驼鹿的生态习性和幼兽的驯养

驼鹿(Alces alces Linnaens)俗名堪达犴,或简称“犴”,是鹿科中最大的一种兽类。身长2.5米左右,体重可达500公斤以上,同其肩部耸突,犹如驼峰故得名驼鹿。目前在我国只有大兴安岭和小兴安岭的部分地区有驼鹿分布,近些年来由于采伐森林,开山筑路等活动的影响,加之乱捕滥猎和森林火灾使驼鹿的分布逐渐狭小,数量日趋减少,应加强保护管理,否则,有灭绝之忧。笔者于1975—1979年,1981年曾在阿尔山一带对驼鹿的分布、生活习性等进行了调查,而且还亲自驯养几只幼兽,积累了一些资料,现将资料汇集整理,报道如下。     

黄鳝的人工密养

黄鳝的人工密养人工养殖黄鳝；增大密度是提高单位面积产量和经济效益的重要措施，一般每平方米可放养２５克左右的幼鳝６０尾。饲养管理要点归纳如下：一、合理投喂饲料黄鳝是以动物性饲料为主的杂食性鱼类。在人工饲养的条件下，对饵料的适应性较广，可投喂小杂鱼、小虾...     

我国未来农户饲养演变趋势探析

畜产品需求增长是决定我国未来农户饲养演变的重要因素。在城镇居民畜产品消费进入合理增长阶段、农户畜产品需求快速增长阶段暂不会到来的背景下，未来我国农户饲养演变将主要呈现出以下趋势；小规模分散饲养的主导地位短期内不会改变；未来农户饲养继续呈现区域性不平衡；经济实用型新技术是未来农户饲养演进的主要技术路线；农户饲养的规模化、专业化发展同环境保护相结合。     

驼鹿的生物学和人工驯养

在大兴安岭北部及小兴安岭西北部的原始森林,栖息着五、六种有蹄兽类,但其中惹人注目的却是体型高大的驼鹿。     

蓝狐繁殖与饲养

蓝狐繁殖与饲养蓝狐在动物学中属于食肉目犬科，是一种珍贵的毛皮动物，毛长绒厚，色泽光亮，实属裘皮制品中的上等原料。蓝狐有白色和浅蓝色两种，一般雄狐体长６０－７０ＣＭ．体重１１－１４斤；雌狐体长６０ＣＭ左右，体重８－１２斤。蓝狐在人工饲养条件下，初生仔狐...     

退耕还林对农户经济行为影响分析——以全国退耕还林示范县（吴起县）为例

本文采用描述性统计分析方法，对吴起县退耕农户的种植业生产、种植业农用物资投入、畜牧业饲养和生活消费支出等经济行为进行了系统分析，得出以下结论：在种植业方面，退耕农户倾向于选择单产高、经济优势明显的农作物品种，同时，对单位面积耕地的农用物资和劳动力投入加大了；在畜牧业方面，退耕农户倾向于规模饲养羊，饲养生猪和鸡则主要满足自己消费；在农业收入增加的前提下，退耕农户的消费支出由以食品支出为主向食品教育、医疗支出并重的方向转变。     

绿色畜禽如何养

要在无任何污染的自然条件下饲养畜禽。选择无工业废物和农药污染的地区，或空气、土壤、水源等环境指数均达标的自然放养方式饲养畜禽。     

政策问答

生猪标准化规模养殖场（小区）建设项目的申报条件、建设内容是什么？补助标准是多少？ 答：从2007年开始，国家对生猪标准化规模养殖场（小区）建设实施补助政策。项目申报条件：实行人畜分离、集中饲养、封闭管理；符合乡镇土地利用总体规划，不在法律法规规定的禁养区内；经改造后粪污集中处理、达标排放，实现饲养标准化。优先支持农民专业合作组织的规模养殖场（小区）。     

农广天地系列影碟内容介绍

中华黑豚原名豚狸，是我国南方深山老林中的一种袖珍走兽，素有“肉中人参”之称。黑豚具有好饲养、成熟期短、抗病力强等特点。本片就向您介绍：黑豚的生活习性、黑豚的饲养方式、常用饲料配比、各时期的饲养与管理、常见疾病的防治。     

早期断乳仔猪的饲养

早期断乳仔猪的饲养辛吉仔猪早期断乳能显著提高母猪的繁殖力和饲料利用率，减少仔猪死亡，提高养猪经济效益。养猪业发达的国家，在良好的设备及饲养条件下，哺乳仔猪通常在２１或２８日龄断乳。目前，我国一些设备及饲养条件好的集约化养猪场，仔猪多采用２８－３５日龄...     

杨树叶颗粒饲料替代羊草饲喂公梅花鹿效果的研究

在大兴安岭兴安鹿业有限公司筛选了年龄4~7岁健康公梅花鹿（CervusNippon）200头随机分为两组，每组100头，采用单因子配对试验，一组夏季天饲喂杨树嫩枝叶，春秋和冬季饲喂杨树叶颗粒饲料，另外一组常年饲喂干羊草；经过两个完整的生物学周期试验，结果表明，在其他饲养条件相同的情况下，用杨树叶颗粒饲料替代羊草饲喂梅花鹿，成本低，适口性好，而且脱盘时间提前了半个月，产茸量提高了0．19kg，经济效益显著。     

我国鸡饲料市场价格波动分析

[目的]揭示我国鸡饲料市场价格的波动特征和规律。[方法]选用HP滤波、ARCH类模型,运用2001—2016年我国蛋鸡和肉鸡饲料月度市场价格统计数据,分析我国蛋鸡和肉鸡配合饲料市场价格的波动特征和规律。[结果](1)肉鸡饲料价格整体高于蛋鸡饲料价格,但两种饲料价格波动走势相似,总体波动呈“W”型,都经历4个阶段,大致分别呈“V”“U”“/”和倒“U”型,两种饲料价格波动率序列均具有明显的“右偏、尖峰、厚尾”特征,且都不服从正态分布;(2)两种饲料价格均存在显著的ARCH效应,且两者价格波动率具有明显的集聚效应,持续性特征比较明显,价格冲击对两者价格波动的影响持续时间长;两种饲料市场均不存在“高风险高回报”特征;两者价格波动具有显著的非对称性,且价格上涨信息引发的波动比价格下跌信息引发的波动要大。[结论]我国蛋鸡和肉鸡配合饲料市场价格的波动特征和规律相似且一致。     

推广浮性饲料 发展低碳渔业经济

为实现渔业生态健康养殖,我们通过投喂浮性饲料与其它类型饲料效果对比试验,一是分别用国家绿色食品中心认证的通威“141”浮性饲料,代替冰鲜鱼投喂南方鲇等肉食性鱼类;二是在水库网箱分别用通威152浮性饲料与101沉性颗粒料投喂草鱼。实践证明：投喂浮性饲料,既满足鱼类最佳营养需要,又缩短养殖周期、降低饲料系数、降低养殖成本,实现节能减排、防治养殖水域内源性污染,确保渔业安全。由此可见大力推广绿色浮性饲料养鱼,有利于改善养殖生态环境,促进低碳渔业经济健康发展。     

Demand for improved fish feed in the presence of a subsidy: a double hurdle application in Kenya

Fish farming households’ demand for improved fish feed from the private market in Kenya is potentially influenced by the government's feed subsidy program. This article applies the double‐hurdle model to a cross‐section of fish farms to analyze demand for improved fish feed from private markets, and whether the government feed subsidy program has an effect on private demand for improved feed. The results indicate that households’ decisions to participate in the improved feed market are affected by the quantity of improved feed received from the government. Once the participation decision has been made, we find evidence of crowding‐in of the private improved feed sector; that is, the government's allocations of subsidized feed appear to increase private sector demand. In addition, the price of improved feed negatively affects the quantity purchased as expected. Education, extension contacts, and ease of marketing matured fish increase household propensity to purchase improved feed commercially. Policies that help reduce the price of improved feed such as reduction in tariffs on imported feeds and feed ingredients will foster demand for the feed, as will policies that facilitate marketing of fish at reasonable prices by households.     

Economic potential for improving the nutritional characteristics of feed grains

A comprehensive set of potential new feed grains for Australia was evaluated to help establish the options with the highest priorities for research. The cost–reducing impacts of the different options were analysed using a linear–programming model that determined the least–cost feed rations for the different livestock industries. Economic welfare analysis was then used to estimate the size and distribution of the benefits of research from the feed grains quality–improving research. The analysis revealed that there are only limited opportunities to improve the productivity and competitiveness of Australia's livestock industries by improving the nutritional characteristics of feed grains.     

Estimating feed utilisation matrices using a cost function approach

In this paper a multiple-output cost function framework is proposed to construct national feed balances or feed utilisation matrices (FUMs). The framework is applied to the Belgian compound feed industry. For estimation purposes a Symmetrie Generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function is selected. The cost function is estimated using readily available time-series data for the period 1962–88. Unlike previous studies based on duality theory, this study exploits the properties of nonjointness in animal feed production to establish a complete FUM. The allocation of feed ingredients among different livestock categories as well as the composition of various compound feeds are identified. Also own- and cross-price elasticities of demand for feed ingredients by type of livestock are reported.     

我国淡水养殖生产成本收益变动分析

本文通过对2000～2007年淡水养殖生产中各成本构成及其变化趋势的比较,探讨了我国水产养殖生产成本收益的变化趋势。结果表明：淡水养殖成本逐年上升,年收益率则表现为波动下降的趋势;我国水产养殖苗种成本、鱼药成本、饲料成本以及人工成本均呈现增长趋势,而销售成本和固定资产折旧则为下降趋势;但从各成本构成要素占总成本的比重来看,苗种费用、饲料费用和鱼药费用的比重基本稳定,人工费用比重增长明显,而销售费用、固定资产折旧费用的比重则为下降。     

Optimal Feed Mill Blending

Commercial feed blending is a complex process consisting of many potential raw ingredients and final products. The sheer number of daily orders and final products at a typical feed mill means that raw ingredients cannot be mixed to directly produce final products in an economical fashion. As a result, the intermediate production of pellets with prespecified nutritional content is a necessity that makes the feed blending problem highly nonlinear. We discuss a nonlinear approach to feed blending and compare results from an empirical application to those from a sequential linear programming approach common to most feed mills.     

Economic Returns to Feed Barley Yield-increasing and Disease Resistance Research at the Alberta Field Crop Development Centre

The Alberta Field Crop Development Centre (FCDC) at Lacombe has carried out an extensive research and development program on feed barley since 1973. Prior to 2002, FCDC released 11 hulled and six hull-less barley varieties that have been adopted by farmers. The primary objective of this study is to estimate an economic rate of return to the FCDC barley research and development program from 1973 to 2001. A secondary objective is to include benefits arising from research that improved feed barley disease resistance in new cultivars in addition to benefits from purely higher-yielding cultivar research. The analysis uses an ex post economic surplus methodology. Benefits are identified and empirically investigated for three separate FCDC feed barley research thrusts:
• benefits arising from FCDC research that developed new, higher-yielding feed barley cultivars that give a yield advantage
• benefits arising from FCDC research that improved feed barley disease resistance in new cultivars that result in yield loss avoidance from disease
• benefits arising from FCDC research that developed new feed barley cultivars that yield higher silage production.
Of the total benefits from research on feed grain varieties, 52% can be attributed to yield advantage research and 48% to yield loss avoidance research. The overall internal rate of return with base elasticity parameters is estimated at 27%, ranging between 23% and 31%, depending on the assumptions made about the yield advantage and base variety. The IRR was sensitive to changes in supply elasticities and ranges from 20% (∈= 1.5) to 54% (∈= 0.1).     

Determining Implicit Prices for Hay Quality and Bale Characteristics

Markets for dairy quality hay have emerged as dairy farms purchase more feed off the farm. Previous research on hay markets used proxies for quality since objective measures of quality were unavailable. A hedonic pricing model incorporating direct measures of quality (moisture, crude protein, and relative feed value (RFV)), proxies (cutting), and bale-type variables was estimated using data from a hay auction. Large round and square bales and medium round bales were discounted relative to small square bales. The implicit price for RFV was $0.55/ton in 2001–02.