河北省中小企业集群创新能力动态评价

集群创新是中小企业集群竞争力的重要来源,集群创新能力是支撑中小企业集群持续发展的重要力量。中小企业集群创新对提高区域竞争能力、促进区域产业结构升级至关重要。河北省中小企业集群发展起步较晚,中小企业集群创新优势有待加强。本文运用因子分析法对河北省中小企业集群创新能力进行动态评价研究,并有针对性地给出提高河北省中小企业集群创新能力的对策。     

产业集群协同创新公共服务平台系统构建

协同创新是产业集群技术创新的主要形式。公共服务平台是集群内外创新资源共享和互动的基础,是推动集群创新协同和技术成果转化的重要保障。本文在对协同创新理论的文献研究和对珠三角代表性1 0大产业集群案例研究的基础上,构建协同创新公共服务平台的系统体系,以期推动集群协同创新能力提升和产业转型升级。     

基于专业市场功能创新的中小企业集群转型升级模式构建

依托于专业市场形成的中小企业集群面临转型升级的现实课题.基于中小企业集群内单个企业转型升级面临资源约束、营销弱势等困难,提出集群转型升级的两种模式,并构建了基于专业市场功能创新的中小企业集群转型升级的运行模式.     

企业集群协同创新机制研究

实现集群企业与大学及研究机构之间的技术协作与协同创新,是培育集群创新能力,实现由生产型向创新型集群转型的有效途径。本文构建了企业集群协同创新的理论框架,对集群协同创新的内在机理和实现机制进行了分析,在此基础上,构建了实现企业集群协同创新的对策与建议。     

产业集群——中小企业的有效组织形式

产业集群是介于科层组织和市场之间的一种中间性组织。本文通过分析中小企业的优劣势,指出产业集群是提高中小企业创新能力进而提高竞争力的一个有效组织形式。在产业集群中,利用集群特有的创新网络,加快中小企业创新能力提高,实现繁荣发展。     

高新技术中小企业集群与区域创新网络的形成

区域创新网络是指在一定的地理区间内,以创新为核心的、以横向联系为主的、多元化、开放的创新系统。高新技术企业中小企业集群的区域创新网络,是指在一定区域内,高新技术中小企业之间通过长期合作形成的以提高创新能力为核心目的的联系网络。笔者通过研究高新技术中小企业集群与区域创新网络形成之间的关系,指出了提高高新技术中小企业核心竞争力及区域整体竞争力的途径。     

医药产业园区协同创新作用分析

医药产业园区集群创新系统是一个复杂的系统,其集聚了大量的创新资源及四大协同创新主体,并通过相互之间的协同创新作用,提高园区的集群创新能力,促进集群创新发展。在相关理论的基础上对四大协同创新主体之间的协同作用进行了分析。     

江苏中小企业创新能力的提升与高职院校人才培养研究

中小企业是江苏新一轮"聚力创新聚焦富民高水平全面建成小康社会"的重要推手,企业创新能力是一个复杂的系统,从内部外部两方面共同努力,推进各个子因素在相互作用、相互制约中发生关联,提升中小企业的创新能力。创新培养高职人才,通过机构设置、专业建设、课程建设等途径来协同提升中小企业的创新能力。     

基于集群网络的中小企业探索性创新行为的影响因素

创新是企业生存和发展的灵魂。随着市场环境的迅速变化,中小企业必需依赖于集群网络的创新发展和借助于集群网络进行探索性创新才能实现自身生存与发展的目标。本文从集群网络内中小企业自身、集群企业网络和集群支持网络三个方面,对中小企业探索性创新行为的影响因素进行了分析。     

基于CAS理论的产业集群协同创新动力机制构建

创新是产业集群竞争优势的重要来源,本文从产业集群协同创新动力机制的内涵入手,运用复杂适应系统(简称CAS)理论对产业集群创新活动进行特征分析,基于CAS理论的"刺激-反应"模型构建了集群协同创新的动力机制,并从动力因素的角度以及企业、集群和政府三个层面对促进产业集群创新提出了改进策略。     

论虚拟中小企业集群及其实现形式

虚拟中小企业集群这一概念,从字面上看有两层含义:一是“虚拟企业”的集群,二是传统中小企业的“虚拟集群”。但本文的命题对这二者在本质上不做区分。本文分析了虚拟中小企业集群与传统中小企业集群的区别与联系,概括了其八个方面的特征;从空间载体、成员构成和成员之间的联系三个方面提出了虚拟中小企业集群的一般框架,并概述了其实现形式。     

中小企业集群协同管理形成机制研究

近年来,企业集群使中小企业获取了规模经济的效益。虽然中小企业企业集群已获得了很大发展,但仍然存在很多的问题,从而导致企业集群的不稳定或脆弱性,影响企业集群的持续协调发展。针对这一问题,中小企业集群必须形成有效的协同才能进一步发挥集群的竞争优势。中小企业的协同管理离不开完善的协同管理机制,研究中小企业集群协同管理形成的过程,分析集群协同形成的机制,将有利于促进协同的生成和发展进化。     

How Can SMEs in a Cluster Respond to Global Demands for Corporate Responsibility?

This article argues why and how a participatory approach to implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a cluster would be beneficial for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) who are members of the NCE – Subsea cluster in Bergen, Norway. The political and strategic reasons as well as internal motivation for SMEs to incorporate CSR into their business strategies are discussed with support from relevant literature. Furthermore, we offer a discussion on the characteristics of different approaches to incorporating CSR as part of business strategy and provide examples from the Norwegian context. As part of this discussion, we look into some of the clusters in Europe which have adopted a systematic approach to implement CSR as part of their agenda. We propose a means to undertake CSR as part of the cluster through a network model to address the limitations faced by the SMEs when they try to implement CSR individually. A network model (cluster approach) to CSR will motivate the uptake of CSR among SMEs when the network (cluster) is characterized by close geographical proximity and operates in the same sector. The uptake of CSR as part of the network (cluster) agenda can also lead to innovation through cooperation and competition. The particular challenges faced by the SMEs in implementing and sustaining CSR can be also minimized by being part of a network (cluster).     

我国传统特色农业集群区域品牌形成机理研究：理论构建与实证分析--以新疆吐鲁番葡萄集群为例

本文从地理维度、经济维度和社会维度视角探究我国传统特色农业集群区域品牌形成的关键影响因素,构建特色农业集群区域品牌形成机理的理论模型,实地调研新疆吐鲁番葡萄产业集群的典型地区,利用结构方程模型（ SEM）对特色农业集群区域品牌形成机理模型进行验证。研究结果表明,影响特色农业集群区域品牌形成的基础因素是地理资源禀赋和政府支持,核心驱动力是区域文化和供应链品牌协作。我国传统特色农业集群区域品牌创建由“资源优势”向“效率优势”和“品牌创新优势”转化,有赖于政府制度创新、集群供应链品牌协同及区域公用品牌与企业品牌的融合发展。     

“You Can't Make a Good Wine without a Few Beers”: Gatekeepers and knowledge flow in industrial districts

Knowledge sharing sometimes plays a key role in the performance of clustered organizations, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), however, SMEs also face significant knowledge-related disadvantages due to their lack of absorptive capacity and functional expertise. This study investigates the influence of technical specialists on knowledge flow in a wine cluster in Australia. The main contribution of this paper is a finding that the technical specialist's gatekeeping role both links clustered SMEs to the global wine “systemworld” by transferring knowledge of technical developments and innovation, and simultaneously develops and refines regional winemaking styles by sharing locally specific, experientially derived knowledge. Technical specialists drew on bridging and bonding social capital to identify and retrieve specialist knowledge, and were capable of assimilating complex technical knowledge into the cluster. These findings are particularly significant because recipients were typically small and micro-firms, which are frequently located outside cluster knowledge-network.     

Analysis of SMEs partner proximity preferences for process innovation

This paper explores small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) proximity preferences when selecting partners for collaborative process innovation. Drawing on a survey of 362 Danish SMEs, we address four partner proximity characteristics: geographic, cognitive, organizational, and social. The results show that SMEs prioritize geographic openness over regional clustering. Furthermore, to simultaneously facilitate collaboration and ensure innovation, firms tend to collaborate with partners that are characterized by cognitive similarity at a technological level and knowledge distance at a market level. Technological proximity is also found to be more relevant than social proximity when it comes to bridging the potential geographic and market distance between the collaborative partners. Finally, the results indicate that the tendency of organizational proximity to facilitate informal interactions with partners enhances process innovation only at two of four process innovation levels. Thus, the results highlight the fact that the value of partner proximity characteristics change with the level of process innovation considered.     

Cluster-Based Advantages in the Innovation Process: The Diffusion of Nanotechnology in Two Chinese Cities

Researchers have shown that “cluster” is a more useful unit of analysis than “nation” in innovation studies. Clusters are characterized by interconnected organizations, shared resources and frequent knowledge flows. Within national boundaries, multiple clusters with different relative advantages may coexist, and exhibit very different innovation patterns. Yet, in studies of innovation in emerging economies, there remains little attention on cluster-based advantages, and how these advantages generate distinct patterns of innovation. To bridge this gap, this study analyzes the diffusion patterns of nanotechnology in two Chinese clusters—Beijing and Shanghai. With different relative advantages, the diffusion of nanotechnology has been oriented by different levels of “imitation” and “innovation” forces in the two Chinese clusters. This study applies the Bass Model to quantify imitation and innovation forces, and compare the resultant diffusion patterns of nanotechnology in the two clusters with other technologies. Supplementary qualitative data is also provided to show how Chinese scientists perceive their relative advantages in different clusters. Among other things, the findings suggest that scientists of emerging economies favor the learning-by-doing principle while utilizing external networks.     

Tie the Ties: The Significance of the Binding Networks in SMEs’ Internationalization Process

This research examines the obstacles for small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) internationalization and the roles of networks in SMEs’ internationalization process. It finds that the key obstacles for SMEs internationalization are lack of market insights, lack of knowledge and skills necessary for internationalization, and lack of skilled labor. In Thailand, personal networking has played the most prominent role in the early stage of SMEs’ internationalization. Trust is reported to be the critical component for a long lasting relationship in the network. “Friendship” is viewed as the ultimate level of relationship in the trusted network.     

Entrepreneurial orientation,entrepreneurial competencies,innovation, and performances in SMEs of Pakistan: Moderating role of social ties

The current study examines the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies in entrepreneurial orientation’s relationship with financial, social, and environmental performance. This research also determines the role of social ties in strengthening the association between innovation and entrepreneurial competencies with social, financial, and environmental performance. Using multi-source and time-lagged studies, the data was collected from 297 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan, and structural equation modeling was used to test direct, indirect, and moderating hypotheses. The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competencies, and innovation positively correlate with all the types of performance under investigation and confirm the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies. Additionally, social network ties strengthen innovation—financial performance, and entrepreneurial competencies—social performance relationship. This research proposes significant theoretical and managerial implications by determining the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs in Pakistan.     

Editorial

This article explores how playing games can be used to teach intangible social interaction across boundaries, in particular within open collaborative innovation. We present an exploratory case study of how students learned from playing a board game in a graduate course of the international and interdisciplinary Innovation and Business master's program in Denmark. We identify several important themes related to the process of learning through playing and the social dynamics of open collaborative innovation, while we also highlight possible caveats of “playing” and practicing open innovation. Our findings imply several opportunities and challenges within education and beyond.