菌渣在蓝莓基质调控中的应用研究

以菌渣为主要调控物质,与草炭、沼渣和菜园土混合,形成3种不同的混合基质,以菜园土为对照,进行蓝莓伯克利的调控栽培.在对基质理化性状分析和蓝莓营养生长指标的分析的基础上,为菌渣应用于蓝莓栽培调控提供技术依据.     

基于沼渣的育苗基质配方对水稻生理指标的影响

分别采用沼渣与苗床土配比1:2,1:3,1:4,1:7,1:10育苗基质开展水稻育苗试验,检测水稻苗期与整个生长期内叶中丙二醛MDA、根系活力的变化情况。试验结果表明五种添加沼渣的基质配方对水稻各个生长期丙二醛及根系活力的影响较显著,当沼渣与床土比例为1:4,水稻苗期MDA含量为1.2%,水稻各项生理指标较好。     

沼气发酵残余物的综合利用

沼渣作肥料 从沼气池底部直接取出的沼渣，其固体含量在10％左右，可以作肥料直接施用，也可以在冬季作基肥施用，每亩的施用量为1000-2000公斤，对当季作物有良好的增产效果。沼渣出池后，一般先在猪粪池中堆沤5-7天再施用。若沼渣与化肥配合施用．能够取长补短、提高肥效、避免连续大量施用化肥对土壤结构的破坏。     

沼渣棉籽壳混合高效栽培平菇

经过沼气池厌氧发酵的沼渣，含有丰富的氮、磷、钾和多种矿物元素，养分丰富而全面。沼渣与平菇栽培料的养分含量相近，且杂菌少，十分适合平菇的生长。现将这一技术介绍如下：     

沼渣栽培蘑菇

一、栽培技术要点 1．沼渣准备 沼渣须在9月中下旬出池沥干，趁天晴将沼渣摊薄曝晒，去除未腐熟好的长残渣，曝晒时间应掌握沼渣湿度，以手紧捏指缝有水而不下滴为宜。经处理的沼渣，按其重量加入1％熟石膏粉、1％磷酸钙及0．5％尿素备用。     

沼渣栽培蘑菇的技术要点

一、栽培技术要点 1.沼渣准备：沼渣须在9月中下旬出池沥干，趁天晴将沼渣摊薄曝晒，去除未腐熟好的长残渣，曝晒时间应掌握沼渣湿度，以手紧捏指缝有水而不下滴为宣。经处理的沼渣，按其重量加入1％熟石膏粉、1％磷酸钙及0．5％尿素备用。     

怎样利用沼肥种柑桔和梨

沼肥是沼气发酵后的剩余物,如沼渣和沼液,是一种营养丰富,迟速效兼备的肥料。在柑桔上施用沼肥,可使柑桔甜度提高0.5～1度.增产10%～30%。定植1～2年的柑桔幼树,每株年施沼液100公斤或根部沟施沼渣50公斤。春、夏、秋三梢肥应重施,每株施沼渣10公斤,另辅以适量磷、钾肥。3～5年试果和初挂果树,每年重点施好3次肥,1、花前肥:2月下旬至3月上旬施,施肥量占全年施肥总量的25%,每株施沼渣25公     

农作物与食用菌可开发利用的十种高效模式

一、农作物→食用菌→农作物即用农作物秸秆栽培食用菌;收获食用菌后的菌渣还田作肥料。二、农作物→食用菌→沼气→农作物即用农作物秸秆栽培食用菌;菌生产沼气;沼水沼渣还田作肥料。三、农作物→食用菌→猪→农作物即用农作物秸秆栽培食用菌;菌渣加工成菌糠饲料养猪;猪粪还田作肥料。四、农作物→食用菌→猪→沼气→农作物即用农作物秸秆栽培食用菌;菌糠饲料养猪;猪粪生产沼气;沼水沼渣还田作肥料。五、农作物→食用菌→鸡→农作物即用农作物秸秆栽培食用菌;菌糠饲料养鸡;鸡粪还田作肥料。六、农作物→食用菌→蚯蚓→鸡→农作物即用农作物…     

如何用沼渣栽培平菇

备料取充分腐熟的沼渣,用薄膜覆盖,以防害虫在沼渣上产卵,沥水24小时备用。选择新鲜无霉变的棉壳,翻晒1～2天。配料按沼渣60%、棉壳40%,或者沼渣70%、棉壳30%配料,先将棉壳用水拌湿,然后与沼渣拌匀。含水量以手捏有水滴,但不滴下为宜。     

沼渣综合利用技术

沼渣除了含有丰富的氮、磷、钾等大量元素外，还含有对作物生长起重要作用的硼、铜、铁．锰、锌等微量元素，是一种非常好的有机肥。现将沼渣的综合利用技术介绍如下：     

Economics of an Integrated Manurial Biogas and Protein Recovery System for Beef Cattle

Fermentation of livestock manure for the production of biogas is not economically viable given current and prospective energy prices, as long as the residue from the fermentation process is used on agricultural land as a source of crop nutrients. An alternative use of the residue is to separate out the solid fraction for use as a source of protein and minerals for livestock. This alternative was evaluated for a commercial beef feedlot in Ontario, and was found to provide attractive returns using feed replacement values for the residue solids, even when a zero value was attributed to the biogas, and when real interest rates reached 7 percent. Economies of size were also found.     

储备花生油氧化稳定性及品质研究

研究了储备花生油的氧化稳定性及品质变化。结果表明，氮气体系中花生油最稳定，适于推广。氧化变质的花生油中脂肪酸组成总体变化很小，SFA和MUFA的含量稍有增大，PUFA逐渐减少。而添加抗氧化剂有利于提高花生油的稳定性。合成抗氧化剂效果优于天然抗氧化剂，复合抗氧化剂效果优于单一抗氧化剂。     

Forcing Germany's renewable energy targets by increased energy crop production: A challenge for regulation to secure sustainable land use practices

According to European and German energy policies, the proportion of energy crops is to increase significantly in the coming years to meet the ambitious goals for renewable energies. Stimulated by the German Renewable Act (EEG), this has lead to a strong increment of energy crop, cultivation, especially maize for biogas production. The increased cultivation of energy crops can lead to severe negative impacts on ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, there is a necessity for a better regulation of bioenergy production. In our paper, we analyze possible impacts of an increased biomass production on ES and look at instruments to better regulate energy crop cultivation in Germany. We assess legal instruments, the EEG, how spatial planning might contribute for a better steering and in which way the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union influences framing practices in energy crop cultivation. It can be stated that the steering effects of many legal instruments are extremely weak to secure sustainability and ES. We can demonstrate that there is a necessity for precise minimum standards to be applied effectively at the local level. Also there is a strong need for tools and instruments to gain a spatial dimension for regulating bioenergy production.     

经济发展视觉下建水县农村沼气建设对策探讨

对农村来说,沼气不仅是一种可再生能源,也是新能源建设的重要内容。农村发展沼气不仅能减小环境压力,还能减少对森林资源的砍伐、破坏,在改善农民生活质量的同时促进农业发展、推动农村经济增长。以建水县为探讨对象,从其农村沼气建设现状入手,分析经济发展视觉下建水县沼气建设存在的问题,并提出相应的发展对策。     

我国农业大中型沼气工程发展现状、存在问题与对策措施

该文分析了我国处理农业废弃物大中型沼气工程建设数量、产气量、区域分布及沼气工艺类型等方面的发展现状,总结了我国沼气工程发展中存在的主要问题,提出了加快我国大中型沼气工程发展的对策措施。     

Towards a sustainable capacity expansion of the Danish biogas sector

Promotion of bioenergy production is an important contemporary topic around the world. Vast amounts of research are allocated towards analysing and understanding bioenergy systems, which are by nature multi-faceted. Despite a focus on the deployment of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods for planning of bioenergy systems, only little research has addressed the location component of bioenergy facility planning. In this paper the authors develop a model for sustainable capacity expansion of the Danish biogas sector allowing for an identification and prioritization of suitable locations for biogas production. The model builds on a framework for spatial planning and decision making through the application of spatial multi-criteria evaluation (SMCE). The paper is structured around a case study including four Danish municipalities in order to demonstrate the power of the spatial multi-criteria evaluation model. The model allows a two level comparison of suitability, within municipalities as well as between municipalities. Criteria weights for generation of alternatives are obtained through an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) analysis, carried out among a group of Danish central governmental decision makers. We find that resource and production economic criteria are given highest priority followed by environmental and social criteria. In all four case study municipalities, the identified alternatives are compared through incorporating economic, environmental and social criteria. It is found that 4–6% of the municipal area is suitable for biogas facility location and among the best performing sustainable locations the potential of reducing overall production costs is 3% as compared with current biogas plants. The results of this paper can provide support to central governmental decision makers, regarding regional allocation of subsidies in the country. Likewise local decision makers can obtain important information for planning and decision support, allowing for a more inclusive and transparent planning procedure.     

江苏农村沼气建设的思考

随着现代农业和新农村建设的进一步推进,农村新能源建设取得了显著成效,沼气作为一项重要基础建设起到了推动作用。但在沼气推广和建设的过程中,发现江苏省农户建沼气的数量在不断增加,但使用率却很低,"建而不用"的现象值得反思。通过实地调查,该文分析了江苏省新能源建设的状况和沼气推广情况,分析沼气建设中存在的问题和推广欠佳的原因,最后提出了相关的政策建议。     

Feasibility of conservation agriculture in the Amu Darya River Lowlands,Central Asia

Human-driven land degradation threatens economic and environmental sustainability of irrigated agricultural production such as in Central Asia. Many current challenges can be eased by implementing Conservation Agriculture (CA), with however unknown financial consequences under the predominating irrigated conditions. We applied the linear programming to compare costs and benefits of four CA production systems, which are cotton-based rotation systems including (i) cotton-cotton and (ii) cotton-wheat-maize rotations under conventional tillage (CT), as well as (iii) cotton-cover crop-cotton, and (iv) cotton-wheat-maize rotations with mulch cover (crop residue retaining) and both rotations under permanent-bed planting (PB) with minimum tillage. All systems were subjected to six levels of land quality and a series of crop pricing schemes. Data were extracted from empirical research on CA in Uzbekistan, complemented with data on input and output prices from surveys. The findings underpinned the financial advantages of more diversified cropping systems (cotton-wheat-maize) over the crop monoculture (cotton-cotton-based system). Crop cultivation on marginal land was unprofitable under CT. In contrast, crop production under PB could generate profits even on croplands with a lower productivity level considered. It is argued that PB with crop residue retaining and applied in cotton-wheat-maize rotation shows most promise for improving crop yields and income.     

Landowners’ willingness to promote bioenergy production on wasteland − future impact on land use of cutaway peatlands

Landowners are the key players in bioenergy production on wasteland; such as cutaway peatlands. In this study, the landowner’s interest to use cutaway peatlands for bioenergy production was investigated using a survey and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) methods in an area in South Ostrobothnia, Finland. The focus was to identify which different bioenergy production chains are preferred by the respondents: combustion, gasification or biogas production from agriculture, energy-willow short-rotation forestry or forestry based energy crops. Also, the influence of personal environmental values on the selection was measured and the future impacts and barriers for the land use were assessed.Afforestation was the most popular after-use method among the landowners. The next most favorable method was energy crop cultivation but it was highly dependent on economic profitability and subsidies. Currently, approximately 8.2% or 500 ha of the total peat extraction area could be used for bioenergy production in the region by 2035. Based on the survey, forest based biomass is the best option if bioenergy is to be produced. The next choice was agro biomass and the least favored plant was willow. This study suggests that the biggest cutaway peatlands will be converted to forest energy in the future. Suggestive results were that the owners with high environmental values are especially interested in agro biomass growing and the landowner having a distant home place does not have a negative influence on bioenergy production. Altogether, land use and biomass production of cutaway peatlands is connected with the demands of the Finnish bio-economy.