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1.
Empirical and public choice evidence for hyperbolic social discount rates and the implications for intergenerational discounting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The derivation of the correct discount rate for intergenerational projects in Cost Benefit Analysis is particularly contentious. Public choice has resulted in lower discretionary exponential discount rates for many intergenerational projects in Britain and the USA. This is shown to be strong indirect evidence that the true social discount rate may be a hyperbolic (rather than an exponential) function. There is also empirical evidence for this hypothesis. The hyperbolic nature of discounting is also a standard finding in the behavioural sciences. For intergenerational time frames hyperbolic discount rates should be employed together with exponential discount rates in cost-benefit sensitivity analyses.Sincere thanks to Maureen Cropper and Paul Portney for supplying their survey results and to Elaine Barrow and Phillip Judge for graphics assistance. Two anonymous referees also provided valuable comments. 相似文献
2.
This paper investigates the relationship between intergenerational asset transfers and the choice of the discount rate for use in cost-benefit analysis in a model of a competitive overlapping generations economy constrained by a socially managed exhaustible resource. Provided that there are no distortions in capital markets and that all agents hold perfect foresight, cost-benefit techniques will result in a Pareto efficient resource allocation if the discount rate is set equal to the market rate of interest. But since the path of the interest rate depends on the level of intergenerational transfers, cost-benefit techniques do not ensure a socially desirable distribution of welfare between generations; a social optimum will result only if intergenerational transfers are properly chosen and enforced. Decentralized private altruism may result in intergenerational transfers that both present and future individuals would agree are too small if members of the present generation attach positive weight to the general welfare of future generations, not simply their personal descendants. In a world where intergenerational transfers are non-optimal, second-best policy-making may imply a constrained optimum that is inefficient. Together, these findings suggest that cost-benefit analysis is at best a partial criterion to policy formulation that should be used only in conjunction with ethical principles that define the proper distribution of welfare between present and future generations. 相似文献
3.
投资者关系管理与股权融资成本——来自公司网站投资者关系管理的实证发现 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章以沪市2004年、2005年A股上市公司为研究样本,从信息披露与战略管理两个角度分析上市公司投资者关系管理对企业股权融资成本的影响,结果发现上市公司网站投资者关系指数(IIRI)与股权融资成本显著负相关,进一步检验交流信息质量指标对企业股权融资成本的影响,也发现同样的结果。这表明投资者关系管理活动,特别是加强与投资者之间的战略沟通确实能够起到降低股权融资成本的作用,从而为上市公司主动进行投资者关系管理、监管者推动投资者关系管理活动提供了证据支持。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2013,16(4):263-279
Despite widespread privatizations over the last three decades, public enterprises, as production units under government control, are still present in several countries and sectors. While the academic and political debate on the costs and benefits of privatization is vast, a focus on the rationale for public enterprises, from the standpoint of Social Cost Benefit Analysis, is missing. This paper aims at filling this gap and provides a normative discussion on public enterprises in a general equilibrium setting. The conditions under which public provision may be beneficial and the metrics for evaluating polices and projects under (a)symmetric information and (non)benevolent governments are presented in three welfare propositions. The main policy message points to the overall quality of institutions as a necessary pre-condition for socially desirable public enterprises. A sound institutional environment provides policy-makers with the correct incentives to design and implement meaningful policies even if public administrators adopt sub-optimal plans. Institutions should constrain self-interested policy-makers from disrupting the key welfare signals for policy adoption as well as for project appraisal, while bias in management is a relatively less important concern. 相似文献
5.
信息不对称与多元化折价关系研究——来自中国沪市上市公司的证据 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国外研究者一般认为,上市公司存在着多元化折价问题。对于我国上市公司而言,多元化折价现象是否存在以及多元化折价的影响因素有哪些,相关研究却很少。文章通过计算超额价值,发现我国上市公司也存在多元化折价现象,而信息不对称是导致多元化折价的主要因素。文章还发现,多元化扩张行为会导致信息不对称水平的上升,从而使多元化折价问题更为严重。 相似文献
6.
Woo-Sik Sohn 《Applied economics》2019,51(32):3436-3450
This paper is to forecast the Korean long-term social discount rate of carbon dioxide (SDRC) and the social cost of carbon dioxide (SCC). It is estimated using the Ramsey function, savings behavior, socio-economic standard, exponential function, expected value and so on. Our findings are as follows. First, the economics of future climate change can be determined using the SDRC. Second, the SDRC declines over time. Finally, forecast shows that the Korean SDRC declines over time and the Korean SCC increases over time. 相似文献
7.
金融市场不完全的理论分解与测度研究——基于中国封闭式基金折价的动态考察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于金融市场不完全的结构分解,文章构建了一个涵盖市场交易费用、套利定价机制不完备程度和行为金融学因素的封闭式基金折价机理模型,分阶段计量分析发现:(1)普通交易成本因素影响基金折价约6.1%;(2)2007年前股指期货缺位因素导致基金折价约25.6%,之后随着股指期货的正式推出该影响显著下降;(3)市场套利定价机制不完备程度测度表明,该因素影响基金平均折价三个阶段分别为8.26%、5.87%和7.91%;(4)时期固定效应表明,有5个季度因投资者情绪相对乐观而降低了基金的平均折价率。 相似文献
8.
中国在很长历史时期,货币并不统一。民间曾经可以自由发行纸币。民间发行之时,需要储备金属货币。储备比例根据市场的货币需求状况动态调整。运行这套机制需要非常严格的条件。这些条件包括:在纸币无法等值兑换金属货币时,发行机构要付出相应的流动性成本,以之约束其发行行为。此外,在自由竞争的前提下,民间发行机构也应具有一定规模,以便更好地应对挤兑危机。清末天津的贴水风潮说明:当时中国民间发行纸币在这两方面都有问题。解决这些问题,需要政府对于发行机构设置一定的门槛,同时以严格的制度保证纸币与金属货币等值兑换。 相似文献
9.
智能科技革命驱动的智能制造,是新时期推进制造强国建设的不二选项。智能制造以工业智能体取代人力作业,采用“车间智能体+镜像网络”的单要素虚实融合生产模式,这将带来迥异于传统制造业的生产特征和成本属性,进而改变成本函数形态。比较研究发现,智能制造具有“高固定成本、弱可变成本”属性,并据此推导出随产量弱增长的弱成本函数,以及相应产生的边际成本递减规律。智能制造边际成本递减律,主要源于智能制造的单要素虚实融合生产模式对可变成本的冲淡与弱化效应。从政策层面,建议有序开展智能制造系统的众筹建造模式,积极推行智能制造系统的产能共享模式,尽早谋划智能时代产业工人的全新就业模式,大力引导消费者不断介入生产活动,实现消费者向“消产者”的身份转变。 相似文献
10.
The Residency Discount for Rents in Germany and the Tenancy Law Reform Act 2001: Evidence from Quantile Regressions 下载免费PDF全文
Most countries show a residency discount in rents for sitting tenants. In the wake of strong rent increases and housing shortages, Germany implemented a reform in 2001 to curtail rent increases. Based on linked housing‐tenant data for Germany, this paper estimates panel OLS and quantile regressions of rents within tenancies. The results show that rents deflated by the CPI increase strongly from 1984 until the reform in 2001, and there is a reversal in the trend afterwards. Before the reform, there is a significant residence discount which decreases in absolute value with tenure. The reform reduces rents, in particular for expensive apartments and for new leases. There is no residency discount after the reform. 相似文献
11.
股权结构对股权代理成本的影响——来自中国上市公司的实证检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
股权代理成本可细分为两种:一是股东与经营者之间的利益矛盾而引起第一类股权代理成本;二是控股股东与中小股东之间的利益冲突而引起的第二类股权代理成本。在理论分析和研究假设基础之上,本文建立了两个回归模型来分别检验我国上市公司的股权结构对两类股权代理成本的影响,并提出通过调整和完善上市公司的股权结构来降低其股权代理成本的建议。 相似文献
12.
Young Wook Han 《International economic journal》2013,27(3):375-396
This paper characterizes the intraday dynamics of the high frequency US Dollar (USD)–Euro (EUR) and US Dollar (USD)–Japanese Yen (JPY) foreign exchange rates that have been subject to macroeconomic fundamentals. Even though the FIGARCH model with a normality assumption is found to be a good starting point, it appears to be inappropriate to represent the underlying movements of the high frequency returns due to the occurrences of jumps. Hence, this paper relies on the FIGARCH model with the mixture distribution that allows for the time-varying jumps that are determined by the US macroeconomic surprises. This paper generally finds that the US macroeconomic surprises are closely related to the intraday movements in the volatility process of the high frequency returns process through the jumps. In particular, the US macroeconomic surprises appear to affect the movements in the volatility process of the foreign exchange rates asymmetrically depending on the signs of the surprises and spuriously increasing the long memory persistence in the volatility process due to the jumps. 相似文献
13.
采用专项问卷调查数据,考虑到社会距离的代际传递问题,对Bogardus社会距离量表进行了改善,经过效度和信度检验后用于研究。外来人口与户籍人口之间存在不对称的社会距离;社会距离的代际传递是存在的,且个人社会距离与子女社会距离之间呈现对称性;仅引入人口变量进行社会距离影响因素分析的结果显示,职业、教育、婚姻对某种社会距离有显著影响,然性别、年龄、代际、户口性质的影响并不显著。此外,外来人口与户籍人口群体潜在的通婚可能性较低的问题,将在一定程度上阻碍城市居民间的融合。 相似文献
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15.
维护金融稳定是中央银行的一项基本职能,这决定了中央银行在金融危机救助中的主体地位.但中央银行的金融危机救助能力不是无限的,因为无论哪种救助措施都不是无成本的.文章通过成本-收益分析方法,考察了中央银行对金融危机救助的成本与收益,既包括直接成本与直接收益,又包括隐性成本与间接收益,并通过建立成本.收益模型,考察最优的中央银行金融危机救助应满足的条件,结合我国中央银行金融危机救助的实际,提出成本收益分析对我国的启示. 相似文献
16.
We revisit the widely discussed contribution of investment in ICT to economic growth, focusing on differences in productivity and quality of ICT across countries and time. In a growth accounting approach, we look at the way rates of return and rates of asset price decline measure these aspects. Conducting a sensitivity analysis with data from the EU KLEMS database for the years 1990–2007, we introduce a constant rate of return and a constant rate of ICT price decline. Both alternative measurements somewhat downplay the role investment played relative to growth in multifactor productivity in the U.K. and the U.S. during 1995–2000. Moreover, we show that more than half of the ICT contribution to labor productivity growth results from changes in capital quality and composition rather than from quantity. 相似文献
17.
Olof Johansson-Stenman 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2000,17(3):299-310
This paper discusses the use ofdistributional weights in CBA based on a generalBergson-Samuelson SWF. In particular it illustratessome consequences of applying a SWF characterized byconstant inequality aversion (which includes classicalutilitarianism as a special case), together with aconstant relative risk aversion utility function, whencalculating the damage costs of global warming. Itextends and clarifies earlier unintuitive results, andemphasizes that utility must be seen as fully cardinalin terms of levels in this context. In the specialcase of utilitarianism, on the other hand, it issufficient to be able to make interpersonalcomparisons of utility changes. 相似文献
18.
顾客资产管理视角下的顾客忠诚及其驱动因素研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在当今的顾客中心时代,顾客忠诚及其有效管理已经成为学术界和企业界共同瞩目的战略问题之一。关系营销与管理的深入发展和顾客资产管理学派的兴起.为企业更有效地管理顾客忠诚提供了新的思路。本文旨在以中国电信产业的发展与竞争现况为背景。从顾客资产管理的整合视角,探索顾客忠诚的关键维度及其驱动因素。同时.也对关系收益与转移成本在驱动顾客忠诚过程中的作用进行了理论剖析与实证研究。 相似文献
19.
影子价格对资源配置具有重要的指导意义。但是影子价格的定义方式通常与短期生产相联系,而长期生产多资源要素的变化往往被忽视。区分生产短、长期,通过方向导数来确定长期生产资源调整的影子价格。 相似文献