影响建设项目合同不完备性的因素分析

从交易成本理论角度分析建设项目合同设计和选择逐渐成为项目研究中的重要课题。合同不完备性作为交易成本理论的关键合同分析维度,与交易属性密切相关。建设项目合同不完备性选择同样受到资产专用性、不确定性、复杂性和项目工期等交易属性的显著影响。本文在交易成本理论治理逻辑下,构建了一个简化的建设项目合同不完备性分析框架,并在此基础上探讨了影响建设项目合同不完备性选择的因素及其影响作用。     

The interplay of governance mechanisms in complex procurement projects

Although many studies have investigated governance in inter-firm relationships, little is known about the simultaneous use of several governance mechanisms in complex procurement projects and their impact on project outcomes. In a case study about a complex procurement project in the Norwegian oil and gas industry, we investigate the interplay of contractual incentives, authority and relational governance. The project faced many problems with cost overruns and schedule delays. The study clearly illustrates the interrelationships between governance mechanisms and their effect on project outcomes. The findings suggest that relational governance (trust) is only beneficial for project outcomes when it is accompanied by contractual incentives and control systems (authority). Relational governance in itself does not guarantee an effective and beneficial interplay of all three mechanisms in a way that positive project outcomes are generated.     

Separating contract from governance

This paper contends that there is an important distinction between governance structure and contractual form, and that organizational boundaries, defined by governance structures, need not explain contractual form. The basic idea is that governance refers to the general environments and instruments that structure and ‘govern’ specific terms of trade negotiated in ‘contracts’. Problems of verifiability and observability of contractual performance are hypothesized to drive the differential effects on governance structure and contractual form. Specifically, transaction cost factors known to result in employment as a general governance structure do not automatically result in contracts characterized by the payment of fixed‐wages. Instead, incentive pay and the delegation of decision‐making authority to workers may be preferred by firm owners. The paper proposes that the relationship between a firm and a worker involves a two part decision‐making framework in which one choice is the type of governance that structures the second choice regarding the specific characteristics of the contract linking the worker to the firm. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

探讨基础设施PPP项目的全生命周期的动态项目管理

当前,PPP模式不仅在我国基础设施建设中发展前景良好,同时在很多国家得到了广泛应用。相比传统的工程项目建设模式,PPP项目具有风险因素复杂和风险较大的特征,因此,PPP项目的成功会在很大程度上受动态项目管理的有效性影响。对项目管理来说,尤其是动态项目风险管理,应贯穿于PPP项目的全生命周期,而只有实现全生命周期的动态风险管理,才能使PPP模式在我国基础设施建设领域中成功利用。     

基于PPP模式工程项目融资风险管理的思考

近年来,我国的经济发展较为迅猛,呈现出繁荣的景象。在此基础上,推动项目融资风险管理的出现与成长,而PPP模式较为突出,不同于暗含经济风险的传统型风险管理,能够在一定程度上助力政府财政支出压力的降低。但是需要多加关注的是,PPP模式的工程项目融资本身就具备一定的风险因素。为此,论文着眼于实际情况,充分考虑其基本特点,提出行之有效的防患策略,为我国顺利推进PPP模式工程项目管理工作提供一定的借鉴意义。     

Strategic interdependence, governance effectiveness and supplier performance: A dyadic case study investigation and theory development

Inter-organizational exchange governance approaches are often characterized as two broad types: relational and transactional. However, in fast changing business contexts, the contextual contingencies do not present ideal conditions for practicing purely relational or transactional approach. Understanding the dynamic of key contextual factors and their effects on a firm's resource capabilities and inter-organizational power structure is crucial for identifying the appropriate governance structure over time. In this paper we explore the exchanges between an OEM and five of its strategic suppliers that operate in high-end, short product life cycle motorbike industry, to understand the key contextual factors and the relationships among business context, governance structure, and exchange practices in a dyadic context. It is observed that firms deviate from the conventional choices of either transactional or relational governance to a combination of contractual and relational aspects to make the governance structure effective. Based on case studies, a theoretical framework is proposed to explain the rationale, feasibility and effectiveness of combining contractual and relational aspects in different contexts. The framework suggests that the degree of strategic interdependence between the trading partners fundamentally drives the effectiveness of governance structure and exchange practices.     

When bigger is better: Investment volume drivers in infrastructure public-private partnership projects

This research studies the factors that favour the establishment of high-investment infrastructure public-private partnership (PPP) projects. We analyse 9121 PPPs, hosted in 107 developing countries, in the period 1997–2017. We find that PPP projects adopting contractual forms in which the private party takes more risks, awarded through competitive methods and benefitting from indirect government support programmes, are characterized by a larger investment volume. A more business-friendly economy and robust institutions configure the most conducive environment to establish larger investment PPPs. Furthermore, multilateral development banks’ support of the projects relates positively to their investment volume.     

高速公路项目PPP模式的物有所值决策研究

为大力发展PPP模式在高速公路项目领域的应用,采用物有所值评价方法分析PPP模式在该类项目中是否适用是决策阶段不可或缺的部分。通过实地项目调研及文献研究,归纳总结高速公路PPP项目的政府与社会资本合作模式,确立相应的物有所值定性评价指标体系,采用模糊综合评价法进行定性评价,结合定性评价和定量评价论证高速公路PPP项目的可行性,选取ZN高速公路PPP项目为案例论证该项目的物有所值,为我国PPP项目建设的物有所值评价提供一定借鉴意义。     

成都市廉租房建设应用PPP融资模式的风险研究

当前成都市廉租房项目建设中存在融资难问题,探析廉租房建设中引入国外基础设施建设中常用的PPP融资模式。政府通过长期合同协议邀请私营部门参与项目融资、施工和运营。对于政府来说,投资更为经济,可以将一部分风险转移给私营部门。对于私营部门来说,通过投资和管理风险获取收益。文章采用模糊综合评价法对成都市廉租房采用PPP融资存在风险进行分析,为政府廉租房融资提供一条新的思路。     

Relationship governance mechanisms and collaborative performance: A relational life-cycle perspective

Governance mechanisms protect the investments involved in transactions and thereby facilitate and promote sustainable and cooperative relationships; however, the empirical results of prior research concerning the relationship between governance mechanisms and collaborative performance are inconsistent. Based on transaction cost economy (TCE) and social exchange theory (SET), a relational life-cycle framework that considers the dynamic evolution of collaborative relationships and re-examines the relationship between governance mechanisms and collaborative performance was developed in this study. Evidence from 124 manufacturers in Taiwan indicates that the effects of governance mechanisms on collaborative performance differ according to the current life-cycle phase. In the exploration phase, contractual control exerts a positive impact on cooperative performance. In the buildup and maturity phases, relational control remains positively associated with collaborative performance, whereas the impact of contractual control is insignificant. In the decline phase, both contractual control and relational control have an insignificant impact on collaborative performance. Herein, we discuss the implications of our empirical findings and their relevance to managers.     

基于WBS-RBS法的大型基础设施PPP项目全过程风险识别研究——以南宁教育园区西片区项目为例

现阶段,随着我国城市化进程的加快,大型基础设施项目建设资金的刚性需求日益增长,PPP模式在吸引社会优势资本、解决政府资金短缺问题、加快城市建设步伐、促进公共服务质量提升等方面发挥着积极作用,但大型基础设施PPP项目全过程的风险因素比较复杂.本文结合笔者多年工作经验,基于WBS-RBS法对大型基础设施PPP项目全过程的风...     

PPP项目风险因素和承担机制研究

PPP项目成功的风险承担机制,使公共部门在PPP项目建设的前期建立更行之有效的风险承担框架.     

An economic–probabilistic model for risk analysis in technological innovation projects

This paper presents the application of an economic–probabilistic model to conduct risk analysis in technological innovation (TI) projects. The model integrates risk and economic analysis by quantifying both value and probability of occurrence of cash flow deviations, thus resulting in an economic–probabilistic analysis of the expected returns. The main risk categories and factors in TI projects are identified and associated to cash flow groups. The model allows to calculate risk-adjusted values for cash flow groups and project net present value through stochastic simulation. As a result, the model provides both the risk-adjusted project economic return with the associated probability distribution to its NPV and the variability that each risk factor generates in the project return. The model offers important benefits from the point of view of practitioners, including a condensed list of independent risk factors and the use of a monetary scale to assess risk impact which is familiar to most decision makers.     

基于市场代建制下政府投资项目内部治理机制的构建

从项目治理的角度,为市场代建制下的政府投资项目的内部治理机制设计了三个有效的机制,即决策权分配机制、激励机制和监督机制。通过这些机制的有效运作,可以有效的解决采用代建制的政府投资项目内部治理问题,提高政府投资效率。     

建设项目治理模式分类的探索性研究

建设项目治理模式分类研究是在建设项目领域内验证TCE假说的重要工作之一。鉴于有限的现有研究,本文利用治理模式云和治理模式连续体工具,探索性地建立了一个基于威廉姆森治理分析理论的三维分类模型,以期在一个统一的分析框架下分析建设项目治理模式。在此基础上,用DBB模式下的设计交易治理模式选择进行了示例分析,考察了所提出的分类概念模型的逻辑性。     

Governance of complex procurements in the oil and gas industry

This study focuses on the use of contracts and governance mechanisms for handling complex procurements involving several actors. We develop a contractual framework arguing that different combinations of incentives, authority and trust should be used to govern such procurements. The framework is applied to two complex procurement cases in the Norwegian oil and gas industry. The empirical findings show that incentives, authority and trust complement each other, and furthermore, that there is a complex interplay between the specific uses of the different mechanisms. We denote this interplay a multiplier effect. Multiplier effects have not previously been addressed in the literature, and this study contributes to our knowledge about inter-firm governance by showing that governance mechanisms affect each other. Proper use of one mechanism improves the use of other mechanisms, while inadequate use of one mechanism hampers the use of other mechanisms.     

A relational view of climate adaptation in the private sector: How do value chain interactions shape business perceptions of climate risk and adaptive behaviours?

Studies exploring climate change adaptation in the private sector have seldom investigated the effect of business network interactions on climate vulnerability and adaptation outcomes. This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework to explore how business–network dynamics affect risk perceptions and adaptive behaviours in business firms. The framework is empirically grounded in a comparative analysis of business–network dynamics from three agricultural value chains in Jamaica that are vulnerable to climate change impacts. The results illustrate how the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of value chain actors are influenced by business interdependencies and interfirm relationships. We find that the level of formality of business exchanges (contractual or noncontractual), the level of resource interdependency, and the ability to diversify access channels to critical resources can influence the propagation of climate‐related risks and influence actors' exposure and sensitivity to those risks. The study also offers evidence of the role played by bonding and bridging relational ties on adaptive capacity. The framework and findings provide a foundation for a new research agenda exploring a relational view of firm adaptation strategy in response to climate risks.     

企业互补性项目投资包资本预算模型研究

在企业前后期项目投资之间存在互补性关系时,可将具有互补性投资特点的前后期项目看作是一个投资包,构建投资包资本预算模型,从整体角度考察企业的投资决策。以净现值为决策指标,构造关联性项目未来收益现值的关联系数变量,假定该关联系数变量服从正态分布,给出互补性项目投资包的资本预算模型,以辅助企业进行多期互补性项目的投资决策。     

Structuring residual income and decision rights under internal governance: results from the Hungarian trucking industry

The paper offers a property rights and monitoring cost explanation for the allocation of residual income and decision rights between the carriers and truck drivers under internal governance. First, by applying the property rights theory, we argue that the structure of residual income rights depends on the importance of noncontractible (intangible) assets of the truck driver to generate residual surplus. The more important the truck driver's intangible knowledge assets, the more residual income rights should be transferred to him. Second, we controlled for the monitoring costs as an additional explanatory variable of the allocation of residual income rights. According to agency theory, the variable proportion of the driver's income should be higher where monitoring costs are higher. Third, we investigate the relationship between residual income and residual decision rights under internal governance. If the contractual relation is governed by an employment contract, residual decision and residual income rights may be substitutes because, under fiat, a certain incentive effect of the governance structure may result either from the allocation of high‐powered incentives or the transfer of residual decision rights to the driver. These hypotheses were tested by using data from the Hungarian trucking industry. The data provide partial support for the hypotheses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅论PPP模式下高速公路工程投资控制

随着大量PPP模式下高速公路工程项目进入实施阶段,不可避免地出现了项目总投资超估算或超概算的现象,对项目的建设与管理带来了负面影响.本文针对PPP模式下高速公路工程项目投资控制中存在的问题进行分析,并提出一些建议,希冀能对国内PPP模式下高速公路工程项目建设有所帮助.