旅游可持续发展的视角:旅游生态效率的一个综述

旅游业对环境的影响使得旅游可持续发展受到全世界的关注,并积累了丰富的研究成果,但从旅游生态效率视角探讨旅游可持续发展的文献还不多见.文章通过梳理生态效率概念的提出及其与可持续发展的关系,认为生态效率是对可持续发展的有效测度.在回顾旅游生态效率研究现状的基础上,发现既有研究成果主要集中在两个方面:第一,旅游生态效率的测度与评价;第二,旅游生态效率在目的地管理当中的应用.基于以上研究现状,文章从旅游生态效率的概念、研究领域、研究方法与研究时间段4个角度对既有成果进行了总结,并认为目前旅游生态效率研究的特征与趋势表现为4个方面:(1)旅游业碳排放估算对旅游生态效率的测度至关重要;(2)旅游生态效率测度方法较为单一;(3)旅游生态效率影响因素是目前研究的空白点;(4)数据包络法、随机前沿法等的应用将使旅游生态效率的研究更为深入.     

Towards Sustainable Tourism Development and Planning in New Zealand: The Public Sector Response Revisited

This paper reports the findings of a monitoring survey of the extent to which principles of sustainability embodied in New Zealand's Resource Management Act have been addressed by public-sector planners dealing with tourism. The survey extends the earlier research by Dymond (1997) and Page and Thorn (1997) on public-sector planning responses to tourism and sustainability in New Zealand. The study shows that many of the issues raised by these authors have not been addressed, and that the scale and pace of change in tourism is such that planners have seen an escalation of resource consent applications.     

信息科学与旅游的交叉研究:系统综述

信息科学与旅游的交叉研究是探索旅游问题、规律及原理的新思路与方法。为了系统地概括信息科学与旅游的交叉研究现状和最新进展,采用系统综述(systematicreview)方法对该交叉领域最近12年的主要研究进行了归纳和分析。该系统综述回答了如下3个问题:①信息科学研究中面向旅游的研究主要有哪些方面;②旅游研究中与信息科学相关的研究主要有哪些方面;③信息科学与旅游的交叉研究有哪些趋势。     

儿童旅游研究综述

旅游从一开始便一直与教育相关.在当代社会,为儿童提供可供选择的旅游体验波视为一种良好教养的象征.虽然业界已认识到儿童市场的重要性,并采取了积极的方法来开发产品和服务去吸引这个细分市场,但是学术研究仍显得相当不够.文章对儿童旅游研究进行了回顾,从不同角度对儿童旅游研究进行评论,并揭示现有研究中儿童主要是作为被动的而不是主动的研究对象.最后,从理论和方法的角度对未来研究提出建议.     

Consumerism in Sustainable Tourism: A Survey of UK Consumers

This article presents the results of a survey of tourism consumers from the Destinations Travel Show in the UK in 2000. Four hundred and eleven tourism consumers were interviewed over four days at the show on the type of information that they used in the selection of their holiday destination. This article posits that the power of the consumer can be a major force for progress towards greater sustainability by the tourism industry, acting as a rationale for change, which is often missing from more traditional planning, management or regulatory techniques. The research shows consumers are already making decisions based on environmental, social and economic quality for day-to-day products and are keen to transfer these habits to the purchase of tourism products. Recommendations are made, highlighting the need for the tourism industry to capitalise on this demand for a wider range of product information and so promote moves towards greater levels of sustainability in the industry.     

可持续旅游开发多中心管理模式研究——以湖泊旅游为例

旅游开发必须建立在科学的管理模式下,才能确保资源环境的可持续利用.而作为常见的旅游开发形式,湖泊旅游具有较强的环境敏感性和生态脆弱性.本文以此为着眼点,系统论述了可持续目标下的旅游开发过程中的多中心管理模式,阐明了各行为主体的职能与关联,并就我国当前湖泊旅游开发管理的若干关键问题提出了建议和对策,尤其深入地针对一些流行观点进行了再认识.     

A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism

Based on an extensive literature review, this paper proposes a framework of approaches to sustainable tourism. The framework is composed of four positions, chronologically sequenced according to the dominant understanding of sustainable tourism as a possession or goal. The positions are those of polar opposites, continuum, movement and convergence. The framework offers insights into the development of the sustainable tourism concept and enables identification of an author's approach to the concept.     

旅游信息科学：一个研究框架

信息和人类的实践活动紧密联系在一起。21世纪是信息社会,信息需求的不断增加和信息技术的快速发展推动了信息科学的全面建设。旅游业是一个综合性极强、信息依存度极高的产业,信息技术已经渗透到旅游活动的各个层面,给现代旅游活动和旅游研究带来了全方位的影响,旅游信息科学的创建和发展已刻不容缓。文章在深入分析信息、信息科学相关概念和理论的基础上,探讨了旅游系统和旅游信息科学之间的关系,提出了旅游信息及旅游信息科学的概念,阐述了旅游信息科学的学科体系（理论、方法论和技术体系）,构建了研究对象、研究领域、研究主题和研究目标的四维旅游信息科学研究框架（ODTG研究框架）,并结合旅游业以及旅游研究的发展趋势,指出了旅游信息科学的未来研究重点。     

Indicators of Sustainable Tourism in New Zealand: A Local Government Perspective

The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) established a set of core indicators of sustainable tourism in 1995, which were promoted as a useful tool in the operationalisation of sustainable tourism development. Local authorities provide an established framework within which to operationalise the WTO's core indicators of sustainable tourism. This paper examines the extent to which sustainable tourism is reflected in the research practices and attitudes of local authorities within New Zealand. A nationwide survey investigated the importance of tourism, the current status of research and the perceived value of the WTO's core indicators of sustainable tourism within the New Zealand local authority framework (regional councils, territorial local authorities and regional tourism organisations). The importance of tourism within local authority areas was positively correlated with the number of different research activities undertaken.Two main types of research were identified: demand-related and supply-related research. Demand -related research is undertaken within the majority of local authority areas throughout New Zealand. However, supply-related research is under-represented. The WTO's core indicators were generically grouped into economic, planning, social and ecological indicator types. Regional councils showed a preference towards ecological indicators. Territorial local authorities and regional tourism organisations preferred economic and social indicators. The detailed implications are discussed.     

旅游减贫效应之辩 ——一个文献综述

PPT(pro-poor tourism,有利于贫困者的旅游)理念的提出和推行建立了旅游与贫困之间的直接联系,激发了学界对旅游发展与贫困减缓关系的广泛讨论.国内外学者在旅游减贫效应这一问题上产生了无休止的争议",旅游发展减缓了贫困""旅游发展加剧了贫困"和"旅游发展与贫困减缓无必然联系"三种观点同时存在.在相关文献的基础上,文章系统梳理了旅游减贫效应的产生机制及支持不同观点的经验证据,并对争议的形成原因进行了剖析.结果表明,贫困度量方法不统一、空间尺度和研究方法不同、发展环境及模式选择存在差异等因素造成研究结论的不一致,综合各方面而言",旅游发展减缓了贫困"这一结论更为合理.最后,对未来的相关研究进行了展望.     

Interpretation and Sustainable Tourism: The Potential and the Pitfalls

From the outset, proponents of sustainable tourism have, consciously or not, set great store by interpretation, and gradually the linkages between sustainable tourism and interpretation have begun to be developed. This discussion examines the potential benefits of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism and assesses a number of the pitfalls or difficulties which are involved. The potential benefits include improved visitor management, local economic and environmental gains and fuller community involvement. Among the several pitfalls of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism which are considered are the dangers of over-interpretation, intrusion, creating ‘quaint’ tourist landscapes, and those of elitism.     

Transitions to Sustainable Tourism Mobility: The Social Practices Approach

In this article, we argue that current research on sustainable tourism mobility can be divided roughly into two streams. One covers primarily the organisational and technological side of tourism mobility, while the other concentrates on travellers' attitudes. To date, these streams have been organised as separate bodies of research. There is much to be gained by being able to create linkages between the two. To do this, tourism research will have to develop a less generalised and more context-specific approach to travelling behaviour. In this paper, the Social Practices Approach is suggested as an interesting conceptual tool to interrelate current approaches. By giving greater consideration to the contextual dimension of tourism practices, citizen-consumers might be mobilised more effectively as change agents. To analyse the potential roles of citizen-consumers in transition processes towards sustainable tourism mobility, two citizen-consumer-led change processes are differentiated. The first is directed at tourists in their consumer-role, by providers developing sociotechnical innovations enabling and tempting tourists to behave more sustainably, and by incorporating consumer-logics in supply. Second, tourists can be mobilised in their role as citizen-consumers through processes of sub-politics, social movements and political consumerism.     

GIS Applications in Tourism Marketing: Current Uses,an Experimental Application and Future Prospects

Abstract

The paper begins with a brief introduction to the technology of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a review of current literature in the field of tourism based GIS (T-GIS). This is followed by a discussion of the theoretical possibilities of using T-GIS for traditional marketing purposes and a review of the related literature. The use of T-GIS for marketing is then considered both from the demand and supply sides. The second half of the paper provides a detailed account of the use of the Internet to incorporate GIS-based models and graphics as a marketing tool for the Alberta Ski Resort industry. Further developments and prospects using this technology are also described.     

孔子旅游思想:研究述评与再审视

目前学术界对孔子旅游思想的研究涉及到孔子旅游活动的分类,远游观和近游观,提倡听乐观礼的文化之游和体山悟水的自然之游,反对佚游等旅游态度,以及山水比德的旅游审美观等,并认为孔子的旅游思想是功利性的。本文在评述前人成果基础上,指出研究中存在对“旅游”内涵界定不明确,对旅游行为分类不合理,论证中的牵强附会之风,以及比德观的简单化认识等问题,并对孔子“比德”的旅游审美观进行了再审视,认为对孔子的旅游观做功利与否的断定是不切实际和没有意义的。