Development in medical underwriting in Germany

Life insurance companies generate profits primarily with life insurance and disability protection. Individual risk assessment serves to avoid adverse selection. The assessment of medical risks is based generally on the classification requirements of the reinsurance companies. For this reason the reinsurers provide the primary insurance companies with classification manuals. The manuals from the reinsurers differ only slightly. By means of three examples (heart diseases, cancer and HIV) the development for the last 30 years of underwriting in medical risks is explained in this article.     

美国公司反收购战中毒丸计划的法律分析

公司反收购是现代公司控制权争夺过程中的必然现象，虽然有争议，但如果给予必要的法律约束，它对解决优化资源配置问题有巨大的促进作用。反收购措施起源于美国，美国历史上围绕收购与反收购的案例构成了美国反收购立法的重要组成部分。美国反收购实践展示了多种可能性，其中引人注目的是股东权利计划，又称“毒丸计划”，它已为我国的盛大网络公司对新浪公司的收购所采用，但在法理上股东权利计划并没有得到很好的研究和解释。本文主要针对美国公司反收购实践中的毒丸计划进行研究，从而论证毒丸计划在法律上的有效性。     

Learning in Public Organizations in 2010

The theme of this article is the future of learning in public organizations. It outlines a way of thinking that might underpin learning, and argues that, by the year 2010, public organizations could develop a radical approach to organizational learning that would make the concept more meaningful in their everyday practice. This approach is based on various shifts in the ways in which management is thought about and enacted. These changes are a movement away from the idea of 'the public manager' to a more relational notion: 'management in public'. The author explains what 'management in public' means, and discusses how it can be put into practice in order to transform learning in public organizations.     

3月并购:正常水平

并购是融资的一个重要途径,为了让读者了解国内外的并购形势,《国际融资》杂志和全球并购中心(并购公会)联合推出并购月数据报告,供读者参考     

Inequality in Mortality in Spain*

We analyse the evolution of mortality rates in Spain by age and gender between 1990 and 2018. We compare municipalities, ranked by socio‐economic status (SES) and grouped into bins of similar population size, to study changes not only in levels but also in inequality in mortality across the SES spectrum. We document large decreases in mortality rates throughout the period for all age groups, including children, even after 2000, and continuing after the Great Recession. These declines are stronger for boys and men, who had higher mortality rates to begin with. We find that inequality in mortality across municipalities was low among the young by 2018, while it was higher among adult men and older women. Inequality in fact increased over the period for older men. We explore the role of different causes of death and find that this increase in inequality is driven by stronger improvements in cancer‐related mortality among men living in richer areas. These improvements are not found among women, given their increases in mortality due to lung cancer.     

Accountant stereotypes in movies distributed in North America in the twentieth century

We examine the accountant’s image in popular cinema, an influential medium that reflects and shapes social attitudes. After coding 168 characters on 41 characteristics, we use factor analysis to reduce these data to six factors and cluster analysis to identify five stereotypes: Dreamer, Plodder, Eccentric, Hero and Villain. Over time we find an increase in the representation of females, ethnic minorities, CPAs and CAs as movie accountants. Characters with CPAs or CAs are more likely to be Heroes than any other stereotype.     

农村信用社内部人控制问题突破路径

中国农村信用社普遍存在内部人控制问题,导致在"花钱买机制"的改革中法人治理结构的完善难于取得突破性进展.本文分析突破农信社内部人控制问题的难点,认为现行改革方案存在对制度演进的方向预见不足和对完善法人治理结构的长期性估计不足两方面的问题.从激励和约束两方面提出了农信社内部人控制问题的突破路径:确立渐进改革思路,分两步完成控制权的转换;加强金融立法,注重执行层面的政策设计;实施股权激励和"金色降落伞"计划;加强治理文化建设;强化监管,增大法人治理结构完善过程中的保障力量.     

会计师事务所发展应实施的三大战略

加入WTO以后,我国的注册会计师业务将逐步对外开放,允许国外注册会计师和会计师事务所来华从事会计师业务。这对我国的注册会计师和会计师事务所来说既是机遇又是挑战。一方面,国外的会计师和会计师事务所进来,可以带来国际通行的会计准则、先进的操作方法、经营理念以及一定的客户。另一方面,中国的会计师事务所也可以吸收国外的优秀人才、加强与国外的合作,做大做强,走向世界。因此即将开放的注册会计师业务将使国内会计师事务所面临重新整合的战略发展机遇期。 实施做大做强战略我国的会计师事务所相对国际四大会计师…     

落户德国"二板"

1997年3月10日,德国交易所股份公司设立的证券主板市场之外的二板市场"新市场"正式启动."新市场"启动后,显示出了强大的生命力,并日益成为德国证券业的支柱之一.由于越来越多的新经济类企业在此挂牌上市,使新市场不断膨胀,虽然人们目前还不能确定它未来的地位是否替代主板市场--由30个德国最大企业组成的德国达克斯市场,但它与达克斯并驾齐驱日趋明显.