民族企业与跨国公司竞争的模型分析

立足于我国的实际情况,分析民族企业与跨国公司之间的竞争状况,并在此基础上建立民族企业与跨国公司竞争的分部模型和整体模型及其演化模型。分部模型分为价格竞争模型、产品和成本竞争模型以及研发竞争模型;整体演化模型分为螺旋上升模型、恶性循环模型和维持现状型。通过上述模型分析为我国产业的成长提供理论支持并为民族企业的成长提出决策建议。     

Impacts of Generic and Brand Advertising in the U.S. Potato Market

Abstract

The impacts of generic and branded advertising in the U.S. fresh potato, retail frozen potato, and potato chip markets are examined under exogenous and endogenous raw potato supply. The Almost Ideal Demand System is used to estimate the demand components. The general equilibrium elasticities derived from the complete model are used in a simulation analysis to assess the cross-commodity effects of incremental increases in advertising expenditures on equilibrium prices, quantities, revenues, and profits in each sector. The endogeneity of grower supply mitigate the impacts of advertising in the raw commodity sector and in the retail sectors.     

跨国公司服务外包的解决机制研究

跨国公司专注于核心业务而将非核心业务外包,已成为一种普遍的战略选择。外包可以降低交易成本,增强企业核心竞争力,优化企业价值链。但跨国公司需要建立起有效的解决机制,才能保证外包目的的实现。作为服务外包的发包方和主要承包方,跨国公司通过管理手段、政策措施等建立起有效的服务外包发包、承包解决机制。     

欧美与日韩企业在华市场战略比较研究

近年来欧美、日本、韩国跨国公司在华发展显著,由于对市场理解和自身背景不同,这些跨国公司的经营战略思维和在华市场战略呈现出较大差异,表现在对华整体战略、投资战略、人才战略以及本土化进程等几个方面.通过比较研究欧美、日本、韩国企业在华市场经营战略的特点,进一步探讨跨国公司在华持续经营的对策.     

促进后向联系:跨国企业与当地供应商的发展

从外国子公司到本国企业的后向联系是东道国提高吸引外资效率的关键;而本国供应商的可得性、成本与质量是决定有效联系的基本要素。通过实地调研外国子公司与当地配套企业联系的具体情况,分析二者后向联系中存在的现实问题,文章提出了相应的政策建议。     

Advertising Spending and Quality for Services: The Role of Capacity

In this paper we explore the relations among advertising spending, capacity and quality for services. Data from a sample of New York City restaurants show that mid-quality restaurants spend more on advertising than either high quality or low quality ones, contradicting the usual Nelson-type prediction that advertising spending increases with quality. Also, controlling for quality, restaurants with larger capacities advertise more. We present a model of services to explain these observations. The key features of the model are: (1) capacity constraints, (2) uncertain demand, (3) the presence of both informed and uninformed consumers, and (4) a technological link between capacity and quality. We argue that for services, advertising not only informs consumers, but it also can improve capacity utilization. Given this dual role, advertising is more valuable to firms with larger capacities and higher price-cost margins. The variation of these two elements with quality determines the advertising-quality relation.     

跨国公司嵌入与地方产业集聚的互动机制研究

跨国公司嵌入与地方产业集群之间具有互动耦合关系。一方面,跨国公司作为集群主导成员,发挥着增长极和孵化器作用,可以促进地方产业集群的发展,提升区域经济竞争力;另一方面,地方产业集群的发展对跨国公司竞争优势也具有重要影响,使集群优势向跨国公司区位优势转化,可以增强跨国公司自身的核心竞争力。跨国公司的嵌入与地方产业集群良性互动可以形成系统性的循环机制。     

Evaluating the Message Strategy of U.S. Army Advertising: With Focus on Information Needs and Motivational Cues

A content analysis of 125 U.S. Army television commercials revealed that information about recruiting process and military lifestyle, the top two information needs of potential recruits, were not addressed as prominently in the commercials. The study also showed that Army commercials presented occupational motivations, which are more appropriate for potential reservists than active soldiers, more frequently than institutional motivations. The usage of information needs and motivational cues rested on a range of situational factors such as the number of wars in which the United States was engaged and the campaign's target audience. Implications for improving Army advertising were discussed.     

跨国公司内部竞合的决定因素剖析

随着子公司对资源以及知识共享程度、价值链合理化程度、共同功能整合程度等的提高,无论是以双边还是多边的方式,外国子公司之间的合作性越来越强,目的是为了追逐协同效应;与此同时,它们还为了争夺母公司的资源、公司支持、系统定位以及市场扩张而进行竞争.这种跨国公司内部的"竞合"现象的出现也进一步表明了国际市场竞争的加剧,而影响跨国公司内部竞合关系的因素很多.随着跨国公司的进一步发展,对跨国公司内部子公司间的竞合会表现出越来越复杂的形式.     

Overcoming the Barriers During Implementation and Use of the Balanced Scorecard by Multinational Companies in Brazil

ABSTRACT

Various studies on the use of the balanced scorecard (BSC) were conducted in developed countries with relatively stable environments. Nevertheless, research on the implementation and use of the BSC in the highly dynamic and complex environments of developing countries is still rare. The transfer of innovative management concepts to developing countries is a largely under-researched topic. This article examines the challenges of using the BSC in foreign MNCs in Brazil. Based on case studies, we focus on the most common barriers for the implementation and use of the BSC in Brazil and how to overcome them. Implications for researchers and practicing managers are provided.

RESUMEN. En los países desarrollados se realizaros diversos estudios sobre el uso del Scorecard Equilibrado (BSC-Balanced Scorecard), en entornos relativamente estables. No obstante, existen muy pocas investigaciones sobre la implementación y uso del BSC en entornos altamente dinámicos y complejos. La transferencia de conceptos gerenciales innovadores a los países en desarrollo, es un tema que no se ha estudiado a fondo todavía. Este artículo examina el reto inherente al uso del BSC en las empresas multinacionales en Brasil. Con base en estos estudios de caso, centralizamos nuestro interés en las barreras que enfrentadas más comúnmente para implementar y usar el BSC en Brasil, y cómo superarlas. También suministramos las implicancias que ellas tendrían para los investigadores y gerentes en ejercicio.

RESUMO. Vários estudos sobre o uso do Balanced Scorecard (BSC) foram conduzidos em países desenvolvidos e com ambientes relativamente estáveis. No entanto, pesquisa sobre a implementação e uso do BSC em ambientes altamente dinâmicos e complexos, presentes em países em desenvolvimento, é ainda bastante rara. A transferência de conceitos inovadores de gestão para países em desenvolvimento é um tema extremamente pouco pesquisado. Este artigo examina os desafios ligados ao uso do BSC em multinacionais estrangeiras no Brasil. Baseados em estudos de caso, nós direcionamos o foco para as barreiras mais comuns associadas à implementação e uso do BSC no Brasil e para as formas e maneiras de superá-las. São fornecidas implicações para pesquisadores e gestores usuários do BSC.     

跨国零售企业中国市场营运模式比较及启示

纵观跨国零售企业中国市场的营销运作,显现出创新的竞争作为和卓越的竞争成效,因而有必要关注跨国零售企业中国市场营销个性的差异,尤其需要研究其营销共性的特征,将其营销运作模式进行对比分析,提炼核心能力的基本框架,把握核心能力关键所在,探索零售企业核心能力与行业竞争态势、目标市场竞争环境、以及总体竞争趋势的关联度,寻求我国零售企业跨入国际市场参与竞争的借鉴之路。     

美日跨国公司全球R＆D网络比较及启示

在R&D全球化的背景下,以美日跨国公司全球R&D网络为研究对象,从国际R&D组织模式的选择、与海外学术机构的跨国界合作、全球人力资源战略三个方面进行比较和分析,揭示两国差异和原因,给出我国如何提高科技竞争力的启示。     

美在华跨国公司投资与跨文化冲突研究

随着中美之间国际交往的逐渐深入,国际贸易和跨国投资也越来越大,中美文化差异导致的跨文化冲突在跨国公司的运营中也越发突出。深入探究跨文化冲突的根源,有的放矢的提出解决措施和对策,已经成为跨国公司管理不可忽视的一环。本文首先介绍了美在华跨国公司投资发展概况,其次分析了美国在华跨国公司跨文化冲突的各种表现,接着探讨了美国跨国公司在华投资的发展历程和跨文化冲突产生的根本原因,最后提出了相应的建议及对策。     

Market Research and Advertising Strategy in Portuguese Agencies: Perspectives of Professionals

SUMMARY

The advertising campaign development process is frequently described in manuals and textbooks. Nevertheless, the empirical perspective gives us a better understanding of the real world. In this study, we tried to understand, to systematize, and to describe the process of research and strategy in advertising agencies. To accomplish this objective we conducted 25 in-depth interviews with advertising agency professionals in Portugal. Cross-analysis of the statements allowed us to identify 5 themes: research done by the client before providing the brief to the agency, client's brief, information gathering done by the agency, brief's discussion inside the agency, and creative brief.     

Cannot Manage without The ‚Significant Other’: Mining,Corporate Social Responsibility and Local Communities in Papua New Guinea

The increasing pressure from different facets of society exerted on multinational companies (MNCs) to become more philanthropic and claim ownership of their impacts is now becoming a standard practice. Although research in corporate social responsibility (CSR) has arguably been recent (see subsequent section), the application of activities taking a voluntary form from MNCs seem to vary reflecting a plethora of factors, particularly one obvious being the backwater local communities of developing countries where most of the natural extraction projects are located. This chapter examines views of two Papua New Guinea (PNG) local communities hosting large-scale mining operations and explains the demands arising from situational relativities, which are becoming too conspicuous for mine developers not to ignore. The research undertaken with several assertions highlights the perceived imperativeness allowing companies to integrate the CSR into the essential management pursuits of running mines in PNG. The author is grateful to the University of Western Sydney and the Oceania Development Network for seed grants which facilitated the fieldwork for this paper. On the same token, two field assistants and a colleague who aided with the statistical analysis of this work are also acknowledged. However, any failings of the paper remain the responsibility of the author.     

The Impact of the Multinational in the Development: An Ethical Challenge

Multinational enterprises have continued their increase during the last decades. What these companies do and how they do, determines not only the economic development of countries, but also their social and cultural development. This enormous power implies responsibility and new challenges.If we also take into account the role of multinational enterprises in what has been called sustainable development, we see that their importance is still more decisive.In order to guide the performances of multinational enterprises that operate in developing countries, several supranational organizations like the ILO, the OECD, the EU and the UN have elaborated some recommendations to unify criteria and to set out some minimum standards to favor an integral development of these countries. In this document we present three of those with the greatest impact and we analyze them from the approach of an ethical sustainable human development.     

Product Market Competition and Lobbying Coordination in the U.S. Mobile Telecommunications Industry

This paper empirically investigates market behavior and firms?? lobbying in a unified structural setup. In a sequential game, where firms lobby for regulation before they compete in the product market, we derive a testable measure of lobbying coordination. Applying the setting to the early U.S. cellular services industry, we find that lobbying expenditures, as measured by campaign contributions, and market conduct were consistent with a one-shot Nash equilibrium and that price caps were binding on average. Furthermore, campaign contributions from cellular firms effectively lowered the burden of the price caps and reduced production costs.     

转型时期腐败和地方政府公共投资效率的关联分析

运用寻租经济学的分析方法,本文对经济转型时期地方官员腐败和公共投资效率两者之间的内在关联进行了综合研究,结合中国情形进行简要的实证分析,指出基于转型时期有效监管制度的缺失,腐败对地方政府公共投资的规模效率、结构效率以及产出效率都产生了不同程度的负面效应.也就是说,作为带有高成本特性的一种"暗税",腐败租金的存在不仅会导致区域内私人投资偏离社会期望的适度投资率,也会人为增大区域公共投资规模、扭曲区域公共投资结构,并降低区域内公共投资的产出水平.     

The Corporate Social Responsibility of Pharmaceutical Product Recalls: An Empirical Examination of U.S. and U.K. Markets

The pressure on companies to practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained momentum in recent times as a means of sustaining competitive advantage in business. The pharmaceutical industry has been acutely affected by this trend. While pharmaceutical product recalls have become rampant and increased dramatically in recent years, no comprehensive study has been conducted to study the effects of announcements of recalls on the shareholder returns of pharmaceutical companies. As product recalls could significantly damage a company’s reputation, profitability and brand integrity, this paper investigates the effect on shareholder wealth and the extent to which the adoption of CSR practices by pharmaceutical companies in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and the United States (U.S.), the two largest markets for pharmaceutical products in the world, affected market reactions surrounding product recall announcements. The analysis of product recall announcements from 1998 to 2004 compiled from The Pharmaceutical Journal and U.S. Food and Drug Administration enforcement reports revealed marked differences in the way market participants in the two countries responded to news of product recalls. U.S. investors penalised firms according to the severity of product defects while U.K. investors were indifferent. While U.K. investors rewarded product recalls by firms which were not usually CSR-active, U.S. investors punished non-CSR active firms that performed recalls. These observations could pose strategic challenges to pharmaceutical firms operating in both countries. Jeremy Cheah is an Assistant Professor of Finance at Nottingham University Business School, Malaysia Campus. His research interests lie in the area of applied corporate finance and investment management. Wen Li Chan was an Advocate and Solicitor in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia before assuming the post of University Teacher in Information Systems and Strategy at Nottingham University Business School, Malaysia Campus. She is currently investigating the roles and implications of information on firm valuation, particularly in the area of corporate cyber-litigation and corporate social responsibility. Corinne Chieng is a Corporate Executive at Star Publications (M) Berhad, Malaysia. She has previously worked as a tax consultant at Arthur Andersen Malaysia. Her research interests include the financial implications of corporate social responsibility on the valuation of firms.     

我国企业参与奥运市场竞争的现状及对策研究

奥运赞助对企业而言有着重大的战略意义,它能为企业带来巨大的经济效益。在此背景下,我国企业纷纷通过加入奥运赞助计划进入奥运市场平台。在奥运市场平台上,赞助企业必须灵活运用营销的策略和技巧,学会驾驭大型赛事的影响过程,把握奥运营销的特性,更好地实现企业赞助奥运的目标。