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There were many lessons learned in this experiment; among them: that change efforts must be systemwide and must be directed at those problems which represent the greatest barriers to change. While this project failed, the authors find and spell out the conditions in which it could have been an adequate vehicle. 相似文献
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Eugene Seneta 《Revue internationale de statistique》2003,71(2):319-334
In the 19th century, causes of empirically observed stability of averages in settings relating to human behaviour were a topic of intense discussion in western Europe. This followed an extensive study of empirical stability by the founder of modern statistics (and of the International Statistical Institute) L.A.J. Quetelet, published in 1835, in what he called "Social Physics". The eminent mathematician of strong probabilistic and philosophical inclination and Russian Orthodox religious belief, P.A. Nekrasov, took up and modified Quetelet's Social Physics in 1902, with (social) independence seen as prime cause of statistical regularity. Our paper focuses on the role free will plays in the statistical writings of Quetelet and of Nekrasov. The work of the latter has remained little known in general, mainly for politico-ideological reasons. 相似文献