引进外资对西部地区对外贸易的影响——以新疆地区为例

新疆是我国西部地区开展对外经贸合作的重要省份,也是建设"一带一路"合作战略的重要枢纽。研究该地区外商投资和进出口贸易的关系,对于西部地区制定合理的利用外资政策和进出口贸易战略具有重要的参考价值。本文在明确了新疆在西部对外经贸中的重要枢纽作用的基础上,分析了新疆在引进外商直接投资和开展进出口贸易方面的优势及特点,并结合对2001-2013年相关数据的实证分析结果,提出了西部地区可通过引进外资促进对外贸易的几点建议。     

农行国际贸易融资浅析

一、农业银行国际贸易融资业务现状农业银行的国际业务是顺应我国改革开放和世界经济一体化的趋势而发展起来的。８０年代末９０年代初在沿海开放地区及部分内陆地区三级行相继成立了国际业务部门，全面开办外汇业务，服务对象主要是外商投资企业及一部分有进出口贸易的中资企     

“三资”企业忧思录

改革开放以来,我国利用外资取得了巨大成绩。雨后春笋般的“三资”企业以其资金、技术和管理三大优势,对我国经济,尤其是沿海开放地区经济的快速发展起了不可低估的推动作用。目前我国已兴办“三资”企业近10万家,1993年外商投资企业进出口总值为670.7亿美元,占我国全部进出口总值的     

中国农产品贸易结构变化的成因分析

在经济全球化和贸易一体化的驱动下,各国家和地区间的经贸往来越来越密切,农产品贸易作为世界贸易的重要组成部分也必然受着国际市场的深刻影响。论文从农产品总体贸易结构特征入手,认识中国农产品进出口贸易结构的分布及演变特征,并对影响农产品贸易结构变化成因进行了具体分析。     

福建省高新技术产品进出口贸易的特征与应对策略

"十一五"期间,福建高新技术产品进出口在贸易规模、贸易差额、贸易增速、商品结构、贸易主体以及市场分布方面都有自身显著的特征,这些特征既反映了近年来福建高新技术产品对外贸易的发展,同时也折射出福建高新技术产品进出口在贸易规模、贸易结构、贸易竞争力、贸易环境等方面存在的问题。为此,可以依靠提高自主创新能力、调整产业结构、提升外商投资质量以及推动贸易市场多元化等途径,来促进高新技术产品对外贸易的发展。     

中国银行为外向型经济发展做贡献

在我国改革开放、国民经济迅猛发展的进程中,中国银行凭借其信誉卓著、实力雄厚和熟悉国际金融市场的优势,为外商投资企业融通资金,为外国投资者创造良好商机,为我国对外进出口贸易和外向型经济事业提供多方位的服务。在为国民经济的发展作出贡献的同时,中国银行自身...     

进出口贸易对生产率、收入、环境的门限效应——基于1992—2010年我国省际人均GDP的非线性面板模型

本文基于1992—2010年我国省际面板数据,构建单一或双重门限模型,对进出口贸易影响生产率、收入和环境的基于人均GDP门限特征进行检验。模型结果显示了主要贸易变量对主要宏观变量的影响效应存在基于人均GDP的门限特征。研究建议,1东部地区应拓展贸易空间以提升产业核心竞争力,西部地区应引进关键设备和先进技术以促进当地产出效率;2应实现居民收入增长和贸易发展同步;3应在不违反环境规制的条件下推动进出口贸易。     

苏州外资企业:加工贸易的一片沃土

改革开放以来，苏州始终不渝地坚持和实施外向带动发展战略，使苏州的外向型经济得到迅速发展。“九五”期间，苏州外贸进出口年平均增长30.7%，累计引进合同外资300多亿美元。2001年度，外贸进出口总额为236.7亿美元，其中出口总额为l23亿美元。外商投资企业的出口额达97.1亿美元，占出口总额的78.9%。全市加工贸易出口额达9l亿美元，其中外商投资企业的加工贸易占97.7%。所以，外商投资企业的加工贸易已成为苏州外贸出口的重要组成部分。这种无税经营的贸易方式已经被以出口生产为主的外商投资企业广泛采用。外商投资企业开展加工贸易是让…     

FDI对我国国际贸易影响的区域性差异分析

FDI影响我国国际贸易有两种途径:第一,外资企业直接参与国际贸易,从而影响国际贸易;第二,通过溢出效应等途径对包括内资企业在内的整体国际贸易产生作用.本文沿着这两种路径.首先对我国东、中、西三个区域内的外商投资企业的进出口情况进行了分析.然后.利用回归分析的方法,就各区域内砌对当地进出口的整体影响进行了系统分析.最后,根据分析结果并结合当前经济形势,从贸易平衡等角度对今后我国利用外资提出了建议.     

内外资企业进出口贸易与中国经济增长关系的实证分析

一、理论分析及模型的建立大量的跨国实证分析中发现,贸易开放与经济增长是正相关的:贸易引进了国际竞争,使得企业向世界上的先进管理方法、技术看齐;贸易使企业的产品生产和研发具有国际视角,强化其竞争力;技术含量高的资本品进口可以直接推动技术扩散;开放经济能够促使经济和政治制度的改革,提高市场效率,降低市场交易成本。改革开放以来,作为FDI载体的外商投资企业在中国对外进出口贸易中的占比越来越大,而其在国民经济中的地位也显得越来越重要;但对于FDI对经济增长的作用,学术界目前存在不同的看法。同时,内资企业在外商投资企业发…     

THE PRELIMINARY AND FINAL FIGURES OF THE DANISH NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

This paper compares preliminary estimates (available about four months after the close of the period to which they refer) with final estimates (available three years after the close of the period) for certain national accounting aggregates and some of their major components. It concludes that preliminary estimates are consistently low for gross domestic product, exports, and public consumption, whereas imports, private consumption, and gross capital formation may be either low or high. The best early estimates, in the sense of closest to the final figures, are those for gross domestic product, imports, and exports.     

LABORS INFLUENCE ON THE BALANCE OF THE USA'S MERCHANDISE ACCOUNTS

The results found here indicate that American labor does influence importantly the level of imports and exports of manufactures in the US. In particular, imports tend to be lower and exports tend to be higher in those industries in which higher skilled American workers are used more abundantly. Moreover, labor efficiency and productivity also influence inversely the level of imports and directly the level of exports.     

中国进口商品结构 及与贸易伙伴的关系研究

本文在对230种制成品按技术含量分类的基础上,利用最新的数据计算了中国进口技术结构的历史变迁与现状、19个国家和地区向中国的出口结构以及中国与贸易伙伴的相互依赖关系。研究结果表明：在1995-2011年期间,低技术含量制成品、中等技术含量制成品在中国进口中所占份额下降,初级制成品、资源型制成品、高技术含量制成品所占份额上升,高技术含量制成品早在2000年之前就超过中等技术含量制成品成为了中国第一大进口商品;不同类型国家及地区向中国出口的商品类型不同,它们在中国进口中的地位也不同;中国与日本、韩国、中国台湾之间的相互依赖关系都比较大,中国与美国、德国、法国、荷兰的相互依赖度比较小,中国进口对发展中大国、新兴发展中国家及地区的依赖程度都小于这些国家及地区出口对中国的依赖程度,中国是发展中大国、新兴发展中国家及地区的主要出口国。总的来说,中国对外贸易进口的发展具有共享性、包容性,不仅带动了发展中国家及地区的出口,还促进了发达国家的出口。     

THE IMPACT OF TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT POLICIES ON TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND SOURCING OF CHINESE FIRMS

How do trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) policies impact the decisions of firms in technology adoption (process vs. product innovations) and sourcing (internal vs. external and foreign vs. domestic)? We use a sample of Chinese firms to address this question. China's trade and FDI policies lead to different forms of internationalization: ordinary exports, processing exports, majority FDI, and minority FDI. We find that both exporting and FDI stimulate process innovation; ordinary exports, processing exports, and FDI have strong, weak, and no effects on stimulating product innovation, respectively. Exporting firms source technologies both internally through R&D and externally from foreign and domestic sources. FDI firms have a lower tendency of internal technology development and domestic technology sourcing, but a much higher tendency of foreign technology sourcing than exporting firms. (JEL F13, F23, O32)     

外商在华直接投资区域聚集非均衡性的实证研究

新贸易理论认为,国际贸易是技术进步的重要原因。本文采用DEA方法将中国32个工业行业的全要素生产率增长分解为技术效率和技术进步的增长,分别就出口和进口对生产率增长的影响作了实证分析。我们发现,在1998—2003年期间,工业行业的全要素生产率增长的原因主要是各行业的技术进步增长,而不是技术效率的提高;贸易开放度高的行业并不比贸易开放度低的行业具有更高的技术效率和规模效率;出口和生产率增长的关系不显著;但进口显著地促进了工业行业的全要素生产率增长和技术进步的增长。所以,调整中国的进、出口贸易模式显得很有必要。     

THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL CREDIT AS AN INSTRUMENT OF TRADE*

This paper is an investigation of the role of international credit as a factor influencing the donor Countries' exports. Based on standard techniques of microeconomic theory, our model examines this relationship under different market structures in the industrialized donor country (North). Under monopoly and perfect competition, the availability of credit increases the North's exports; under oligopoly, within a class of parametric configurations, this relationship is reversed. We also find that, under certain conditions, if a developing country (South) takes recourse to international credit to finance its imports, it would end up worse off, that is the availability of international credit can be welfare-decreasing for the borrowing nation.     

The Impact of Chinese Exports on Global Import Prices*

This paper evaluates the evidence bearing on the question of whether China's buoyant export growth has led to significant changes in the import prices, and thus inflation performance, of its trading partners. This evidence suggests that the impact of Chinese exports on global import prices has been, while non‐ negligible, fairly modest. We identify a statistically significant effect of US imports from China on US import prices, but given the size of this effect and the relatively low share of imports in US GDP, the ultimate impact on US consumer prices has likely been quite small. Moreover, imports from China had little apparent effect on US producer prices. Finally, using a multi‐country database of trade transactions, we estimate that, since 1993, Chinese exports lowered annual import inflation in a large set of economies by 0.25 percentage point or less on average.     

人民币升值对农产品进出口影响的实证分析

人民币升值直接影响的是农产品的进出口贸易价格,不一定会显著影响农产品的进出口贸易额。利用偏自相关函数(PACF)和互相关函数(CCF)方法进行实证分析,我们可以看到:(1)人民币缓慢的升值速度给进出口商提供了充足的调整时间;(2)我国进出口农产品的价格弹性比较低,勉强超过ML条件的临界值;(3)由农业生产资源禀赋决定的农产品贸易格局很难改变;(4)人民币升值预期对农产品贸易产生的正向促进作用对冲了实际升值的滞后负面影响。由于这些原因,人民币的缓慢升值并没有对我国农产品贸易产生明显的冲击。     

EXCHANGE RATE PROBLEMS IN NATIONAL ACCOUNTING OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES*

Developing countries which typically have import surpluses and inflationary pressures because of insufficient savings are prone to use indirect taxes on imports (Tm) and subsidization of exports (Sx) in order to prevent deterioration of the balance of trade. If these substitutes for devaluation are included in the net indirect tax component of product at current market prices (Ym) the import surplus is likely to be understated, and Ym upward biased. This distortion will be avoided if imports and exports are measured at effective exchange rates (ER), that is, at official rates (OR) plus Tm and Sx respectively, and if (Tm - Sx) is deducted from the net indirect tax component of Ym. Only in this manner become imports and exports consistent with the other uses and resources at market prices and can be articulated with them. At base-year prices the volume index of product at OR diverges from that of ER to the degree that the composition of imports and exports in regard to tax and subsidy rates computed ad valorem significantly changes. Such a case is similar to that of the price indexes of imports and exports moving in diverging proportions: the trade balance at base-year prices will differ from that at current prices. The resulting discrepancies in national accounts have led to proposals of deflating, for example, exports by the price index of imports. Suchlike approaches are incompatible with the principle of national accounting that prices are supposed already to measure substitution values. Deflating exports by import prices means reintroducing substitution values, as does, for example, deflation of incomes by a consumer price index. Correspondingly, since the trade balance at ER conceptually expresses the value of imports at domestic market prices as compared to the corresponding domestic market value of exports, and if at ER the trade balance diverges from that at OR, the former balance has an important meaning (as has the trade balance at base-year prices as compared to that at current prices) and the resulting discrepancy between the two measures should not be removed merely for the sake of accounting smoothness. In contrast to the market price approach, the measurement of product at base-year factor cost is indifferent to the measurement of the trade balance at ER and at OR. It is, therefore, proposed in countries in which part of import taxation and export subsidization substitutes for devaluation, to record imports and exports in the national accounts at effective exchange rates, and to correct the net indirect tax component of product correspondingly. Imports and exports at official exchange rates should be shown within the balance of payments, and the latter separately as a memorandum item.     

中国制造业企业500强集中度变化特征及其区域效应分析

通过对1990年代中期以来中国工业(制造业)企业500强的相关数据分析,揭示出中国制造业企业一般集中度和地理集中度的变化特征,总结了新时期中国制造业企业聚集的区域模式。研究发现:①中国制造业企业整体处于行业不断集中的趋势,但也出现过集中度下降的现象;②中国制造业企业500强不断向东部地区集聚,其内部集中与扩散现象并存;③可将中国制造业企业分布归入7大经济区域,并表现出与地区经济发展态势相对一致的特征。