国有企业改革的新模式——虚拟企业

知识经济已初露端倪,新一次管理革命正如火如荼,而虚拟企业管理模式正是适应这一发展的必然产物.身处经济全球化、网络化时代的国有企业,只有敏锐掌握市场脉搏,建立高度灵活、富有弹性的动态组织形式,适应变革时代的需求,才能在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地.虚拟企业以其全新运作机理,必将对深化我国国有企业改革产生具大的推动和促进作用.本文针对我国国有企业发展中存在的问题,阐述了虚拟企业经营的优势,探讨了我国国有企业构建虚拟企业的模式选择.     

浅析良好企业形象及其作用

所谓企业形象,是指社会公众和企业职工对企业的整体印象和总体评价,是与企业有关的个人或群体对企业的认识所形成的整体观念。就企业外部来说,企业给社会公众长期留下可以信赖的印象,企业对社会公众及整个社会的贡献为社会所肯定,这就是良好的企业形象;就企业的内部来说,企业使全体职工在工作中产生同企业荣辱与共的思想,做到每一个职工在各自的岗位上,以主人翁的姿态进行工作,人人关注企业的经营,人人重视企业的效益,人人珍视企业的信誉,这也是良好的企业形象。来自内、外两个方面的良好评价,才能构成企业良好的整体形象。一个企业只有具备…     

农业综合开发中农民的主体地位探讨

本文从理论和实践的结合上阐述了农业综合开发中为什么要确立农民的主体地位,通过对以往经验的总结说明了如何确立农民的主体地位,如何正确处理中央投入、地方财政配套和农民自筹的关系。     

The Role of Farmer's Behavioral Attitudes and Heterogeneity in Futures Contracts Usage

The relationship between farmers' behavioral attitudes and use of futures contracts is examined, taking into account non-directly observable variables and the heterogeneity of farmers. The relationships are tested on a stratified data sample of 440 farmers. Cluster analysis and covariance structure equation models are used to validate the relationships. Farmers are found not to be homogenous regarding the factors influencing their use of futures. Heterogeneity at the segment level masked important effects at the aggregate level, notably risk attitude. Furthermore, several psychological constructs for farmers related to market orientation, risk exposure, market performance and entrepreneurial behavior play important roles in their use of futures contracts.     

Flat Earth Economics: The Far-reaching Consequences of Flat Payoff Functions in Economic Decision Making

Economists tend to emphasize the optimum, but in many cases, even large deviations from optimal decisions make little difference to the payoff. This has far-reaching implications that are under-recognized, including: ( a ) decision makers often have a wide margin for error in their production planning decisions, and flexibility to pursue factors not considered in the calculation of payoffs; ( b ) optimizing techniques are sometimes of limited practical relevance for decision support; ( c ) the value of information used to refine management decisions is often low; and ( d ) the benefits of using "precision farming" technologies to adjust production input levels are often low.     

黄淮海设施蔬菜主产区农户决策效率研究

黄淮海设施蔬菜主产区是蔬菜产出量较大的地区,在中国蔬菜产业中具有重要地位。研究此地区农户决策效率并从种植规模和地域分布两个角度探索决策效率差异的成因,对设施蔬菜产业布局具有指导意义。本文首先采用超效率DEA方法,计算黄淮海设施蔬菜主产区内不同省份、不同种植规模农户决策的整体效率,并进一步分解为技术效率和规模效率;然后结合主产区内不同自然地理条件、种植品种的历史探讨不同规模种植户决策效率的差异表现和成因,通过投影分析找出低效决策单元的无效投入程度和原因。研究发现,黄淮海设施蔬菜主产区小规模农户比其他农户普遍具有较高的整体决策效率,小农户的技术效率也高于大农户,主要原因为大农户在灌溉、劳动力投入等方面资源配置效率低下。本文研究结论有助于深化对蔬菜产业适度规模经营和设施蔬菜发展规律的认识。     

The Future Role of the Farm Business Management Expert

Farm management is a task performed only by managers of farms. It is not undertaken by those who write about it, teach it, or give advice on it. (Giles and Stansfleld 1980, 187)     

Rural Farmer Productivity in the Tropics: The Nigerian Experience

The dilemma posed by the poverty and low agricultural productivity of rural farmers in tropical countries in spite of generous natural resource endowments has continuously baffled their agricultural policy makers. This paper contends that this perplexing situation has been due primarily to the omission of a crucial determinant —producer's health capital — in the usual agricultural development models applied to these countries. This contention is analyzed through a deterministic model designed to relate rural farmers' health and the quality and level of nutrition to physical work output, farm work efficiency and rural farming profitability. To account for the full effects of all nutritional variables without encountering problems of multicollinearity and model mis-specification, principal component analysis is used to transform these variables into a single proxy which is linearly independent of the original variables but which adequately represents them and retains their effects in the analysis. The results are presented in four tables and show, among other things, that there is an asymmetric response inform profits with respect to being ill vis-à-vis being healthy because of the quality of nutrition, so that rural farmers lose farm profits much faster during sickness than they can make these profits during healthy days. La pauvreté el la faible productivité agricole des paysans dans les pays tropicaux, bien que ces derniers soient riches en ressources naturelles, sont des dilemmes qui n'ont cessé de déconcerter les responsables en politique agricole. Cette communication affirme que cette situation déconcertante est causée avant tout par le fait qu'on néglige un determinant crucial (le capital que represénte la santé des producteurs) dans les schemas de d'eveloppement agricole que l'on applique à ces mèmes pays. Cette thèse est analysée au moyen d'un modè le dèterministe qui met en relation la santè des paysans, la qualité et le niveau de leur alimentation avec leur rendement physique, la productivité et la rentabililé agricoles. Pour expliquer pleinemenl tous les effets des variables nutritionnelles sans se heurter aux probfemes de multicolinearité et d'erreurs de spécification dans le modele, on utilise l'analyse des composantes principalespour transformer ces variables en un seul substitut; ce dernier est lineairement indepéndant des variables originelles, mais les représente adéquatement et maintient leurs effets dans l'analyse. Les résultats apparaissent dans quatre tableaux et montrent, entre autres, une réponse asymétrique dans les profits agricoles suivant l'ét at de santé des paysans et la qualité de leur alimentation; un paysan malade perd ses profits agricoles plus vite qu'il les acquiert quand il est bien portant.     

基于DEM的丘陵山区土地整理项目辅助决策

研究目的:借助DEM进行丘陵山区土地整理项目辅助决策,以期为丘陵山区土地整理项目的规划设计工作提供参考.研究方法:利用项目区大比例尺地形图及相关资料建立DEM,利用ARCGIS等软件,实现项目区总体规划方案,工程项目规划和工程量测算等方面的辅助决策.研究结果:采用DEM进行丘陵山区土地整理项目辅助决策方法可行且可提高工作效率、增强设计精度.研究结论:利用DEM在空间地形处理方面的优势,可为复杂地形条件下的土地整理项目提供辅助决策,有必要利用DEM和GIS软件的空间分析与处理功能,在常用GIS平台上开发一套专用于土地整理项目规划设计的工具包,从总体上提高土地整理工作科技水平.     

河南省武陟县农民贷款担保协会的调查与分析

河南省武陟县农民贷款担保协会是农村金融组织的一种创新，是农村信用社“放贷难”与农民“贷款难”博弈的结果，农民担保协会减少了农村信用社的贷款风险，也为农民发展生产解决了资金问题，为当地农村经济发展和农民增收做出了贡献。由于政府的强力推进，协会组织发展很快，但是平均每个协会为农民贷款的数量逐年下降，作用明显减弱。     

Public Attitudes toward Agrobiotechnology: The Mediating Role of Risk Perceptions on the Impact of Trust, Awareness, and Outrage

Using Fishbein's multiattribute and mediation models as conceptual frameworks, we propose that the impact of trust, awareness, sense of outrage, and socio-demographic variables on attitudes toward agrobiotechnology are mediated by risk perceptions. The proposition was validated using large survey data collected in the United States and United Kingdom. Results show that trust, sense of outrage, and socio-demographic factors play an important role in shaping public attitudes about agrobitoechnology, largely via their links to risk perceptions. Moreover, risk perceptions exert a greater effect on public attitudes toward agrobiotechnology than benefit perceptions. Finally, the attitudes of U.K. consumers were more susceptible to negative attributes when compared with U.S. consumers.     

论农民专业合作社的规范化——从合作社的真伪之辩谈起

由于伪合作社使用合作社名义获得国家对合作社的扶持会挤压真正的合作社的利益空间,因此对合作社的真伪进行辨析是一个很具现实意义的问题,现实问题折射的是合作社的学理和制度。元素在农民专业合作社现有的制度背景下,分别就合作社与成员之间的产权关系、合作社的治理环节中可能存在的问题进行分析,认为产权、治理无疑是体现合作社特质的核心要素,这两个要素是辨别合作社真伪的依据,也是实现合作社规范化运行的基点。     

国家矿产资源政策的目标与作用

国家的矿产资源政策其根本目的是保证矿业为社会经济发展提供足够的矿产资源,并促进一国矿业在国际市场上具有竞争力和矿业的可持续发展。国家矿产资源政策的主要功能是为矿业、政府部门、管理者,更重要的是给法律起草人和法律制定者提供指导;对矿业中出现的各种利益矛盾进行调节和控制;表明利益分配关系,在政府、企业和私人之间达成一致的意见。在分析国家矿产资源政策的目标和任务,以及影响制定政策的主要因素的同时,探讨制定这项政策涉及的问题及政策的管理作用。     

Sending Farmers Back to School: The Impact of Farmer Field Schools in Indonesia

This paper evaluates the impact of farmer field schools, an intensive participatory training program emphasizing integrated pest management. The evaluation focuses on whether program participation has improved yields and reduced pesticide use among graduates and their neighbors who may have gained knowledge from graduates through informal communications. The study utilizes panel data covering 1991–99 in Indonesia. The analysis, employing a modified "difference-in-differences" model, indicates that the program did not have significant impacts on the performance of graduates and their neighbors. Several plausible explanations for this outcome are discussed, and recommendations for improvements are suggested.     

Junk Car Clash on the Rural–Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Local Government Decision Making

This decision case is intended to provide an example of the complexity of local government decision making on the rural–urban fringe. In this case, a county is faced with making a decision about outlawing the existence of junk cars on personal property. Instructors can use this case to introduce topics such as zoning, takings, property rights, local government policy making, and the impact of the community on government decisions. Other issues could be explored, such as the role of culture and stereotypes in policy making, and how growth can impact local culture and lifestyle.