上证50ETF及其对证券市场的影响

本文讨论了上证50ETF在我国证券市场的运作状况和对市场的影响。ETF是交易所交易基金 的简称,作为上世纪90年代以来金融市场的创新,其在国际市场上发展迅速。2005年2月23日,我国证券 市场上第一个ETF产品正式上市交易,本文介绍了这一产品的基本情况和交易状况,并从折溢价水平、跟踪 偏离度等方面分析了上证50ETF的运作质量,并通过研究其对市场指数的引导作用以及相关股票的流动性 变化分析这一产品对证券市场的影响。论文最后总结了上证ETF存在的不足,并分析其原因。     

涨跌幅限制对我国证券市场流动性影响研究

世界上大多数国家的证券交易所都设立了涨跌幅限制措施,但理论界对于涨跌幅限制是否有利于市场质量的改善存在争议。文章以上海证券交易所为研究对象,考察了涨跌幅限制对于价差、深度、信息不对称和交易成本等不同流动性代理变量的影响。利用分笔交易数据,得到了涨跌幅限制改善了信息不对称程度,减小了交易成本和价差并提高市场深度的证据。这些结果意味着针对个股的涨跌幅限制改善了价格发现过程,增加了市场的流动性．     

发达国家资本市场多层次性的启示

一、资本市场多层次性的决定因素 （一）投资者需求的复杂性。资本市场上存在各种各样的投资者：有机构投资者和个人投资者之分;有知情交易者和噪音交易者之分;有风险偏好型、风险厌恶型和风险中性之分。笔者认为,投资者的异质性首先体现为风险偏好程度的不同,其次体现为信息和专业知识方面的差异。     

低波动率环境下上证50ETF期权投资策略的分析与研究

伴随金融供给侧改革的推动,期权市场快速发展壮大起来,期权投资再次成为业内最热话题之一,越来越多的机构投资者与个人投资者进入期权市场,利用期权进行风险对冲。在成交量大幅萎缩的背景下,50ETF期权波动率也在迅速降低。本文结合当前的市场环境,针对不同类型的期权投资者,对比分析了多种期权策略在上证50ETF期权交易中的应用,提出相应的风险管理对策及建议,为广大期权投资者提供参考与借鉴。     

基于ECM模型的沪深300ETF最优套期保值比率研究

交易型开放式指数基金,英文全称为Exchange Traded Funds,又称交易所基金,简称ETF.ETF的推出为投资者提供了一条投资新途径,将个股交易高额回报潜力和共同基金提供的分散投资优势结合在了一起.自推出以来,深受投资者欢迎,产品数量也呈现急剧增长.本文基于ECM模型对沪深300ETF进行研究,通过运用上证50ETF期权进行最优套期保值比率实证研究,得出一些结论.     

上证180指数是否合适充当标的指数--从流动性噪声角度考察

指数流动性噪声是影响指数是否适合充当标的物的重要因素，指数流动性噪声越大，则衍生品对其进行复制和套利的误差就越大，因此一个好的标的指数应该具有很低的流动性噪声水平。本文实证了上证180指数流动性噪声水平，发现：①180指数的整体流动性噪声水平很低．适合充当标的指数；②180指数中的成分股权重越大，产生的噪声成分越少，建议上交所对上证180成分股的权重比例进行调整。     

流动性、交易活动与买卖价差--一个基于上海股市的实证研究

本文利用日内交易的高频分时数据,研究了流动性和交易活动之间的相关性和各自的时间序列性质.结果发现,同用各种买卖价差表示的流动性指标相比,反应交易活动的交易量指标显示出更大的波动性,市场流动性和交易的活跃性显著相关.时间序列分析显示两类变量都存在一阶负相关,而交易活动存在周日效应.     

基于上证50ETF的跟踪误差实证研究

本文基于上证50ETF2005年2月23日-2008年6月2日的单位净值，从实证角度计量其对目标指数即上证50指数的跟踪误差变化及波动特征，并深入探讨跟踪误差变化及波动的成因，进而对我国交易所交易基金产品（ETF）及未来的指数产品设计和市场制度安排提出建议。     

上证50ETF成分股停牌的套利实证研究

作为一种新型的基金产品,ETF的产品特征、运作原理和套利机制迅速引起了市场的广泛关注。拟在前人研究的基础上,将ETF套利原理与我国上证50ETF的具体情况相结合,对上证50ETF在具体情况下的套利情况进行实证研究,得出结论,总结经验教训,以期能对ETF套利投资者提供一些值得借鉴的经验。     

对复制跟踪沪深300股票组合模型的探讨

中国金融期货交易所第一个交易品种--股指期货上市在即,但目前金融衍生品市场上却没有与之完全对应可进行套利的合适产品.两支沪深300的LOF流动性不强,三支指数型ETF和沪深300相关性不够,高端投资者迫切地需要建立合格的投资给合来跟踪沪深300指数.     

Impact of leveraged ETF trading on the market quality of component stocks

We investigate the effect of leveraged ETF trading on the trading activity and market quality of their component stocks. The results show that both quoted and effective spreads of component stocks increase about 0.2–3.0 basis points after the inception of leveraged ETFs, while other liquidity measures do not show significant changes. The trading volume of component stocks is positively and significantly correlated with the trading volume of leveraged ETFs, but the volatility of component stocks is not affected by ETF trading either at the daily level or during the last hour of trading. In addition, the volatility of component stocks decreases slightly after ETF inception. These findings do not support the previous claim that the trading of leveraged ETFs increases price volatility of component stocks.     

Trading patterns in the European carbon market: The role of trading intensity and OTC transactions

This paper examines the effect of trading intensity and OTC transactions on expected market conditions in the early development period of the European Carbon futures market. Past duration and trading intensity are used as information related order flow variables in modelling time between transactions in two new specifications of Autocorrelation Conditional Duration (ACD) models. This allows for specific investigation of non-linear asymmetric effects on expected duration and the impact of OTC transactions. Evidence is presented of two main types of trading episodes of increased and decreased trading intensity. Both have a significant impact on price volatility, which increases further if an OTC transaction intrudes. OTC transactions also play a dual role. They slow down trading activity in the short term (over the next five transactions) but increase it substantially in the long term (over ten transactions). Both the liquidity and information price impact components increase following an OTC trade, but the information impact is greater. Price volatility calms down faster than liquidity effects following an OTC trade, and this is more pronounced in ECX and in Phase II. The combined evidence points towards increased market depth, efficiency and maturity of the trading environment.     

Inter-market competition for exchange traded funds

We examine how the different mix of informed and liquidity trading in the market for ETFs affects the nature of inter-market competition. We find that both the characteristics of the securities and the structures of the competing markets jointly determine the nature of inter-market competition. Given the superior execution quality on the ECNs and the low adverse selection costs in the ETF market, anonymous market such as the ECNs, attract both liquidity and informed traders. We also find that markets compete in a subset of ETFs. In addition, we find that quotebased competition is prevalent in the market for ETFs.     

Risk aversion,public disclosure,and partially informed outsiders

In this paper, we examine the impact of public disclosure and partially informed outsiders on a risk-averse insider’s trading behavior, market efficiency, and market depth. In our model, under disclosure requirements, except for the final auction, market depth is the same at every auction. When informed outsiders are risk-neutral, in contrast to the case of a risk-averse insider with no informed outsiders, the insider is more concerned about the uncertainty about future price risk. When the number of informed outsiders increases, market liquidity improves, and the insider increases the variance of her random component to conceal her trading strategy. However, since the insider is relatively more risk-averse, she pays less attention to doing this on her own. Besides, the order flow provided by informed outsiders and randomly added by the insider injects additional liquidity into the market. When informed outsiders are risk-averse, compared to risk-neutral informed outsiders, an insider is most concerned about trading risks brought by informed outsiders at the beginning of trading. Furthermore, whether the trader is an insider or informed outsider, the more risk-averse trader has lower expected profits. Moreover, outsiders’ greater risk aversion leads to a smaller market depth.     

The impact of funding liquidity on market quality

This study analyzes market quality during the 2007–2008 credit crunch, by examining the impact of funding liquidity on market liquidity and price discovery of S&P 500 exchange-traded funds (i.e., S&P 500 depositary receipts [SPYs]) and index futures (E-minis). The empirical results show that funding liquidity affects market liquidity, and that the impact of illiquidity contagion between SPYs and E-minis was significant during the subprime mortgage crisis. In particular, the contagion effects between the two markets mediate the impact of funding illiquidity on market liquidity during the credit crunch. Considering the influences of other market factors on price discovery, we suggest that E-mini index futures made less contributions to price discovery during the credit crunch compared to normal periods. The empirical finding emphasizes the importance of the contagion effect between ETF and E-mini futures markets, when they suffer from external shocks.     

The impact of reduced pre-trade transparency regimes on market quality

This paper studies the effects of pre-trade quote transparency on spread, price discovery and liquidity in an artificial limit order market with heterogeneous trading rules. Our agent-based numerical experiments suggest that full quote transparency incurs substantial transaction costs to traders and dampens trading activity in an order-driven market. Our finding reveals that exogenous restriction of displayed depth, up to several best quotes, does not benefit market performance. On the contrary, endogenous restriction of displayed quote depth, by means of iceberg orders, improves market quality in multiple dimensions: it reduces average transaction costs, maintains higher liquidity and moderate volatility, balances the limit order book, and enhances price discovery.     

封闭式基金的市场流动性研究

本文在给出一个改进流动性指标的基础上 ,利用该指标对封闭式基金的市场流动性进行了分析。研究发现 :封闭式基金市场流动性不存在周内效应 ,周内也无显著的变动模式 ;封闭式基金流通股本规模对市场流动性有显著影响 ,市场偏好次小盘基金 ;封闭式基金市场流动性总体上对基金折价没有显著影响。     

Retail investors’ trading and stock market liquidity

The paper investigates the relation between retail investors’ participation in trading and aggregate stock market liquidity. The findings show a positive and significant relation between retail investors’ trading and stock market liquidity. Examination of the determinants of retail investors’ trading reveals that, on average, retail investors with more diversified trading activity tend to trade when liquidity is higher, the frequency of their arrival to the market is not affected by the level of liquidity, and retail investors are willing to trade at a lower liquidity level as sellers than as buyers. Moreover, retail investors’ trading does not create price noise at the aggregate market level. Overall, the evidence suggests that retail investors contribute to market quality.     

中国股市日内流动性效应分析——基于高频数据的流动性度量、特征及其影响因素

本文归纳了流动性刻画维度和度量指标,选取不同规模和价位股票的高频数据作样本,吸收Amivest流动性比率计算原理,设定价格对交易量变动的敏感性为流动性度量指标,分析股票日内交易特征和流动性影响因素。结果发现：日内模式价格变动呈仰卧“F”形,交易量呈仰卧“E”形,而非传统的“L”或“U”型;日内交易模式、股票规模和股票价位均影响着股票流动性;日内模式异动时间内,股票流动性差;大规模股票流动性强;高价股流动性差。     

How does HFT activity impact market volatility and the bid-ask spread after an exogenous shock? An empirical analysis on S&P 500 ETF

In this paper, we empirically analyse infra-second datasets of the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (specifically, the ETF of the S&P 500 exchanged on BATS, named SPY.Z) in order to explain how high-frequency trading (HFT) activities (aggressive and passive) impact market volatility and the bid-ask spread before and after an exogenous shock (i.e., the 2016 US presidential election). Using SPDR S&P 500 ETF datasets as a proxy for the market on regular volume trading days (November 3, 2016) and on high-volume trading days (November 9, 2016), we show that HFT, on average, has a disturbing action mainly on regular volume trading days, whereas on high-volume trading days, it appears to have a stabilizing effect by balancing both the volatility and bid-ask spread. That is, HFT as a whole has a more neutral impact on the market’s volatility and bid-ask spread than the single aggressive and passive components. In fact, aggressive HFT has a consistent negative effect that increases, on average, both the volatility and bid-ask spread, whereas passive HFT displays a positive effect that decreases, on average, the volatility and bid-ask spread.