移动用户目标系统中基于拍卖模型的信道资源分配

为了提高卫星通信信道的频谱利用率,从卫星通信中的认知无线电技术出发,简述了当前认知卫星研究现状。针对移动用户目标系统（Mobile User Objective System,MUOS）的特殊通信环境,提出了插空式（overlay）频谱共享方式下基于拍卖模型的认知卫星信道分配方式,并建立了收益公式。同时,引入星上频谱共享干扰公式来计算认知用户对系统造成的影响,并代入收益公式以计算认知技术给系统带来的收益大小;之后给出模拟通信环境参数,利用Matlab进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,认知用户的加入虽会使主用户通信质量略有下降,但使系统总体收益呈上升趋势。     

一种新的认知无线电非合作功率控制博弈算法

当认知无线电网络以"衬底式"(Underlay)的方式与主用户网络共享频谱时,需要对认知用户进行功率控制,以确保认知用户在不干扰主用户的前提下,公平地共享认知频谱资源。利用博弈分析的方法,设计了一个基于链路增益因子的代价函数,并据此提出了一种新的非合作功率控制博弈算法。仿真结果表明,该算法的均衡结果既改善了用户的帕累托(Pareto)性能,又提高了链路增益较差的用户的吞吐量,实现了网络资源的平等共享。     

认知无线网络中基于业务区分的自适应MAC协议

为了提高认知用户的接入效率,同时兼顾其QoS需求,提出了一种应用于认知无线网络的基 于业务区分的自适应MAC协议。对不同业务采取 不同的最优频谱检测时间,实时业务(RT)以最小化接入时延为目的确定最优的 频谱检测时间,而非实时用户(NRT)则以最大化吞吐率为目标确定最佳的频 谱检测时间。根据所确定出的最佳频谱检测时间,结合当前的业务到达速率和调度策略,不 同业务以时隙Aloha的方式接入空闲频谱。理论分析和仿真表明,所提出的自适应MAC协议能 够自适应地为认知用户的不同业务确定最优频谱检测时间,从而有效地提高频谱使用效率, 保证不同业务的QoS需求。     

认知无线电频谱合作检测技术

认知无线电通过灵活地感知环境的变化,探测暂时末被使用的频谱孔,为未授权用户提供接入机会,大大地提高了频谱利用率,被认为是当前解决频带使用拥挤的最佳方案。频谱检测是认知无线电中极其重要的环节,目前频谱检测技术的研究主要包括两方面:非合作检测和合作检测。本文重点介绍认知无线电频谱检测的合作检测方式、系统模型、监测协议、检测机理及常用的检测算法等,并总结了目前频谱检测技术中有待解决的一些关键问题和技术。     

基于Stackelberg博弈的动态频谱接入控制

为了解决多主用户和多次级用户共存网络的频谱资源分配问题,提出了一种基于斯塔科尔伯格（Stackelberg）博弈的动态频谱接入控制算法。该算法通过三阶段Stackelberg博弈模拟主用户频谱竞价,博弈过程中次级用户以最大化传输速率为目的接入主用户频谱,同时设计了一种迭代过程来求解纳什均衡。实验计算与结果分析证明了纳什均衡唯一存在性的充要条件,并说明了迭代过程的收敛性以及主用户最佳效用的影响因素。     

多用户MIMO系统中基于博弈论的鲁棒性功率分配

针对多用户多输入多输出（MU-MIMO）天线系统,提出了一种基于非合作博弈论的功率分配方案。此博弈模型中,以用户在系统中的信号泄漏噪声比值（SLNR）作为用户功率分配和公平性参数设置的依据,保证用户所期望的服务质量和公平性,并证明了纳什均衡的存在性。其次,考虑信道估计误差的影响,提出了一种基于滑动模型的迭代功率分配控制算法满足所有用户的最小通信质量要求。仿真结果显示此方案在信道误差的情况下,相比现有方案可提高系统吞吐量。     

认知中继网络中基于频谱感知的自适应功率控制策略

针对采用联合overlay和underlay频谱共享模式的认知中继网络,基于频谱感知结果和干扰信道条件,提出了自适应功率控制策略,从理论上分析了次用户的中断概率。通过Monte-Carlo仿真,与单一overlay或underlay频谱共享模式和固定功率控制方案下次用户的中断性能进行了比较。仿真结果表明,采用自适应功率控制方案,在相同中断概率条件下,次用户对主用户的干扰概率降低了70%~80%;在相同干扰概率条件下,次用户的中断概率降低了1~2个数量级,频谱共享性能得到了有效提高。     

一种贪婪的异构多信道并行合作频谱感知方法

为了同时对多个异构信道进行有效地合作频谱感知,并克服现有方法中只考虑检测准确性而忽略感知开销和系统效益,忽略不同认知用户对不同异构信道感知性能的差异以及参与合作感知的认知用户较多等问题,提出了一种贪婪的异构多信道并行合作频谱感知方法。根据对感知开销和传输收益的定义,充分考虑不同认知用户对不同异构信道感知性能的差异,利用贪婪算法在多个认知用户和多个异构信道间最优地进行感知任务分配,使总系统效益最大。仿真结果表明,所提方法与基于迭代匈牙利的并行合作频谱感知方法、改进的基于迭代匈牙利的并行合作频谱感知方法和随机的合作频谱感知方法相比,能够获得较高的总系统效益,且所需的参加合作感知的认知用户数较少。     

基于寡头定价的动态频谱接入控制

为了解决频谱接入中主用户和次级用户交互信息过程复杂的问题,提出了一种基于寡头定价的动态频谱接入控制算法。该算法利用博弈论建立寡头定价模型,通过控制次级用户的频谱接入过程以实现系统收益的最大化,算法只需一次用户信息交互,且无需建立公共控制信道,网络拓扑结构简单。通过比较帕累托最优与全局最优的关系,实验计算与性能分析证明了该算法的有效性。     

空间复用认知无线电系统信道选择优化

在异构认知网络中,认知用户相对于主用户空间位置的不同可能提供空间复用的频谱接入机会,且空间复用的机会受限于干扰容限。首先引入用户空间位置干扰图,度量干扰和评估空间复用机会,在此基础上讨论了基于空间复用的系统吞吐量优化问题,并借助博弈论求解一组最优信道选择集合,主要工作是证明了该博弈问题是至少具有一个纯策略纳什均衡的精确势能博弈,且纳什均衡点是上述优化问题的最优解。最后,数值仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,同时证明考虑认知用户位置带来的空间复用后,系统吞吐量显著增加,有效提高了频谱利用率。     

Public Financial Expenditure——A Reflection of the Livelihood Improvement

In recent years.China's public finance put social construction high on the agenda and attaches more importance on livelihood insurance and improvement.The 2003-2007 public financial expenditure reflects a fact that the government isputting more emphasis on livelihood andissues concerning the people.     

Voices from the MPC and CPPCC

"Crucial for economic growth.energy utilization has its role in all economic sectors and every aspect of people's daily life.Now we are in dire need of a new profession,namely energy manager.We not only need to have passion and responsibility,but also a scientific approach to conserve energy and cut emissions.APpropriate legislation should be in place.and a special profession should be introduced to ensure the implementation of these laws and regulations."     

Slowdown Trade Surplus Growth

According to Ma Kai＇s economic planning report submitted to the NPC session on March 5th,（Ma Kai is the Minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission）,the government has listed the slowdown in trade surplus growth and the steady expansion of external investment as major tasks for 2008.     

Ouyang Riping： A Hero Besides Entrepreneur

A bout fifty years ago. a baby＇s cry broke the sky of quietness, in a small and beautiful town of Hunan province, which surroundcd by green hills and clear water. Though his .birth brought his family great happiness and hope just as any new life, nobody knew that the little boy would get great achievement when he grow up. even start his business oversea, and earn international honor. Let＇s share with you the entrepreneur Ouyang Riping＇s story, which may insights thcsc people who want to succeed and complete oneself in favorite condition or adversity rather leave things to so-called fate.     

Belarus, A Chinese Fort in Europe

＂In recent years, we＇ve found increasing interest from Chinese investors in the Belarus economy. Please let China know, Belarus is always ready to be a true friend to China. We have built a fort in Europe for China,＂ the President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko told Zhou Xiaochuan, President of the Bank of China, during his visit to the capital of Minsk, on January 8th, he expressed his high praise and firm confidence in the development of Sino-Belarusian relations.     

What＇s Behind Spring Festival？

Similar to what the Christmas Day means for the westerners,the Spring Festival is the most important celebration for Chinese people.This big event according to Chinese traditional lunar calendar relaxes and pleases the whole country as the happiest gathering time of the year.National-wide crusade for going back home,too-difficult-to-get train tickets,generous family-going-out shopping,Miaohui laundering,New Year Eve reunion dinner,visiting friends and relatives,watching annual TV gala......each piece of clue reminds us of the smell of Chinese Spring Festival.     

KEY WDRDS for Foreign Investment in China

FDI(Foreign Direct Investment),a component of a country's national financlal accounts,is investment of foreign assets into domestic structures,equipment,and organizations.It does not include foreign investment into the stock markets,concession and subcontract.FDI iS thought to be more useful to a country than investments in the equity of its companies because equity investments are potentially "hot money"which can leave at the first sign of trouble,whereas FDI is durable and generally useful whether things go well or badly.     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Consumption, New Protagonist in 2007 GDP

Not long ago, the National Bureau of Statistics released its 2007 Macro Economy Index. Social consumption retail sales reached RMB 8.9 billion, increased by 16.8 percent over the previous year, or 3.1 percentage points higher; the whole investment in social fixed assets was valued RMB 13.7 billion, a year-on-year increase of 24.8 percent, that is 0.9 percentage points higher; and trade surplus amounted to RMB 24.7 billion, rising by 47.7 percent compared with the same period last year, 26.3 percentage points falling over the increasing speed last year. According to preliminary estimates, GDP for the year was RMB 24.67 trillion, up by 11.4 percent from the previous year,