究发现：在小样本条件下,模型估计量具有良好的表现,其精度随着样本容量的增加而提高;应用该方法分析我国资源禀赋与地方公共品供给之间的相互关系,进一步证实了模型较强的适用性。研究创新：证明了估计量的一致性与渐近正态性,并通过蒙特卡洛模拟考察了估计方法的小样本表现。研究价值：新方法对于其他结构的半/非参数空间计量模型理论研究具有推广价值,其估计技术在经济、管理等学科中具有应用价值。     

贝叶斯估计的图像分割技术

针对图像在动态阈值选取难的问题,通过比较全局阈值和局部阈值优缺点,选用贝叶斯阈值估计和迭代加权的方法对图像进行二值化分割,建立基于贝叶斯线性回归模型对检测到的阈值进行分析,通过图像增强,建立目标与非目标区域,分别计算各个区域的先验概率,使用贝叶斯估计模型求得似然函数的极小值即为后验概率,通过此模型对125组阈值样本进行分类,对异常阈值的判断率为14.4%,选取后的阈值更为精确。本文方法,既能有效的提取目标特征,较好的去除背景,又能够保留目标图像的细节。     

面板数据的贝叶斯Lasso分位回归方法

文章讨论了含有随机效应的面板数据模型,通过引入条件Laplace先验,文章构造了一种新的贝叶斯Lasso分位回归法。与一般贝叶斯分位回归法不同的是,该方法能够更大程度的将模型中非重要解释变量系数压缩至0,从而在估计系数的同时也起到了变量选择的作用。利用积分恒等式,文章构造了一种易于实施的参数估计的切片Gibbs抽样算法。模拟结果显示,在模型含有较多变量时,新方法排除“噪声”变量的能力明显高于现有文献中其他方法。文章最后对我国各地区多个宏观经济指标的面板数据进行了建模分析,演示了新方法估计参数与挑选变量的能力。     

GARCH族的模型平均估计方法

研究目标：对模型平均方法进行理论扩展,构建GARCH族的模型平均估计量及相应权重选择准则。研究方法：蒙特卡洛模拟实验方法。研究发现：在一定条件下最小化权重准则选择的权重向量将在渐近意义上最小化真实KL偏离度;蒙特卡洛模拟结果表明,与AIC准则、BIC准则、AIC模型平均、BIC模型平均的估计结果相比较,本文提出的模型平均法具有更小的KL偏离度。研究创新：将模型平均估计方法引入条件异方差模型族中。研究价值：本文结果将为捕捉金融市场资产的时变波动性提供强有力的研究工具。     

Logistic回归的ArctanLASSO惩罚似然估计及应用

Logistic回归是计量经济学中应用最广的离散选择模型。当变量个数较多时,极大似然估计解释性较差,为此本文基于新的惩罚函数ArctanLASSO,给出Logistic回归的一种非凸惩罚似然估计进行参数估计和变量选取,并证明了估计量的n1/2相合性和Oracle性质。本文结合二阶近似处理、LLA方法和梯度下降法给出估计算法,并通过最小化BIC准则对正则化参数进行选取。模拟数据分析显示,当样本量较大时,该方法在参数估计和变量选取两个方面都优于传统的LASSO、SCAD和MCP方法,样本量较小时,该方法同样具有很大优势。实际数据分析表明,该方法很好地权衡了拟合程度和非零系数的选择,是最优的备选模型,具有重要的实际意义。     

变系数动态面板数据模型的半参数估计

本文把一般的常系数的动态面板数据模型拓广到变系数的情形。对于变系数的动态面板数据模型首先推导出模型所隐含的各种矩条件,然后利用广义矩估计的方法得到了模型中未知参数的半参数广义矩估计,最后对于我们所得到的估计的渐进性和一致性进行证明。     

基于无信息先验的分层指数模型参数在Stein损失函数下的贝叶斯估计

参数估计问题是数理统计学中研究较多的一类问题.本文是基于一个无信息先验的分层指数模型在Stein损失函数下的贝叶斯估计.首先计算分层指数模型分别在平方误差损失函数和Stein损失函数下的贝叶斯后验估计量和相应的后验期望Stein损失(PESL),并且比较二者在两个损失函数下的大小.可以看出在Stein损失函数下的贝叶斯后验期望和对应的PESL均略小于平方误差损失函数下的相应量.然后,计算分层指数模型的参数在Stein损失函数下的贝叶斯估计,并通过均方误差来评价估计量的好坏,得出后验期望估计量拟合得最好.最后通过随机数值和我国31个省市自治区的结婚数据对以上理论进行了模拟和实证,说明了该模型和方法的有效性和实用性.     

估计MS-DSGE模型脉冲响应函数的EM算法及其应用

研究目标：考察不同区制下外生冲击对中国宏观经济的非对称性效应。研究方法：引入两状态的Markov区制转换过程建立MS-DSGE模型,并基于MS-DSGE模型的Markov区制转换动态因子模型的表示提出了估计MS-DSGE模型脉冲响应函数的极大似然估计EM算法。研究发现：本文提出的估计方法具有良好的有限样本性质和收敛性,参数估计量具有渐近正态分布。实证分析发现,应持续施行扩张性政策以刺激经济稳定增长,对冲挤占效应以及稳定物价水平。尤其,当经济处于“衰退”区制时,政府应实施及时有效的调控政策刺激经济运行区制的转移。研究创新：与Bayesian分析方法比较,本文提出的估计方法避免了对数线性化MS-DSGE模型的随机奇异性以及对先验分布的设定和观测变量选取的非稳健性。研究价值：提出了一种估计MS-DSGE模型脉冲响应函数的方法。     

IASB收入确认新模型及其影响

国际财务报告准则理事会从2008年开始着手修订收入准则,并且将其作为与美国会计准则委员会的联合项目,历经五年多的酝酿,基本确定了收入确认的新模型、收入计量的新方法。本文基于收入确认新模型论述了国际会计关于收入准则的发展和影响。     

A new structural break model,with an application to Canadian inflation forecasting

This paper develops an efficient approach to modelling and forecasting time series data with an unknown number of change-points. Using a conjugate prior and conditioning on time-invariant parameters, the predictive density and the posterior distribution of the change-points have closed forms. Furthermore, the conjugate prior is modeled as hierarchical in order to exploit the information across regimes. This framework allows breaks in the variance, the regression coefficients, or both. The regime duration can be modelled as a Poisson distribution. A new, efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler draws the parameters from the posterior distribution as one block. An application to a Canadian inflation series shows the gains in forecasting precision that our model provides.     

Detections of changes in return by a wavelet smoother with conditional heteroscedastic volatility

In this paper, we propose two estimators, an integral estimator and a discretized estimator, for the wavelet coefficient of regression functions in nonparametric regression models with heteroscedastic variance. These estimators can be used to test the jumps of the regression function. The model allows for lagged-dependent variables and other mixing regressors. The asymptotic distributions of the statistics are established, and the asymptotic critical values are analytically obtained from the asymptotic distribution. We also use the test to determine consistent estimators for the locations of change points. The jump sizes and locations of change points can be consistently estimated using wavelet coefficients, and the convergency rates of these estimators are derived. We perform some Monte Carlo simulations to check the powers and sizes of the test statistics. Finally, we give practical examples in finance and economics to detect changes in stock returns and short-term interest rates using the empirical wavelet method.     

基于双自适应Lasso惩罚的随机效应分位回归模型研究

研究目标：解决随机效应分位回归模型中固定效应和随机效应系数同时估计和选择问题。研究方法：对固定效应和随机效应系数同时实施自适应Lasso惩罚,并为参数估计设计交替迭代算法。研究发现：新方法不仅对随机误差分布具有较强的稳健性,而且在不同稀疏度模型下均有着良好的表现,尤其是在高维情形时。研究创新：本文提出的方法在对模型中重要自变量进行选择的同时能够充分考虑随机效应的影响;交替迭代算法不仅有效解决了需要选择两个惩罚参数的困境,而且收敛速度快。研究价值：为实际工作者对面板数据和纵向数据的分析提供了有效的建模方法。     

Time-varying sparsity in dynamic regression models

A novel Bayesian method for inference in dynamic regression models is proposed where both the values of the regression coefficients and the importance of the variables are allowed to change over time. We focus on forecasting and so the parsimony of the model is important for good performance. A prior is developed which allows the shrinkage of the regression coefficients to suitably change over time and an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo method for posterior inference is described. The new method is applied to two forecasting problems in econometrics: equity premium prediction and inflation forecasting. The results show that this method outperforms current competing Bayesian methods.     

“一带一路”沿线国家与中国的贸易发展状况研究

研究目标：探索构建灯光数据对贸易研究的可行性。研究方法：运用1995~2012年“一带一路”沿线国家的面板数据，采用普通最小二乘法、泊松伪最大似然估计方法及工具变量法，以灯光数据作为GDP的替代量，通过传统引力模型搭建桥梁。研究发现：地理距离、边界及区域协定对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家之间贸易的显著影响表明灯光数据对贸易研究的有效性；同时，对1996~2012年贸易趋势的预测与实际贸易的对比结果显示，以灯光数据预测的“一带一路”贸易趋势与实际贸易基本吻合。研究创新：首次将夜间灯光数据应用于引力模型研究，对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家的贸易发展状况进行分析。研究价值：开拓夜间灯光数据研究贸易的先河，并结合引力模型的最新发展及微观基础思考拓展性的相关研究。     

一种增强型指数追踪模型设计及应用

研究目标：构建了可以调节追踪误差和超额收益的增强型指数追踪模型,并给出了广义最小角度回归算法（GLARS）,用以计算调节参数作用下模型解的折中路径。研究方法：通过模拟数据和五组世界主要股票市场指数的历史数据,对本文提出的模型和算法与同类模型和算法进行了性能比较;同时追踪上证50指数构建若干稀疏且稳定的资产组合模型,通过信息比率等指标对投资组合进行评价。研究发现：本文构建的模型可用以构造权衡追踪效果和超额收益,且稀疏的资产组合,GLARS算法相对传统预设参数的算法具有良好的求解能力和计算速度。研究创新：引入调节参数平衡追踪效果和超额收益,并针对中国股票市场的特点,在增强型指数追踪模型施加非负约束;GLARS算法可遍历所有折中意义下的最优解。研究价值：本文提出的增强型指数追踪模型在国内具有较强适用性,在保证资产稀疏性的前提下可以得到超额收益,同时丰富了目前投资组合中的方法论研究。     

Model selection criteria in multivariate models with multiple structural changes

This paper considers the issue of selecting the number of regressors and the number of structural breaks in multivariate regression models in the possible presence of multiple structural changes. We develop a modified Akaike information criterion (AIC), a modified Mallows’ C_p criterion and a modified Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The penalty terms in these criteria are shown to be different from the usual terms. We prove that the modified BIC consistently selects the regressors and the number of breaks whereas the modified AIC and the modified C_p criterion tend to overfit with positive probability. The finite sample performance of these criteria is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations and it turns out that our modification is successful in comparison to the classical model selection criteria and the sequential testing procedure robust to heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation.     

Poisson Regression for Clustered Data

We compare five methods for parameter estimation of a Poisson regression model for clustered data: (1) ordinary (naive) Poisson regression (OP), which ignores intracluster correlation, (2) Poisson regression with fixed cluster‐specific intercepts (FI), (3) a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach with an equi‐correlation matrix, (4) an exact generalized estimating equations (EGEE) approach with an exact covariance matrix, and (5) maximum likelihood (ML). Special attention is given to the simplest case of the Poisson regression with a cluster‐specific intercept random when the asymptotic covariance matrix is obtained in closed form. We prove that methods 1–5, except GEE, produce the same estimates of slope coefficients for balanced data (an equal number of observations in each cluster and the same vectors of covariates). All five methods lead to consistent estimates of slopes but have different efficiency for unbalanced data design. It is shown that the FI approach can be derived as a limiting case of maximum likelihood when the cluster variance increases to infinity. Exact asymptotic covariance matrices are derived for each method. In terms of asymptotic efficiency, the methods split into two groups: OP & GEE and EGEE & FI & ML. Thus, contrary to the existing practice, there is no advantage in using GEE because it is substantially outperformed by EGEE and FI. In particular, EGEE does not require integration and is easy to compute with the asymptotic variances of the slope estimates close to those of the ML.     

Wavelet analysis of change-points in a non-parametric regression with heteroscedastic variance

In this paper we develop wavelet methods for detecting and estimating jumps and cusps in the mean function of a non-parametric regression model. An important characteristic of the model considered here is that it allows for conditional heteroscedastic variance, a feature frequently encountered with economic and financial data. Wavelet analysis of change-points in this model has been considered in a limited way in a recent study by Chen et al. (2008) with a focus on jumps only. One problem with the aforementioned paper is that the test statistic developed there has an extreme value null limit distribution. The results of other studies have shown that the rate of convergence to the extreme value distribution is usually very slow, and critical values derived from this distribution tend to be much larger than the true ones. Here, we develop a new test and show that the test statistic has a convenient null limit N(0,1) distribution. This feature gives the proposed approach an appealing advantage over the existing approach. Another attractive feature of our results is that the asymptotic theory developed here holds for both jumps and cusps. Implementation of the proposed method for multiple jumps and cusps is also examined. The results from a simulation study show that the new test has excellent power and the estimators developed also yield very accurate estimates of the positions of the discontinuities.     

Structural shifts in urban population density gradients: an empirical investigation

This study investigates the structural shifts in urban population density gradients by first using the shifting regression technique of Farley, Hinich, and McGuire to detect the possible change in the structure of an urban area. Secondly, a generalized random coefficient technique is used to simultaneously detect the possible structural change and stochastic behavior of density gradients. Data for 50 United States SMSA's are used to do the empirical analyses.