内地赴港“个人游”政策对香港旅游业的影响分析

旅游业是香港四大支柱产业之一。近年来,香港旅游业发展迅速,其中内地推出的赴港"个人游"政策发挥了重要作用。但同时,该政策也给香港旅游业带来了一些问题。为更好地促进香港旅游业的发展,赴港"个人游"政策还有进一步完善的空间。     

环境规制对工业绿色创新的本地影响及空间溢出效应

对2008—2019年30个省区市的环境规制强度及工业绿色创新绩效的空间相关性检验表明,地方政府间存在环境规制竞争行为且绿色创新在省区间具有空间关联性。利用动态空间杜宾模型并结合偏微分方程的实证研究表明,从全国范围考察,命令型环境规制对工业绿色创新的本地影响多数情况下表现为正向且影响系数较强,说明其明显发挥了创新倒逼效应,而公众参与型环境规制的倒逼效应相对较弱,规制效果存在明显的政策差异。因一部分地区环境标准的提高促使污染企业或项目向环境标准宽松的地区转移,从而阻碍了承接转移地区的工业绿色创新进程,致使环境规制对其他地区绿色创新的负向溢出效应显现。     

创新政策在G开发区实践之研究

开发区是中国经济成长主要贡献者,为产业发展发挥重要的促进作用。创新政策则是开发区成功营运关键因素,并成为开发区的核心竞争力。现实中由于各地方开发区的盲目发展,导致数量多、规模大、同质化严重,出现招商引资恶性竞争现象。通过成功开发区的个案研究可以发现:创新政策是政府管控市场失灵、推动企业创新的主要工具。创新政策一般以直接资助、间接资助、需求激励、促进合作、创新服务等五个构面来推动园区的发展,绿色创新已成为新的趋势。同时创新政策的实施涉及多个政府部门,需要政府部门间协调促进。开发区应因地制宜,科学规划,从资源基础角度出发制定创新政策。     

地方政府共建“一带一路”政策偏好及特征

为明晰地方政府共建“一带一路”政策偏好及特征,构建政策工具、政策目标和政策客体三维政策分析框架,运用内容分析法对 2013—2021 年 31 个省市颁布的 164 份共建“一带一路”政策文本进行量化分析。研究发现：地方政府形成了以“政府为主,企业、社会、国际组织共同参与”的多元协同政策支持体系,政策工具组合呈现“重供给、轻需求”非均衡特征且在健康、绿色、数字、创新等新领域政策工具使用不足,政策目标聚焦贸易畅通、民心相通和设施联通,在资金融通和政策沟通的政策设计内容较少。未来,地方政府应进一步优化政策工具组合,强化多维目标下的政策设计,完善多元客体参与的政策支撑体系。     

双控政策下云南工业绿色发展研究——基于工业企业调查

以云南工业企业为研究对象进行实证研究。结果表明：双控政策下企业要实现从意识层面到落实绿色生产的跳跃任重道远；企业对于成本的覆盖能力与绿色发展积极性短期内呈负相关；双控政策下企业决策重心的影响因素在长期与短期内具有差异性。基于此，提出以下建议：以政策激励引导科技创新，辅之金融机构给予融资支持；企业着眼长期利润，以转型收益覆盖转型成本为主要推动力；同时以政策环境的异质性为保障地方工业企业绿色转型的统筹机制。     

Measuring the export capability of South African regions

Recent research has identified what determines local exports and what policies might make them grow. Regions with higher Gross Domestic Product per capita, faster population growth, higher levels of skills, greater export diversification and shorter distances to ports have experienced faster export growth. However, the results of regression models apply to a theoretical representative region and do not allow one to establish where policy interventions will be most effective. This article constructs an index to identify the regions in South Africa that can export manufactured goods. It draws on the literature of the determinants of exports for indicators of the capability (or potential) to export across 354 magisterial districts in 1996 and 2001. The results show a positive relationship between export capability and export performance. The article identifies a number of front-runner magisterial districts along with those of high capability but low performance that stand to benefit most from industrial policy interventions.     

财政分权的绿色经济增长效应研究

财政分权作为调控央地资源的重要手段,对地方绿色经济增长具有重要的影响.首先通过构建环境污染综合指数计算绿色GDP,再构建系统GM M模型,运用2007—2017年中国30个省(市、自治区)的数据,实证分析财政分权与绿色经济增长之间的内在关系.研究结果显示:财政分权对绿色经济增长有显著的促进作用;东部地区的财政分权对刺激绿色经济增长的效果要优于中西部地区.因此,为实现全国经济可持续发展,应持续推进财政分权改革,因地制宜地推动地区经济高质量发展.     

基础设施建设支出、结构性减税与最优政策选择

财政政策的最优政策选择问题对于国家宏观调控政策的出台具有指导意义。既往的研究忽略了利用动态一般均衡的方法探求具有双重外部性的基础设施建设支出与结构性减税支出的政策选择问题。本文利用引入基础设施建设支出和结构性减税的新凯恩斯DSGE模型,测算比较基建支出和结构性减税的政策福利效应。研究表明：具有双重外部性的基础设施建设支出不仅可以通过提高生产效率的方式促进产出,还可以通过挤入居民消费的方式加强政策福利效应。经过测算,短期的基建支出乘数大于结构性减税的政策乘数。同时,基建支出长期平均产出乘数小于结构性减税的平均产出乘数。与结构性减税政策相比,增加基建支出对于财政资金有限的政府是短期内更加有效的产出刺激政策,但在长期中,结构性减税政策不仅具有较高的政策效应,还可以从消费、劳动、投资等角度实现结构性政策目标。进一步研究发现,地区经济发展水平的不同会导致各地区的最优政策选择存在差异性：发达地区可以通过结构性税收政策解决结构性问题的同时实现长期经济增长;而欠发达地区则更应该注重运用基础设施建设为主的支出政策以促进经济增长;但随着人口逐渐从欠发达地区流出,提高欠发达地区的基建支出是否是可行之策,还需要考虑区域协调发展等诸多因素。     

The Green Factor of Economic Growth in Russia and the World

The article discusses the role of environmental and climate factors in the modernization of the global and Russian economies in the context of the challenges presented by the new industrial revolution. It is emphasized that a restraining effect of these factors on economic growth is primarily caused by qualitative characteristics of technologies used for resource utilization and the adaptation of population and facilities to global climate changes. The article considers a growing urgency of eco-innovations, as well as “green” technologies overall, as a factor affecting the economic growth and modernization of the economy; the unevenness of the development of these technologies in the countries of the world; and strategic risks of Russia’s lagging behind the leading world economies in this area. A special emphasis is placed upon (i) a substantiation of the significance of the mineral, raw material and fuel and energy complexes, as well as the forest-industryl and agro-industrial complex, as priority sectors for the development eco-innovations and green technologies in Russia and (ii) arguing that in Russian conditions a long-term development policy is in essence a strategy for green economic growth.     

Financial improvement planning in local governments in Southern Africa,with special reference to Zambia

Continuing decentralisation in most developing countries increases pressure on local governments to manage more functions and services and larger budgets. In this context, financial improvement planning (FIP) is a strategy that can be used by local governments wishing to improve or ‘fine‐tune’ their financial performance, and especially by those facing serious financial difficulties. This article examines the application of FIP in the town of Kitwe, Zambia, which faces financial difficulties within a national decentralisation framework characterised by several policy and fiscal deficiencies. The article covers how an FIP framework was developed, undertaken and the resultant interventions structured. Implications regarding the role, design and techniques of FIP in local governments within a decentralisation policy framework are elaborated upon. Effective decentralisation in southern African countries requires local governments to undertake sound financial management. In turn, this requires local governments to embrace challenging local policy processes. Development of FIP techniques, and strengthening local capacity and policy to support them in local governments, should be ingredients of any country's decentralisation programme.     

Assessing opportunities and constraints related to different models for supplying wind turbines to the South African wind energy industry

We explore the opportunities and constraints in the development of a localised wind energy industry in South Africa by analysing four wind energy projects representing different models of wind turbine production as suggested by Lewis and Wiser. We find that each model has strategic challenges and opportunities, and that particularly in the early growth stage of the industry the ‘turbine assembly’ model (with low levels of local content) has important risk and financing advantages. With regard to broader socio-economic impacts, however, we confirm the expectation that the ‘full turbine manufacturing’ model (with high levels of local content) has a significantly higher job creation potential. In terms of resulting policy implications, we support local content requirements, but emphasise the need for a strategic, phased approach to the development of industry clusters, with support not only to power producers and manufacturers, but also their domestic suppliers.     

Tourism and local economic development. Beyond the conventional view

The relationships between tourism and local economic development extend beyond conventional notions of jobs, diversification and income. The drive for tourism by local authorities and linked agencies, often through the creation of a local action plan, provides a valuable self-appraisal opportunity that may raise the awareness of local economic potentials. Moreover, it also nurtures productive team-building and partnership development within and between local authorities and outside agencies and organisations, and spins off into wider local economic benefits such as image enhancement and the attraction of inward investment. Ultimately, it may boost the local policy machine in ways that enhance and extend the status and strength of the local economy.     

长三角创新体系建设与科技合作

近年来,长三角两省一市的科技合作初显成效,对促进区域经济、科技的发展起到了关键作用,但面临的问题依然很多。尤其重要的是,长三角区域缺少全局性的科技政策调整,三地的科技合作缺少政策协调,地方政府为了促进本地区的经济发展,仍存在诸侯经济等非积极行为,这大大延缓了区域科技创新和经济发展进程。因此,从理论角度研究长三角科技政策协调机制,以减少重复投资、增加技术外溢效应、进而建立区域创新体系无疑是十分有益的。     

The horns of a dilemma: Economic discipline and economic development in South Africa

Economic debate exploded across the South African policy landscape during the last two years. However, the discussion and many of the emergent policy recommendations seem constrained by old paradigms and confined to incremental changes. A fundamental shift of paradigm is urgently needed, to one based on a holistic view of South African society and economic realities, one which integrates macro‐economic discipline with developmental restructuring interventions. Ultimately, a democratized economy built around widespread participation of all peoples is essential to underpin democratic political processes. A framework for macro‐economic policy reforms is presented in the form of an agenda — issues that must be addressed to restore economic health. By themselves, these reforms are essential but will not be sufficient. Equally important are interventions to rebalance economic participation, closing employment and income gaps and beginning the process of stimulating growth and redistribution simultaneously. Key strategies are identified and placed in the context of a three phase economic policy approach extending into the next century.     

Does carbon emission trading system induce enterprises’ green innovation?

To control total carbon emissions and achieve the emission reduction target, the Chinese government has implemented the carbon emission trading system (CETS), which has been applied in two provinces and five cities since 2013. This study uses the environmental regulation policy of the pilot CETS as a quasi-experiment to investigate whether the implementation of this environmental policy induces green innovation among enterprises. This study employs a difference-in-differences model to conduct an empirical test using green patent data of A-share listed enterprises from 2002 to 2018. The results indicate that the CETS pilot-policy-induced green invention innovation in enterprises. Notably, compared with non-state-owned enterprises, the pilot policy is more conducive to promoting green innovation in state-owned enterprises.     

Dynamics of Money Market Interest Rates in Ghana: Time-Frequency Analysis of Volatility Spillovers

As the second longest practicing inflation targeting economy in Africa, it is of interest to investigate the degree to which policy interest rate influences other money market rates so as to gauge the overall effectiveness of monetary policy transmission in Ghana. This study evaluates the degree of connectedness among money market rates and also determines the most dominant money market rate(s) in Ghana. The basic finding is that the monetary policy rate has a low-to-moderate influence on volatility dynamics of other money market rates in Ghana across historical time-interval and time-frequency domains. This is a reflection of a generally weak capability of policy interest rate to drive other market rates in Ghana. Both monetary policy rate and Treasury bill rate are net transmitters of shocks, while interbank, lending and saving rates are net receivers of shocks in the money market. However, the Treasury bill emerges as the largest shock transmitter in the money market, across all forecast horizons and analytical domains. The lending rate is the largest shock recipient in the money market, largely from the Treasury bill rate which suggests ample evidence of fiscal dominance in Ghana. The study accentuates the exigency for monetary and fiscal policies to expeditiously address the domestic structural bottlenecks, especially in the financial sector and the fragile fiscal profile, in order to strengthen policy transmission in Ghana.     

Determinants of economic growth revisited: is competitiveness and investment the solution for Greece?

In this paper we investigate the role of debt as an additional determinant of growth complementing the relevant empirical growth literature using insights gained during the recent economic crisis. Our focus is the case of Greece, the country more severely affected by the crisis, thus having to resort to tripartite external assistance. More specifically, we are exploring whether the pillars of the Troika Adjustment Programme for Greece could actually be the key to overcome the current deadlock the Greek economy, as the required fiscal consolidation resulted in deep and prolonged recession which in turn jeopardizes the sustainability of the improvement in general government accounts. The Troika Programme for Greece featured specific structural reforms as a prerequisite to improve the business environment and enhance the outward orientation of the Greek economy, thus identifying investment (domestic and foreign) and international competiveness as the new growth drivers of the Greek economy. Using panel data for EU countries we are investigating the validity of the proposed economic policy mix, placing special emphasis on the role that indebtedness (both private and public) has played in the past and could also play in the future (as public debt is ruled out for financing investment but credit expansion to the private sector through increased liquidity is a sine qua non condition for the recovery of investment). The innovation of this study is that it takes stock of both structural reforms (through PMI) and indebtedness and estimates their relevant impact on growth.     

绿色信贷对内蒙古自治区产业结构优化影响的实证研究

内蒙古自治区在优化调整产业结构上,在实现碳达峰、碳中和目标上,仍面临着诸多困难和挑战。为研究绿色信贷政策的实施对内蒙古自治区产业结构优化升级的影响,在梳理国内学者研究的基础上,分别分析绿色信贷对产业结构优化升级的影响机理和内蒙古自治区产业结构和绿色信贷发展现状。基于自治区12个盟市面板数据,对绿色信贷与自治区产业结构之间的关系进行实证研究。结果表明：绿色信贷能够促进自治区产业结构优化升级,但对不同区域的促进作用有所差异;绿色信贷对第二产业、第三产业发展分别显现出正向促进和负向抑制作用。最后提出完善绿色信贷政策体制机制、加强金融机构绿色信贷融资机制、强化区域研发能力及技术创新机制的政策建议。     

地方政府与外商直接投资规模:一个三方博弈的解释

随着中国利用外商直接投资规模的不断扩大,有关FDI规模是否适度的问题就值得关注。本文利用缺口理论,通过对中央政府、地方政府和外商直接投资者三方的博弈分析,探讨了FDI规模问题,以此解释了中国改革开放以来利用FDI规模增长的内在机制,并得出FDI规模问题实质是中央政府和地方政府间关系的结论。相应地,解决FDI规模问题就需要中央政府清理整顿地方政府与中央政策不一致的招商优惠政策。