精细化工的发展趋势以及如何发展绿色精细化工

随着社会经济的发展,各项技术都在不断的进步,化工产品的加工也逐渐朝着精细化、绿色化的方向发展,这对于化工产业的经济效益、生态效益及社会效益的提升都具有非常重要的作用,本文就精细化工发展过程中存在的问题进行简单分析,并结合绿色精细化工的发展趋势,提出相关的促进绿色精细化工发展的措施,对于化工行业的发展具有积极的作用。     

试分析炼厂重油加氢技术的应用

世界发展进入新时期之后对能源的使用和利用也进入了新的阶段,世界范围内的油品整体结构出现了极大的变化,大量机动车开始使用燃料油与化工用轻质油,对这类油的需要情况逐渐呈现上升的趋势。在传统燃油的发展中,占据比例比较大重燃料油和锅炉的方式已经不断下降,所以目前燃油的发展朝着重油轻质的趋势前进。目前国内重油加氢技术发展逐渐成熟,所以研究重油加氢技术,对炼厂技术发展具有非常现实的意义。     

绿色低碳发展 打造世界一流

中国石化绿色低碳发展迈出了可喜步伐,正加快构建资源节约型、环境友好型企业,打造绿色低碳发展新优势,朝着世界一流能源化工公司的目标迈进。     

化学工程工艺中绿色化工技术的实践应用研究

现如今,绿色发展理念已经深入人心,且被广泛应用在各行各业中。从发展的眼光来看,将绿色化工技术应用于化学工程工艺即是大势所趋,也是实现化工行业可持续发展的必然结果。文章就此展开了讨论,先是分析了绿化化工技术的内涵,然后从原料选择、催化剂选择等方面阐述了当前绿色化工技术的研发要求,最后,从清洁技术、生物技术、环境友好型产品三个方面分析了绿色化工技术在化学工程工艺中的具体应用。     

浅谈我国绿色精细化工的发展现状及关键技术

目前已成为四大基础工程之一的化学发展至今已历经百年,化工也成为世界经济的基础工业部门之一。随着化工的不断发展,其对环境的污染也日趋严重,在全社会积极倡导可持续发展的时代背景下,改革传统的化工以适应可持续发展的要求成为必由之路。本文就有关绿色精细化工的发展现状及关键技术进行探讨。     

环境友好型社会背景下的绿色化学技术应用

在我国,经济发展和环境污染之间的矛盾不断加剧,并且已经成为制约社会朝着可持续发展的重要因素。因此,积极倡导建设环境友好型社会是很有必要的。文章积极从绿色化学技术的角度进行探析,如何将绿色化学技术运用到环境污染治理过程中去,发挥化学技术在建设环境友好型社会方面的积极作用。     

高分子化工材料的用途和发展现状

随着高分子化工材料的不断研发和创新,高分子化工材料的使用范围也在不断地扩大。在新时代背景下高分子化工材料在发展中不仅要进行自身的性能、品质方面的提升,还需要进行绿色、环保、可降解方面的发展,这样才能让绿色工业的发展要求达成,让可持续发展的国家发展战略实现。因此文章就以高分子化工材料的特点、用途和发展现状为关键点展开相关的探究。     

绿色化工技术在精细化工中的应用研究

在经济社会快速发展的今天,以及生态文明建设的不断推进的过程之中,环保节能的概念深入人心,在各行各业中均有着重要的影响。人们对于化工行业的生产过程也提出了环保绿色的新要求,这也成为了绿色化工技术发展的沃土。因此,结合我国绿色精细化工持续发展,不断深入化的现状,进行绿色化工技术的深度应用,利用技术优势,为化工行业的长期稳定发展提供良好的动力。     

我国绿色精细化工的发展现状及关键技术

随着我国经济的发展与科学技术的不断进步,化工生产正在我们的生活中扮演着很重要的角色。化工企业在推进化工技术创新的过程中,"绿色与环保"已经成为重点考虑的主题,这也为我国的精细化工企业确定了绿色的发展方向。文章将会从绿色的角度出发,谈一谈精细化工的发展现状与关键技术。     

天然气化工工业应用现状、前景分析及发展建议

天然气是一种优质、清洁的绿色能源,同时也是一种非常重要的化工原料,在产量与技术经济等方面具有一定的优势。我国有着比较丰富的天然气资源,为了能够创造更多的效益,有必要加强对天然气化工工业的深入研究与开发,从而进一步改善我国能源结构,大力推动低碳经济的发展。文章重点分析了天然气化工工业的技术现状与发展趋势,并探究我国本行业存在的一些问题,并在此基础上就天然气化工的未来发展进行了全面思考。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.