我国境外国有资产审计业务探析

市场国际化已成为国有企业发展的常态,但由于境外国有资产在管理方式、管理水平等方面存在诸多不尽人意的地方,对其进行有效监管成为审计人员工作难点。本文针对境外国有资产存在的问题,提出审计重点及审计对策建议,以促进境外国有资产审计工作进一步发展。     

我国境外国有资产审计探析

一、境外国有资产基本概念结合国有资产管理现状和发展趋势,笔者认为,境外固有资产是一个国家或耆地区存放在其他国家或地区的拥有或者控制的各类资源。中国境外国有资产是指中华人民共和国国境之外存在的,由中国国家拥有其所有权或者控制权的有形资产和无形资产。在组织类型上,它包括中国政府驻外机构和中国国有企业事业单位的分支机构及其...     

境外审计研讨会综述

为了加强境外审计工作交流,探索境外审计路子,推动境外审计理论研究深入开展,中国审计学会和审计署境外审计司于2010年12月20日至21日在北京联合举办了境外审计研讨会。国务院相关部门、署机关部分单位和派出机构、部分地方审计机关、高等院校和中央企业内审机构的30多位代表参加了研讨会。     

境外国有资产亟待加强监管

有关资料反映,改革开放以来,我国企境外业务现有超过1000亿美元的欠款待收,且以每年150亿美元的规模递增。境外国有资产流失问题已具有普遍性,加强管理迫在眉睫。     

注册会计师审计与现代企业制度

注册会计师审计与现代企业制度广东行政学院李欣审计是随着社会资源财产所有权与其经营管理权关系的演变而产生、发展起来的。当社会资源财产所有权与其经营管理权相分离时,所有者为了维护自己的合法权益不受侵害,就必然要对经营管理者及经营管理活动施以一定形式的监督...     

公共部门注册会计师审计制度研究——基于政府财务报告审计的思考

实施公共部门注册会计师审计制度是贯彻落实政府会计改革要求、建立健全政府财务报告审计机制的重要内容,也是全面深化经济社会改革、完善国家经济监督体系、提高公共部门透明度和促进国家治理能力现代化的迫切要求。我国公共部门分布广、地位作用特殊、社会关注度高,实施公共部门注册会计师审计制度既要借鉴国际经验,更要结合中国国情大胆创新、稳步推进。在总结前期实践经验的基础上,大力推进法制建设、加快标准制定、完善实施机制、优化结果运用、强化人才培养,推动注册会计师审计有效发挥独立监督作用,并与其他审计相互协调、相互促进、形成合力。     

关于构建公共部门注册会计师审计制度的初步思考

构建公共部门注册会计师审计制度是全面深化经济社会改革、完善国家经济监督体系、促进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化以及提高公共部门透明度和公信力的迫切要求。由于体制、文化等原因,我国公共部门数量大、类型多、责任重。因此,在我国推进公共部门注册会计师审计制度建设,既要借鉴国际经验,更要结合中国国情,在总结近年来试点情况的基础上,继续推进法制建设、标准建设和人才建设,建立健全经费保障机制和审计成果运用机制,积极协调好与其他审计和评价的关系。     

试论注册会计师审计的法律责任

引起会计计师法律责任问题的原因是:欠缺完善的法律环境;市场运行机制不合理;社会公众对审计的期望过高;会计师事务体制不顺;事务所与被审计单位之间关系复杂;事务所质量控制政策与程序不完善;注册会计师职业道德低下、专业能力不足、缺乏应有的职业谨慎、审计欺诈的存在.减少注册会计师审计法律问题的相应措施是:完善相关法律法规,加强民事制裁;加强行业宣传;设立注册会计师法律责任鉴定委员会;改变审计委托方式,建立审计委员会制度;倡导建立合伙制会计师事务所;扩大和改进财务报表的披露要求;加强对上市公司和注册会计师行业的监督.会计师委员会培养良好的职业道德、保障审计的独立性,完善事务所质量内控制度;采取风险审计方法;建立同业复核制度;办理职业责任保险或提取风险基金;聘请相关的法律顾问.     

PE参与国资改革七大玩法

“国资改革”是本届政府大力推动“全面深化改革”工作的核心亮点,也是2014年中国经济体制改革工作的重中之重;迄今为止,其推进速度与涉人深度远超前几轮国企改革．颇受社会各界关注。投中研究院结合近期发生的一系列新变化,进一步挖掘梳理本轮国资改革的特点,总结PE参与其中的七大模式.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

The reform of accounting standards and audit pricing

This paper focuses on the reform of accounting standards in China in 2007 and investigates its impact on equilibrium pricing in the audit market. We find that the concentration of the audit market and the probability of issuing modified audit opinions do not significantly change, but that audit fees increase significantly after the adoption of the new accounting standards in China. Deeper analysis suggests that (1) the implementation of the new IFRS-based Chinese Accounting Standards (CASs) has increased the market risk faced by listed firms and thus auditors’ expected audit risk, causing an increase in audit fees, and (2) the degree of the increase in audit fees is positively related to the adjusted difference between net income according to the old CAS before 2007 and the new CAS after 2007. We thus conclude that the reform has had a significant impact on audit pricing in China.     

国有银行改革中设置金股的国际经验及其启示

四大国有商业银行(以下简称"四大行")股改试点正在紧锣密鼓地进行,受到了国内外的广泛关注.股改的根本是建立规范.高效的公司治理结构,能否引进合格的战略投资者事关改革成败.银监会等管理部门多次表示欢迎境外战略投资者参与,金股(goldenshrc):作为吸引境外战略投资者的一种机制也进入了学术讨论的视野.本文在分析国外经验的基础上,探讨在四大行改革中设置金股的可行性.     

Adjustment costs of institutional tax changes from the audit pricing perspective: Empirical evidence from the VAT reform

Institutional changes inevitably impose adjustment costs on firms while also generating benefits. However, empirical evidence regarding the adjustment costs of institutional changes is limited, with much of the focus centered on benefits. Using data on China’s A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2018 and the nation’s staggered adoption of the “business tax to value-added tax reform” (hereafter, “VAT reform”) as a natural experiment, we examine the impact of this reform on a particular corporate cost: audit fees. We find audit fees to be 8.11% higher for VAT reform firms than for non-VAT reform firms. This difference does not exist before or after the reform year. That is, it is only observed in the year of VAT reform implementation. This indicates the existence of an adjustment cost specifically related to the VAT reform. Furthermore, we observe larger fee increases among firms audited by Big 4 international audit firms, firms that require more audit work, firms that are more complex, and firms with weak internal controls. From the audit pricing perspective, we provide evidence of the economic consequences of tax reform. The corporate adjustment costs that arise from institutional changes deserve more attention from decision-makers.     

Factors affecting the audit of revalued non-current assets: Initial public offerings and source reliability

This study examines the impact of a proposal to issue shares to the public and the competence of the independent valuer on auditor judgments concerning asset revaluations. A 2 times 2 between-subjects design was used. Four classes of assets were revalued by a hypothetical port company and subjects were asked to assess the planned audit hours and the likelihood that they would accept the valuations as reasonable. Results indicated that auditors would plan to spend longer on the audit of revalued assets when the client proposed to make a share issue and also when the competence of the valuer was lower. They were also less likely to accept the valuations as reasonable in these cases. However, the results suggested that concern with some aspects of the valuation can override sensitivity to the competence of the valuer.     

会计准则变更与资产减值计提行为分析

本文以2007年1月1日开始实施的新会计准则为研究背景,分析资产减值准则对资产减值计提行为的影响。结果发现:减值前亏损的公司会以转回资产减值进行盈余管理来避免亏损,减值前亏损且无法以转回资产减值避免亏损的公司会以计提资产减值从事大洗澡行为,为下一年盈利做准备;新会计准则的实施并不能有效遏制上市公司的扭亏盈余管理行为,但能够遏制上市公司的大洗澡盈余管理行为。     

Sectoral analysis of foreign direct investment and growth in the developed countries

Empirical studies on foreign direct investment (FDI) and growth in developed countries have yielded conflicting results using cross-country regressions. We use sectoral data for a group of six country members of the OECD. Our paper is the first to identify the sector-specific impact of FDI on growth in the developed countries. Our results show that FDI has positive, or no statistically discernible, effect on economic growth directly and through its interaction with labor. Moreover, we find the effects seem to be very different across countries and economic sectors.     

Diversification by the audit offices in the US and its impact on audit quality

Audit offices in the US exhibit a wide variation in the number of industries they service. Strategic management theory suggests that diversification can affect the quality of output, depending on the nature and circumstances of diversification. This paper examines the effect of diversification at the audit office level on audit quality. Five proxies of audit quality are examined, mainly, absolute discretionary accruals, propensity to meet-or-beat earnings expectations by a cent, propensity to restate financial statements, propensity to receive a comment letter after an SEC review and propensity to issue a going concern opinion. Results suggest that diversification has detrimental effects on audit quality. On the other hand, when the diversification is part of the audit firm level strategy, the detrimental effects on audit quality are dampened. Moreover, when the diversification at the office level is part of a revenue expansion strategy, the audit quality is adversely affected. However, there is no detrimental effect on the audit quality when revenue expansion is not the objective. Also, diversification across dissimilar industries leads to more adverse effect on audit quality than diversification to similar industries. Results also suggest that when the audit office is located in a market with more (less) diversified client base, the adverse effects of diversification on audit quality are weaker (stronger). Finally, the offices of big-4 audit firms handle diversification better with less adverse effect on audit quality. The findings are important since they identify additional factors that explain audit quality at the audit office level.     

非信贷风险资产管理系统的设计与实现

非信贷风险资产是商业银行财务包袱的主要构成部分。为了有效管理这些资产,全面掌握本行非信贷资产的信息,夯实财务基础,尽快清收、消化财务包袱,做好账销案存资产管理工作,2004年,我们着手开发了非信贷风险资产管理系统。本系统以全行非信贷风险资产和相关债权债务关系为管理核心,建立非信贷风险资产信息库、账销案存信息库和债务人信息库。本系统按照非信贷风险资产管理的要求,整合了新增入账、申请核销、账销案存、计划管理等业务流程,建立了卡片管理、信息查询、报表统计分析、权限管理等一整套管理功能模块,实现了对非信贷风险资产的实…