融资平台公司发行不动产投资信托基金的税收政策分析

在防范化解地方政府隐性债务风险背景下,不动产投资信托基金（REITs）为融资平台公司转型发展提供了新思路。REITs特有的税收激励机制决定了其充分发挥作用的前提是建立完善的配套税收政策。本文从融资平台公司发行REITs的运作流程入手,分析现行税收政策。为使税收政策更好地支持和引导融资平台公司参与REITs市场,本文建议降低REITs税收负担,重视税收政策对REITs结构安排的影响,实现主动经营的税收引导,以激发融资平台公司参与REITs市场的积极性,转变融资平台公司运营模式,化解地方政府隐性债务困境。     

公募REITs支持新型城镇化:机理、问题与对策

基础设施公募RE I Ts是改善城镇化投融资机制、盘活基础设施存量资金、防范化解城镇化债务风险的重要创新。但是,现行制度安排对REITs的税收中性、法律框架、市场流动性等中长期发展因素的考虑存在不足,这可能带来摊薄REITs产品投资收益、加大治理与监管成本、制约市场可持续发展等问题,亦对城镇化区域均衡发展产生不确定影响。建议在结合国外经验和中国国情的基础上,加快推动REITs税收优惠政策落地,研究制定“REITs管理条例”等法律体系,完善二级市场建设和流动性培育,优化基础设施公募REITs支持新型城镇化的空间布局。     

地方政府债务风险问题初步分析

随着工业化和城市化进程的不断加快,特别是2008年应对全球性金融危机以来,我国各级地方政府承担了大量显性和隐性债务,地方政府的债务风险也开始在一些地区显现,由于其潜在的风险很大,如不积极防范和化解,将严重影响国家的经济安全和社会稳定。本文首先分析了我国地方政府债务的总体情况、形成原因和融资渠道,并以辽宁为例着重分析了我国地方债务风险呈现的主要特征,最后提出合理化解我国地方政府债务风险的对策建议。     

政府融资模式转变对商业银行风险管理的影响研究

在中央加大对地方政府债务管理的政策背景下,地方政府逐步正视债务管理,转变传统融资模式,采取了清理摸底、提前还贷、严控增量等一系列具体措施和行动。这不仅有利于地方政府防范和化解风险,也有利于银行贷款安全。地方政府债务存量大、余额高,若转变融资模式的方式不当极易发生风险。为了稳健发展地方政府信用业务,商业银行应积极稳妥化解存量贷款风险,针对政府购买服务业务和PPP项目,加强合法合规管理,建立新型银政合作关系。     

金融分权对地方融资平台债务规模与结构影响的实证研究

地方融资平台正处于转型关键期,而其债务规模的持续增长给市场化转型增添了压力,不利于防范和化解地方政府债务风险.本文选取2009-2019年2489家地方融资平台的相关数据,实证检验了金融分权对地方融资平台债务的影响.研究发现,金融分权显著促进了地方融资平台的债务扩张;进一步分析发现,该效应主要体现于地方融资平台债务中的城投债务和长期债务,融资约束是金融分权债务扩张效应的作用渠道.此外,金融分权的债务扩张效应在基础设施、民生相关行业的地方融资平台中更加明显,新《预算法》实施后该效应减弱.本文的政策建议包括,重塑金融垂直管理体系、加快地方融资平台市场化转型、改造不同区域和行业的地方融资平台.     

地方政府化债：国际经验及启示

化解地方政府债务风险是防范化解系统性风险的重中之重,关系到国家财政可持续发展与经济安全。本文选取日本、美国、巴西和墨西哥地方政府化债的案例,总结提炼地方政府化债的国际经验。研究发现,地方政府存在合理的融资需求,融资时会面临各种风险,其中外债风险大于内债风险,若处置不当则会产生债务危机。短期化解债务风险的主要出路是动员金融资源;长期来看,公开发行债券、建立健康活跃的债券市场,保持健全的债务人格对于化解债务风险尤为重要。     

浅析地方政府融资平台的风险管理——兼论自行发债对化解地方债务风险的作用

地方政府融资平台在保持增长、扩大内需、调整结构中发挥了积极的作用.目前地方政府融资平台公司面临着财务风险,为此,中央政府允许地方政府自行发债,以化解其风险.本文认为,导致违约风险的原因,主要是监管方面存在漏洞.据此,本文提出以项目融资管理考核、资金流向和评级地方政府、监管独立性、债务偿还保障机制等四个指标对地方融资平台公司运行全过程进行监管,防范债务和道德风险,确保其健全运营.     

我国地方政府债务的风险传递链分析——基于欧债危机的警示

近年来,我国政府将"尽快制定规范地方融资平台的措施,防范潜在财政风险"列入宏观层面重点抓好的工作之一。2011年,银监会将地方政府融资平台风险列为当年银行业三大风险之首。2012年1月6日,温家宝总理在全国金融工作会议上对今后一个时期金融改革发展部署时强调,要防范化解地方政府性债务风险,并指出要"综合施策、标本兼治",妥善处理存量债务。由此可见,防范与化解地方政府性债务风险,正亟待解决。欧洲主权债务危机已给我们深刻警示。借此来探讨我国地方政府债务风险的防范及措施,对于避免发生系统性金融财政风险具有重要的理论及现实意义。     

新型城镇化背景下地方政府债务风险管理研究

新型城镇化的发展要求加快基础设施建设,而肩负基础设施建设投融资重任的地方政府只拥有有限的财力,这就造成了地方政府大举借债来保证建设。在地方政府债务风险凸显的情况下,本文结合新型城镇化背景,分析了地方政府债务风险的现状和产生原因,并针对性地提出了几点防范和化解该风险的建议以供参考。     

云南省曲靖市地方政府融资平台转型研究——基于国发43号文的债务新视角

地方政府融资平台为地方经济发展、基础设施建设、城市居民生活水平等方面发挥了巨大作用,但是我们也看到融资平台数量成成爆炸式增长,债务规模及风险也随之加大。2013年6月30日经审计认定、2014年清理纳入地方政府的存量债务这部分可以通过发行地方政府债券化解,而大量的没有纳入地方政府债务得这部分债务以及融资平台在2014年清理后新增债务又该如何化解?本文基于国发43号及新预算法的角度研究了融资平台的现状,并提出了相应的化解债务的建议及思路。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original