三峡外迁农村移民社区适应现状研究--来自江苏省大丰市移民安置点的调查

三峡外迁移民是一个特殊的边缘、弱势群体.通过对江苏省大丰市移民安置点的考察,从社区生活环境、人际关系、生产劳动方式、风俗习惯描述了外迁移民社区适应状况,分析了影响移民社区适应的主体因素,提出了针对性的建议.     

三峡外迁移民的社会适应性及其影响因素研究——对江苏227户移民的调查

通过实证调查的资料对三峡外迁移民的社会适应状况作了描述,对影响其社会适应性的因素进行了分析。就总的社会适应性而言,一半以上的移民已基本适应了迁入地的生活。与三峡外迁移民的社会适应状况密切相关的因素主要有搬迁前后经济收入的差异、当地居民的态度、语言适应性、政府关心状况、迁入地治安状况、住房条件的差异。     

三峡外迁移民的社会适应性及其影响因素研究--对江苏227户移民的调查

通过实证调查的资料对三峡外迁移民的社会适应状况作了描述,对影响其社会适应性的因素进行了分析.就总的社会适应性而言,一半以上的移民已基本适应了迁入地的生活.与三峡外迁移民的社会适应状况密切相关的因素主要有搬迁前后经济收入的差异、当地居民的态度、语言适应性、政府关心状况、迁入地治安状况、住房条件的差异.     

三峡移民外迁安置工作的难题及对策思考

根据三峡工程库区环境容量的实际情况，国务院作出了外迁安置农村移民１２．５万人的重大决策，并决定由政府组织将重庆库区的７万移民外迁安置到沿长江和沿海经济发达的１１个省市。近几年来，移民外迁工作取得了很大的成绩，各地通过政府组织外迁和移民自主外迁等形式安置农村移民３万多人，２０００年政府组织外迁到１１个省市又成功安置７４００多人。在外迁工作中也出现了一些问题和难点，研究这些问题的解决办法和探讨这些难点的对策，对今年以及今后移民外迁工作是大有裨益的。一 移民外迁安置工作中究竟存在哪些难题呢？归纳起来，…     

三峡移民外迁过程中的公共政策研究

三峡工程移民是中国历史上少数几次大规模的工程移民,不论是对移民本身还是对移民的迁入地都将产生巨大的影响。在三峡工程移民外迁的实施工作中,存在一些公共政策方面的问题,如缺乏权威的移民职能管理机构,移民政策在具体执行过程中产生偏差．移民法律法规不健全,移民与当地社会难以融合等问题,应通过建立国家移民局,完善法律法规,建立社会保障体系以及提高补助标准与加大扶持力度相结合的长效机制,来解决移民外迁过程中的难题。     

三峡库区生态环境建设与移民安置的实践

举世闻名的长江三峡工程的兴建,需要安置近百万移民,除湖北、重庆约15万人外迁外,其余均需要就地后靠安置,这部分后靠的移民如何安置是摆在党中央、国务院以及三峡库区各级党委、政府面前的重要问题。自一九九八年以来,三峡工程坝区库首宜昌县在太平溪结合重庆环境建设就移民后靠安置进行了有益的探索和实践,并取得较为明显的成效。本文拟就实践中的问题进行一些探讨,以期对三峡库区生态建设移民安置起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

三峡库区农村移民就地后靠安置必须注意的几个问题

就地后靠是安置三峡库区农村移民的主要途径.国务院总理李鹏肯定它是“安置库区移民的一种重要方法”.随着库区一线水位农村移民外迁安置的全面展开,就地后靠将成为今后移民工作的重点.为使后靠移民搬得走、靠得住、能致富,在安置工作中必须认真贯彻执行“国家扶持,政策优惠,各方支持,自力更生”和开发性移民的方针,坚持一手抓移民,一手抓发展的方针,因地制宜,大     

认真贯彻“两个”调整 切实搞好移民外迁

1999年5月,国务院在北京召开了三峡工程移民工作会议.朱镕基总理出席会议并作了重要讲话,他强调,三峡工程能否顺利进行,难点在移民,关键在移民.会议回顾了八年移民试点情况,认真总结了三峡工程开工后五年来移民工作经验和教训,面对三峡库区出现的新情况,会议决定对库区移民政策进行两个调整:一是鼓励和引导更多的农村移民外迁安置;二是对库区没有竞争力的企业尽量关闭,进一步加大搬迁工矿企业结构调整力度.为落实国务院三峡移民工作会议精神,去年10月,三峡建委在重庆召开专门会议,就第一个调整,即鼓励和引导更多的农村移     

贵州省扶贫生态移民工程实施中的社区冲突机制研究

本文运用logistic线性回归模型对贵州省扶贫生态移民社区冲突发生机制的主要影响因素进行分析,以立意抽样为主,对贵州省已实施扶贫生态移民社区的两个地方为调研地点:贵安新区和榕江县,对移民、土著居民及乡村镇干部进行实地访谈和问卷调查,根据调研所得资料进行实证分析得出最终的研究结果,分析扶贫生态移民社区冲突的形成机理,并在此基础上提出解决扶贫生态移民社区冲突的化解机制,以此为后期移民工作的开展提供参考。     

论后移民时代三峡移民的生活融入与文化认同

距三峡移民工程开展已过去十年,各安置地区已进入种种社会问题凸现的后移民时代,要促进移民在迁入地的社会融合,包括生活融入和文化认同。基于这个视角,揭示了移民当前在安置地区的工作适应、生活融入以及文化认同状态,并对移民初级社会关系被破坏之后,尚未建立完善的社会支持网络进行了分析,最终针对移民管理工作中存在的问题,提出了一些政策建议。     

Isolating the Network Effect of Immigrants on Trade

Within the migration–trade nexus literature, this paper proposes a more carefully defined measure of migration business networks and quantifies its impact on bilateral trade. Using cross‐sectional data and controlling for the overall bilateral stock of migrants, the share of migrants employed in managerial/business‐related occupations has a strong additional effect on trade. Those immigrants should be the ones directly involved in the diffusion and transmission of information relevant for companies trading with other countries. Their presence is found to increase the volume of trade, especially of imports, beyond the already known effect of immigrants or highly educated immigrants. When we control for the presence of highly educated immigrants, the share of immigrants in business network occupations shows a particularly large effect on trade in differentiated goods. We also find that highly educated individuals in business‐related occupations are those contributing to stimulate import and export by the largest margin. Business network effects seem particularly important in stimulating exports to culturally different countries, such as those with different language and legal origin.     

Rethinking the area approach: Immigrants and the labor market in California

A framework that uses a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function with skill differentiation and integrated national labor markets has predictions for the employment effect of immigrants at the local level. The employment (rather than wage) response to immigration by skill in a state reveals the production substitutability-complementarity between native and immigrant labor. This, in turn, reveals the degree to which immigrants stimulate or depress the demand for native labor. To estimate this elasticity, I use a novel instrument based on demographic characteristics of total Central American migrants or of the Mexican Population to predict immigration by skill level within California. Looking at immigration to California between 1960 and 2005 these estimates support the assumption of a nationally integrated labor market by skill and they support the hypothesis that natives and immigrants in the same education-experience group are not perfectly substitutable. This explains the counter-intuitive fact that there is a zero correlation between immigration and wage and employment outcomes of natives in the state.     

David Vaught. After the Gold Rush: Tarnished Dreams in the Sacramento Valley

While historians have paid a great deal of attention to theminers who flocked to California during the Gold Rush, theyhave generally ignored those Argonauts who failed to strikeit rich, but nevertheless remained in the regions surroundingthe goldfields. In his ambitious, richly detailed, but ultimatelyuneven community history, David Vaught directs his attentionto those neglected failures, specifically migrants drawn fromeastern and Midwestern farm communities, pointing out that "[f]arfrom vanishing into the landscape, these farmers, still in theprime of their     

Do High‐Skill Immigrants trigger High‐Quality Trade?

This paper investigates the links between product quality and the pro‐trade effect of ethnic networks using a large panel on bilateral stocks of immigrants with information for 19 OECD destination countries and 177 origin countries. In line with the approach of Rauch and Trindade, we classify traded goods according to their quality level and separately estimate pro‐trade elasticity of ethnic networks for each subgroup. We allow for heterogeneity of immigrants according to both the level of per capita income of their country of origin and their education level. Our findings suggest that the trend of the pro‐trade effect of immigrants over quality seems to be driven by the North–South specialisation across varieties for both supply and demand. Indeed, ethnic networks mostly facilitate imports of those varieties for which their countries of origin have a comparative advantage; as for exports, ethnic networks are more effective in promoting exports to their homeland of those varieties for which there is relatively higher demand. We show that the same trend applies to products characterised by the same degree of differentiation according to the classification proposed by Rauch and – given their lower liquidity constraints and advantages in human capital – we find a greater impact of high‐skilled migrants consistent across all quality levels.     

中国城市流动人口：特征及其检验

根据北京、沈阳、无锡、东莞和石家庄等 5城市流动人口的调查问卷 ,描述了中国城市流动人口的主要特征 ,并对有关结论进行了计量检验。实证结果表明 :在迁移距离上 ,我国远距离流动的人口远远多于近距离流动人口 ;在性别结构上 ,流动人口中男性的比例高于女性 ;在迁移动因上 ,2 0世纪 80年代初的流动人口中很大比例是婚姻迁入或随迁家属 ,到了 90年代以后 ,流动人口的很大比例是出于务工经商的原因 ;在教育回报上 ,流动人口的受教育年限每增加一年 ,小时工资就增加大约八个百分点 ;在工作经验回报上 ,流动人口的工作经验每增加一年 ,小时工资就增加大约五个百分点。     

流动人口生育意愿、性别偏好及其决定因素——来自全国四个主要城市化地区12城市大样本调查的证据

基于课题组2009年进行的全国四个主要城市化地区12个大中小城市流动人口调查的微观数据,考察了流动人口的生育意愿和性别偏好,特别是研究了影响流动人口生育意愿的决定因素。流动人口同城市人口在生育数量偏好上已经不存在明显差距,但性别偏好观念上仍有显著差异;较农村人口,流动人口生育数量偏好明显要小,男孩偏好也要弱。流动人口的年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、健康状况、工作类型和居住类型对生育意愿有显著影响。     

Can you do Kung Fu and also act? New entrants’ status attainment in the creative industries

Despite the wealth of research on the antecedents of status, we know little about the mechanisms that affect ability of individuals in one market to attain status in another market. The issues of cross-market status transfer are especially salient in the creative industries that are characterized by intensive cross-country migration. We combine research on status and typecasting to explain the mechanisms causing some migrants to lose or gain status in a host country relative to other migrants. We find that low-status migrants gain status relative to high-status migrants. We also find that low-status generalist migrants gain status relative to high-status generalist migrants. We develop these insights through the analysis of an original dataset on the status attainment of mainland Chinese movie actors in the Hong Kong film industry.     

农村流动人口研究的社会网络视角

对社会网络理论的发展和应用进行了回顾,重点评述国内外关于流动人口的社会网络研究。国外利用社会网络视角系统研究流动人口的成果相对较少,而国内的流动人口研究主要集中于农村流动人口的网络结构分析和求职网络研究。多数研究只是对个体网络的基本特性作描述性分析,将社会网络作为研究对象而不是研究方法。对未来利用社会网络分析方法进行农村流动人口的研究提出了展望。     

How Do Migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean Fare in the US Labour Market?

This paper discusses the causes of mass migration from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to the United States in recent decades and how these migrants have fared in US labour markets. The evidence shows that LAC migrants have higher unemployment rates and substantially lower wages than other immigrants and natives. Furthermore, the relative wages of LAC migrants have been declining sharply over the last 25 years. The most significant factor explaining the latter is the lower (and declining) educational attainment of LAC migrants relative to other immigrants and natives, compounded by the rising rates of return to education in the US.