循环经济的技术经济范式与政策研究

本文对循环经济技术经济范式的概念进行了定义，对其经济学特征进行了分析，并在此基础上指出，发展循环经济必须进行技术经济范式创新。通过对循环经济内涵的分析，提出了循环经济技术体系是传统技术范式的纵向延伸和横向拓展的观点，据此探讨了循环经济技术创新的内容。在对循环经济技术体系研究的基础上，提出了把循环经济技术开发与高技术研究开发一样纳入国家科技发展战略的观点，探讨了促进循环经济技术创新政策体系。     

The dialectics of human resource management in Cuba

Dialectical theory is applied to the examination of how institutional and organizational level changes are leading to a new human resource management (HRM) paradigm in Cuba. The paper starts with a general overview of economy and enterprise in Cuba, which serves to expose the nature of the pressures and contradictions facing managers and organizations in this country. Based on a focus group study, an analysis of the process of change in the HRM paradigm as perceived by a sample of Cuban managers is presented. The emerging dialectical paradigm is to a great extent influenced by the institutional context, namely by the control of the state. The state's role in the protection of the communist principles, combined with the need to open the economy to the logic of the market, is constituting a singular case in the world of management in general and of HRM in particular: that of a communist country with an increasingly market-based economy, where the socialist cadre is simultaneously becoming a market-oriented HR manager.     

现代企业的终结与后现代企业的兴起--在IFSAM第七届世界管理大会上的主题报告

在后现代社会背景下,现代企业的终结以及后现代企业的兴起是历史的必然。后现代企业范式是建立在现代企业范式基础之上的一次革命,其意义堪比库恩所说的“科学范式的革命”。后现代企业的兴起必将催生后现代管理,整合后现代企业与管理理论实乃当代管理学科建设的突破之道。     

Managing knowledge assets under conditions of radical change: The case of the pharmaceutical industry

There is no industry where firms link their search for competitive advantage more closely to intellectual property (IP) than those in the pharmaceutical industry. Yet a major paradigm change is occurring in this industry. New technological developments are increasingly being driven by advances in biology, nanotechnology, and the computational sciences. In this paper, we investigate how this radical change in the investigation, discovery, and manufacture of pharmaceuticals has affected intellectual property management practices.Large pharmaceutical firms, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and public institutional knowledge generators have recently started to respond by developing new IP management techniques born from the use of consortia to manage the complexities of knowledge generation. Hence, we leverage innovation and knowledge management literature, and use the innovation journey and case study methodologies to investigate both traditional pharmaceutical IP practices as well as emerging strategies. We distil from this effort an IP model—the transition point model—designed to assist firms to effectively manage both knowledge assets and the associated intellectual property in the current paradigm.     

命题公式主析范式的自动生成系统

目前人工智能的发展已经非常迅速,而且会越来越普及到我们的生活中。人工智能的发展离不开数理逻辑,命题逻辑是数理逻辑中重要部分,本文介绍了命题公式主析取范式及主合取范式的自动生成系统的开发、设计与实现过程。     

成本分担和高校收费改革策略研究

近年来,高等教育成本与收费问题是社会关注高校的话题,随着学生收费标准的不断攀升,学费已经成为许多家庭负担重的重要原因,一些学生因付不起高昂的学费而丧失接受高等教育的机会。如何解决中国学生上大学难的问题,是我国政府和社会团体广泛讨论的问题。本文从探讨高等教育的准公共产品属性出发,运用成本分担理论,借鉴美国高等教育收费分担办法,根据我国的实际国情,提出我国高校收费改革基本策略。     

The logic of means-end analysis

The conceptual scheme of means and ends for the analysis of action in a wide sense used to be considered a basic paradigm in the social sciences. It has come under attack from various points and as a result has today lost much of its appeal and status. If some basic distinctions are introduced into the means-end concepts, then it is possible to show that the severe criticism of this conceptual scheme cannot be sustained. In a revised version means-end analysis may be a powerful tool in the hands of the social sciences.     

Some Recent Developments in Futures Hedging

The use of futures contracts as a hedging instrument has been the focus of much research. At the theoretical level, an optimal hedge strategy is traditionally based on the expected–utility maximization paradigm. A simplification of this paradigm leads to the minimum–variance criterion. Although this paradigm is quite well accepted, alternative approaches have been sought. At the empirical level, research on futures hedging has benefited from the recent developments in the econometrics literature. Much research has been done on improving the estimation of the optimal hedge ratio. As more is known about the statistical properties of financial time series, more sophisticated estimation methods are proposed. In this survey we review some recent developments in futures hedging. We delineate the theoretical underpinning of various methods and discuss the econometric implementation of the methods.     

The organizational context of human factors engineering

Human factors engineering concerns the design of equipment in accordance with the mental and physical characteristics of operators. Human factors engineers advise design engineers, but the organizational context limits their influence and restricts their perspective. The discussion of organizational context in this paper explains why military and industrial top management personnel are indifferent to good human factors design and shows how the social structure favors the choice of technologies that centralize authority and deskill operators and how it encourages unwarranted attributions of operator error. The role of equipment and system design in shaping cognitive maps and mental models is explored, and the technology-social structure paradigm is questioned.     

The peopleware paradigm

Manufacturing managements and practitioners alike are at long last realizing that the heartbeat of competitive advantage springs from peopleware, not hardware and software. But despite this heightened awareness the problem persists even among manufacturing professionals--they may talk a good game about priortizing people and quality, but all too many have precious little idea of how to go about it with constancy of purpose. This article bridges the gap and addresses the key issues in adopting the powerful new peopleware paradigm that provides the positive motivational climate for the improvement-change journey toward world-class performance through teamwork, innovation, and continuous improvement.     

城市问题及城市范式变迁

城市问题伴随城市的产生而出现,随着城市问题的产生--解决--新问题的出现,用于解决城市问题、指导城市建设的城市科学,也在不断地经历一次又一次的科学革命与范式的变迁.本文主要从世界观、城市问题、城市科学方法论的角度出发,探讨城市科学范式的变迁过程,在对旧范式进行批判的同时,对新的城市科学范式--生态城市范式的成就与问题进行了分析.     

Accounting Regulation in ASEAN: A Choice between the Global and Regional Paradigms of Harmonization

This paper analyzes accounting regulation in ASEAN countries in the context of the global and regional paradigms of accounting harmonization. It uses a comparative framework to highlight the similarities and differences in the regulatory environment of five ASEAN countries. The regional paradigm is discussed in the context of the ASEAN Federation of Accountants' efforts towards regional harmonization while the global paradigm looks at members countries' adoption of IASC standards. The paper examines forces driving global harmonization in ASEAN and discusses the economic and political conditions for regional harmonization which, unlike in the EU, do not yet exist in ASEAN. It concludes that this has led to the dominance of the global paradigm of harmonization in ASEAN countries.     

会计研究:中八股、洋八股与范式

在中国的历史上,八股文长达几百年,其影响远未完全消失,八股文的流毒是现代文风八股,需要纠正,八股文还可借鉴,古为今用。现代西式八股是会计实证研究固定文体的戏称,会计实证研究方法的优点可资借鉴,洋为中用,西式八股文的影响,需要消除。会计范式是具有典范性的标准样式。会计范式有会计工作范式、会计理论范式和会计研究范式等。会计研究范式是多样的:会计实证研究范式的完善,会计规范研究范式的回归,会计系统研究范式的实施。     

Nonprofit marketing: the key to marketing's ‘mid‐life crisis’?

This paper examines the use of marketing exchange theory in the nonprofit sector and argues that current mainstream marketing theory is ill equipped for such use. It is argued that this is due to its continued reliance on neoclassically derived assumptions of human behaviour, resulting ina dominant instrumentalist exchange paradigm. As the basis of this is individual rather than socially determined utility maximisation, achieved exclusively through the medium of exchange, it can be seen as inappropriate for application to this sector. Finally, the paper proposes that emergent, alternative nonexchange behaviours such as one‐way transfer and expressive behaviour, sit more naturally within a post‐Keynesian paradigm. It is suggested that this could be adopted by nonprofit marketing. In this sense nonprofit marketing could start to drive theory development in mainstream marketing rather than, as is too often the case, the other way round. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

以新范式思维认识和应对经济全球化格局的新变化

面对当前复杂多变的经济全球化格局,在学术范式上,以新范式思维认识和应对出现的新问题、新变化、新情况,不仅具有紧迫的现实意义,而且具有深刻的学术价值,甚至关系到人类发展的前途。在现代主流经济学的微观—宏观范式中,引入包含经济理性、价值文化和制度形态三个维度的域观范式,可以从多维度观察和认识现实,这也是经济学发展的必然方向。因此,要构建中国特色经济学体系,增加理论上的指导力和理论对实践的阐释力,应遵循微观—宏观—域观范式思维来进行研究,通过实践提炼理论,在马克思主义指引下发展中国经济学,探索进行经济学范式的重大创新。     

Self-renewal of the Japanese firm and the human resource strategy

Traditional “Japanese personnel management” that has long been considered as the key for Japan's competitive success now needs fundamental restructuring in order to meet the challenges of a stagnant economy, matured domestic market, and the rise of NICs (Newly Industrialized Countries) in international markets. The self-renewal of Japanese firms can be achieved by a paradigm shift at the corporate strategy level: from a production orientation to a product orientation. In accordance with this paradigm shift, leading Japanese firms have started reforming their Human Resource Management (HRM) function from a productivity-centered to a creativity-centered one— creative HRM. Creative HRM has three pillars: (1) the creation of the strategic vision through commitment of the employees, (2) an entrepreneurial middle management as a key strategic node, and (3) multi-dimensional personnel management. Creation and realization of the strategic vision through the active commitment of an entrepreneurial middle management is necessary for the self-renewal of the firm. “Japanese Personnel Management” that might have been overadapted to the traditional strategic paradigm is now transforming itself from a “group-centered” personnel administration to an “individual-centered” one. While Western companies have been adopting Japanese “groupism” to reconstruct their production systems, Japanese companies have started introducing Western “individualism” to encourage creative self-transformation. But no system or technique is truly effective without human commitment, and this requires a fundamental paradigm shift for Japanese firms.     

China's Approach to Social Market Economics: The Chinese variant of Market Socialism Seeks to Escape from the Difficulties of Central Command Planning

Abstract . The paradigm of a social market economy provides a rational basis for resolving structural socioeconomic changes, as presently evidenced in the People's Republic of China. China's approach to socioeconomic change, labeled as “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,” resembles a modified version of Eucken's paradigm of a social market economy.¹ The Chinese paradigm, leaning on that of Walter Eucken, provides for a “limited”free market, which not only accommodates economic growth and change, but which also makes allowance for some degree of human, especially economic freedom, and dignity. Eucken's model is based on a sound institutional and legal framework which he considered to be essential for a viable modern market economy. China's new socioeconomic program is moving the country in this direction. It takes into account people's desire for a useful and Just socioeconomic order (however defined), characterized by stable socioeconomic and political policies and by a flexible price mechanism, to enable them to live a life in dignity, free of economic deprivation.     

Four types of innovators: a conceptual and empirical study of new,technology-based companies as innovators

This article discusses and analyses different roles of new, technology-based companies as innovators. A taxonomy of four innovator types is constructed and discussed. The four innovator types are labelled as: paradigm innovators, technology innovatos, market innovators, and application innovators. When analysing an empirical sample of new, technology-based companies, paradigm innovators are found to be the result of a more extensive research work experience, to rely more on the incubator organization as growth t~asis and as provider of initial technology, and to be more active in exploiting external technolclgy sources. When comparing databases consisting of the spin-off companies of the Technical Research Center of Finland VTT, and Cambridge University, it is found that paradigm inntovators are relatively much more frequent in the Cambridge sample. This difference may be due to the more academic orientation of Cambridge University and the more practical, industry-related orientation of the Technical Research Center of Finland. This finding suggests that different types of research institutions tend to emit different spectres of innovating spin-off companies. More research is needed to confirm the results of this study.