地方政府投资的生态环境效应——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

运用面板数据模型对地方政府投资的生态环境效应进行分析。结果表明随着人均地方政府投资的增加,人均二氧化硫、人均工业烟尘和人均工业粉尘三类污染物排放持续下降,即这三类污染物的排放得到了有效控制,地方政府投资对生态环境的改善起到了一定的促进作用。     

昆明市经济增长与环境污染关系研究

本文采用昆明市1999-2009年经济与环境数据,建立了人均GDP与典型环境指标关系计量模型并分析了两者之间关系。结果表明:工业废水排放量、工业烟尘排放量和工业粉尘排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线都呈现"倒N"型,而工业二氧化硫的环境库兹涅茨曲线则不呈现"倒U"型曲线、"正U"型曲线、线性下降、"正N"型、"倒N"型中的任何一种。在此基础上,论文还提出昆明市经济与环境协调发展对策建议。     

科技金融政策的城市环境改善效应——基于“科技和金融结合试点”的准自然实验

基于276个地级市的面板数据，以我国2011年实施的“科技和金融结合试点”政策为准自然实验，采用双重差分法对科技金融政策的城市环境改善效应进行评估，并检验该政策在城市环境治理中的作用机制。结果表明：试点政策实施能够有效抑制城市污染物排放量，改善城市环境。从异质性分析结果来看，政策实施尤其对东部城市污染物排放量的抑制效果更为明显，西部城市的工业二氧化硫和废水排放量也得到了显著控制；另外，政策实施显著减少了一线、二线和五线城市工业二氧化硫和工业废水排放量，以及三线、四线城市的工业粉尘排放量。通过提高地区科技创新能力的有效性来引导企业减少污染物排放量是该项政策降低环境污染效应的主要作用机制。     

基于VAR模型的陕西经济增长与环境污染关系的分析

本文基于VAR模型对陕西省1990-2010年10年间的经济增长和4种污染指标间的动态关系进行了脉冲响应分析和方差分析的实证研究,结果表明经济增长和污染排放之间存在着双向动态影响机制,并且经济增长会导致污染排放呈现“倒U型”的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系,而陕西的污染物主要是伴随着煤炭化工产业而产生的工业烟尘,并且工业烟尘和二氧化硫成为制约陕西经济发展的主要污染阻碍.     

区域一体化、环境污染与社会福利

如何在区域协调发展中实现减排和社会福利的双增进已成为中国绿色高质量发展所面临的重大现实问题。本文在空间经济模型框架下探讨了区域一体化的环境和社会福利效应。基于1995-2016年中国30个省级行政区的数据,运用动态空间面板杜宾模型和广义空间二阶段最小二乘模型验证了区域一体化对环境污染和社会福利的影响。研究发现:(1)区域一体化对不同类型污染物的影响存在差异,区域一体化显著抑制了本地性污染物排放,但同时促进了全域性污染物的排放。(2)区域一体化与社会福利间呈现倒“U”形关系。在临界水平内,区域一体化有利于增进社会福利。(3)区域一体化对环境污染和社会福利的影响存在地区交互影响,即邻近地区的区域一体化促进了本地工业粉尘的排放,同时抑制了本地二氧化碳的排放,邻近地区的区域一体化有利于增进本地的社会福利。(4)区域一体化对环境污染和社会福利的影响存在显著的空间边界。本研究认为应对不同类型的污染物制定差异化环境政策,通过强化空间管理以充分利用区域一体化促进地区协同减排和增进社会福利的双重红利。     

区域一体化、环境污染与社会福利

如何在区域协调发展中实现减排和社会福利的双增进已成为中国绿色高质量发展所面临的重大现实问题。本文在空间经济模型框架下探讨了区域一体化的环境和社会福利效应。基于1995-2016年中国30个省级行政区的数据,运用动态空间面板杜宾模型和广义空间二阶段最小二乘模型验证了区域一体化对环境污染和社会福利的影响。研究发现:(1)区域一体化对不同类型污染物的影响存在差异,区域一体化显著抑制了本地性污染物排放,但同时促进了全域性污染物的排放。(2)区域一体化与社会福利间呈现倒“U”形关系。在临界水平内,区域一体化有利于增进社会福利。(3)区域一体化对环境污染和社会福利的影响存在地区交互影响,即邻近地区的区域一体化促进了本地工业粉尘的排放,同时抑制了本地二氧化碳的排放,邻近地区的区域一体化有利于增进本地的社会福利。(4)区域一体化对环境污染和社会福利的影响存在显著的空间边界。本研究认为应对不同类型的污染物制定差异化环境政策,通过强化空间管理以充分利用区域一体化促进地区协同减排和增进社会福利的双重红利。     

生产性服务业集聚与工业绿色竞争力

从工业排放绿色竞争力、工业产品绿色竞争力以及工业要素绿色竞争力三维度构建工业绿色竞争力评价体系,分析生产性服务业集聚与工业绿色竞争力之间的作用机理.基于2010—2019年省际面板数据进行实证检验,研究表明生产性服务业专业化集聚与工业绿色竞争力之间的关系在东部地区为"倒U型",在中西部地区不显著;多样化集聚与工业绿色竞争力之间存在"U型"关系,集聚达到一定程度后会产生促进作用.进一步检验表明,生产性服务业专业化集聚对工业绿色竞争力的影响存在FDI的双重门槛效应.实际利用外资额占GDP的比重跨越门槛值0.1395后,对工业绿色竞争力提升的促进作用达到最大,当增加至0.1417后,促进作用大幅下降且不显著.因此,要引导生产性服务业的合理集聚,优化FDI投资结构,因地制宜促进工业绿色竞争力提升.     

我国环境保护税开征显著改善环境质量了吗——基于地市级城市环境指标的实证分析北大核心CSSCI

准确评价《环境保护税法》的环境质量效应,将为完善我国《环境保护税法》奠定坚实基础。基于环境保护税影响环境质量的理论机制探讨,本文选取2011—2020年238个地级市环境数据,并采用断点回归和双重差分方法,实证研究环境保护税对我国环境质量的影响。结果显示:《环境保护税法》施行后城市环境质量得到明显改善,且长期政策效应优于短期;应税污染物税负提高后,环境质量明显改善;环境保护税的环境质量效应存在差异,工业二氧化硫和工业烟尘减排效应较为明显,而工业废水由于税率偏低、税目不健全等原因减排效应不显著。为此,应考虑将工业废水排放中总氮及二甲基酰胺、二英等污染物纳入征税对象,同时,提高应税水污染物税率。引申而言,我国税制改革过程中,应妥善处理税制改革和立法关系以及央地政府间合理划分和配置税权关系。     

高技术产业集聚对区域创新的影响:促进还是阻碍?

本文分析了高技术产业集聚的非线性影响,应用门槛回归模型,以高技术产业集聚水平作为门槛变量,基于2000～2017年中国30个省际的面板数据实证分析高技术产业集聚对区域技术创新的门槛效应。结果表明:在区域技术创新系统内各因素的影响下,高技术产业集聚水平对区域技术创新存在单一门槛效应,当高技术产业集聚水平(区位熵)低于0.8500时,高技术产业集聚对区域技术创新具有显著促进作用;当超过0.8500时,高技术产业集聚对区域技术创新则表现出明显的抑制作用。     

"两型社会"试验区设立对区域工业绿色发展的影响研究

基于2003-2017年长江经济带108个城市面板数据,运用广义合成控制法和倾向匹配-双重差分法,考量"两型社会"试验区设立对区域工业绿色发展的影响.结果表明:试点城市相较于非试点城市的工业废水、工业二氧化硫排放强度显著降低;人口城镇化率、第二、三产业结构占比等指标中介效应显著.鉴此,应依据区域主体功能定位,以优化产业空间布局和重塑经济地理为抓手,不断拓展长江经济带生态产业空间体系.     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original